1、主谓一致讲解及练习日期：2008-10-28 来源： 作者： 字体：大 中 小 语法形式上的一致。主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。例如： Jane and Mary look healthy and strong The number of mistakes was surprising 2意义上一致 1) 主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。 例如： The crowd were running for their lives 单数形式表示复数意义的词有 people，police，cattle，militia 等。 2)主语形式为复数而
2、意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。 例如： The news was very exciting 形复意单的单词有 news，works(工厂)和一些以 ics 结尾的学科名称，如 physics，politics ，mathematics 等。 3就近原则。即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词 or，eitheror，neither.nor，not onlybut also 等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。例如： Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this 4应注意的几个问题。 A)名词作主
3、语 1)某些集体名词( 如 family，team 等)作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式；如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： The whole family are watching TV His family is going to have a long journey 这类名词有：audienee，class，club，committee，company ， crew，crowd ，enemy， government，group，party，public，team，etc. 名词 population 一词的使用情况跟上述类似。例如： The pop
4、ulation in China is very large，and eighty percent of the population in China are farmers. “a group(crowd)of+复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样可用单数或复数，前者强调整体，后者强调各个部分。 2)某些集体名词( 如 people，police，cattle ，militia 等)只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。例如： The police are searching for him 3)单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。例如： A sheep is over
5、 there, Some sheep are over there 4)名词所有格之后的名词被省略的情况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。例如： My Uncles is not far from here The doctors is on the side of the street 常见的省略名词有：the bakers，the barbers，the carpenters，the Zhangs，etc, 表示店铺的名词一般作集体名词看待，但用作主语时，谓语 动词往往用复数。例如： Richardsons have a lot of leather goods to
6、sell 5)当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。例如： Five minutes is enough to do this exercise The Selected Poems of Li Bai was published long ago Three years has passed 6)不定代词 each，every，no 所修饰的名词即使以 and 或逗号连接成多个并列主语，谓语动词仍用单数形式。例如： Each boy and each girl wants to serve th
7、e people in the future 7)如果主语有 more than one.或 many a构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。例如： Many a ship has been damaged in the storm More than one student has seen the film， 是，在“more+复数名词+than one结构之后，谓语词一般用复数形式。例如： More members than one are against your plan 8)一些由两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具主语时；谓语通常用复数形式，如scissors
8、，chopsticks ，compasses，shoes，trousers，clothes，glasses等。但如果主语由“a kind of ，a pair of ，a series of 等加名词” 构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如： A pair of shoes was on the desk . 9)this kind of book=a book of this kind(这种书) ，其谓语用单数；短语this kind of men=men of this kind=these kinds of men(口语)(这一类人)，但 this kind of men 的谓语用单数，
9、 men of this kind 和 these kinds of men 的谓语用复数。all kinds of 后跟复数名词，谓语用复数形式。例如： Men of this kind are dangerous This kind of men is dangerous 10)复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则，作单数意义时，谓语用单数；反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有means(方法) ，works( 工厂 )，species( 种类) ，Chinese，Japanese 等。例如： The (This) glass works was set up in l970 (这
10、家玻璃厂建于 1970 年。) The(These)glass works are near the railway station (这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。) 当它们前面有 a，such a，this ，that 修饰时，谓语用单数；有all，such，these，those 修饰时，谓语用复数。但 “means“， “no means“， “the means“等词前没有以上修饰词时，可作单数，也可用作复数。 注：work 作“工作”解时是不可数名词，作“著作”解时是可数名词，有单复数之分。 11)如果名词词组中心词是 all，most；half，rest ，part 等词语，表示的是复
11、数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；反之，用单数。例如： All of the water is gone。 All of my classmates work hard 12)在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如： Between the two windows hangs a picture B)由连接词连接的名词作主语 13)用 and 或 both.and 连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。例如： Walking and riding are good exercises Plastics and rubber never rot 但是，并列主语如果指的，是同一个人、同一
12、事物或同一概念，谓语动词用：单数形式，这时，and 后面的名词没有冠词。例如： A knife and fork is on the table Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit The girls teacher and friend is a young doctor Truth and honesty is the best policy。 14)当主语后面跟有 as well as，as much as，no less than, along with，with, like，rather than，toget
