1、戴云写作讲义写作训练方法 1 M$ J/ H2 x4 Q) p; v. c: ?15 篇 不限时写作 结构完整 300 字以上610 篇 1 小时 350 字以上 结构完整 要求：检查语法、拼写错误 跑题、表达不清问题 3 q* ) D/ v t* a: B3 U1120 篇 半小时 400 字以上. r3 P) m! x4 o9 N4 u要求：检查语法、拼写错误 跑题、表达不清问题 润饰文章理由不能太具体 否则不容易展开 要擅于利用“万金由”各个理由的关系，必须是并列关系，排列顺序由段落长短来决定。/ w B1 q g9 s- X/ b“ y开头 1 背景论题各方观点的理由作者论点和理由背景
2、论题反方观点（反方理由）过渡作者观点作者理由- J# E5 j8 M$ K% $ L开头段写理由的好处怎样写背景：提出一种普遍的或值得关注的现象（紧扣论题）作为背景 8 i Q# W5 ( # Q8 y1 8 X从远到近，由大到小，谈论紧扣论题的社会观点作为背景. d2 g2 Y. s+ x: V官方、权威数据，调查研究结果开头 2 事例论题各方观点（和理由）作者理由和论点) i! y4 w% A2 e8 V6 j 媒体（电视、电台、报纸、杂志和网络）的报道( l0 I5 * ?) M 朋友、邻居、同事的故事; F ) 5 ! p: L$ - X1 q必须是陈述句 必须表面观点 不要直接写事实
3、 由观点到事实态度必须坚决 每段都要有主题句 通常位于段首或段末% v/ G8 3 s F+ e结尾总结全文（论点各方观点）重述论点和理由提出建议/ 解决问题/深化意义把对方的优点移植到己方，把己方的观点消灭掉，提出实施方案和注意事项% Z: ; F) m: J) G深化意义展望未来对国家社会的好处黄金规则一 The longer, the better) J% c7 N: X) e, o! y- “ z 每一个论点都要有理由 每一个理由都要有例子 每一个例子都要有细节 n1 w x( C2 C2 t$ S“ R- Build-buildingAnnounce-announcement% S%
4、 x C I# EExplain-explanation0 e6 % L) p$ l0 R/ T* g8 I, r9 I使用短语进行替换 3 c$ 0 . g# n7 U