13、her with，but，except，besides，including ，in addition to 等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。例如： The room with its furniture was rented The teacher as well as the students was excited 15)以 or，either.，neither.nor，not onlybut also 等连接的名词( 代词)作主语，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。例如： Neither you nor I nor anybody else knows an
14、ything about it Either you or he is to go Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room C)代词作主语 16)名词型物主代词后的动词，既可以用单数，也可以用复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。例如： Ours(Our Party) is a great party our shoes are black，mine (=my shoes) are brown 17)such，the same 起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。例如： Such are his wordsSuch is our
15、 plan 8)关系代词 who，that，which 等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。例如： Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun Those who want to go please youre your names here 19)疑问代词 who，：what, which 作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单复数。例如： What produce(s)heat? Which is (are) your book(s)? Who live next door? It
16、 is Zhang and Liu Who lives next door? It is Xiao Liu 20)不定代词any ，either，neither，none，all, some，more 等作主语时，有以下两种情况： 单独用作主语时，视其在文中的意义，动词可用单数或复数形式。例如： All are presentlets begin the meeting Now all has been changed either，neither 单独作主语时，谓语通常用单数。 后接 of 时，若 of 的宾语为不可数名词，动词当然用单数形式；若 of 的宾语为复数名词或代词，动词可以是单数
17、，也可以是复数；在正式文体中，单数形式的动词更常用。 例如： None of them has(have)seen the film Do(es) any of you know his address? D)分数、量词作主语 21)某数词单纯表示数字作主语时，其谓语动词通常用单数形式，但是当基数词表示的不是数值而是数量时，谓语动词可用复数形式。例如： The billion is a large number Twelve were boys. 英语中算术式作主语时，若是减法或除法算术式，谓语通常用单数形式；若是加法和乘法，谓语动词有时也可用复数形式。例如： Three times five
18、 is/are fifteen Two and (plus) two is/are four. Twelve divided by four is three Three taken from eight leaves five 在提问加、减、乘、除得数时，如用 how much，谓语动词多用单数形式；如用 how many，谓语动词多用复数形式。例如： How many are two times five? How much is eight divided by two? 22) “分数或百分数+of+名词”构成短语，以及由“some，a lot of，lots of， plenty o
19、f，a(1arge)quantity of，the rest of， a heap of，heaps of+名词”构成短语时，其名词可以是可数名词或不可数名词。作主语时，采取就近一致的原则，其谓语动词要与短语中 of 后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中 of 后面的名词是中心词，而名词前面的量词是修饰语。例如： A quantity of blouses were on sale A large quantity of beer was sold Plenty of English books are on the shelf Lots of damage was caused by fi
20、re Three-fifths of the workers here are women About three-fourths of the earths surface is covered with water 23)A(great)number of，many；a few 修饰可数复数名词， 其短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数；a little，much，a great deal of， a large amount of 修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如： ； A large amount of(A great deal of)damage was done in
21、a very short time A great deal of trouble lies before us A number of students have gone to the countryside to help with the autumn harvest 24)(large)quantities of 修饰可数 复数名词或不可数名词其短语作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。例如： Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge 25)The n
22、umber+可数复数名词，the amount of+不可数名词，the quantity of+可数复数名词或不可数名词构成的短 语，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，例如： The amount of money is great. The quantity of heat in the office has not been increased The quantity of books in the library is amazing The number of students in our school is increasing 26)表示数量的 one and a half 后，名词
23、要用复数形式。但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： One and a half bananas is left on the table. 27)half of， (a)part of 修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数；修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数。 E)名词化的形容词作主语， 28)如果主语由“the+形容词或过去分词)”结构充当时。谓语通常用复数。这类词有；the brave，the poor，the rich， the blind，the young，the old, the sick，the dead，the deaf and dumb，the oppressed，the injured, the wounded, the unemployed 等；但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别，则用单数。例如： The departed(死者) was a well-known engineer The blind study in special schools 这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时，就要与名词man，person 或表示人的单数连用。如：all old man，a rich person，the(a)wounded soldier F)从句作主语
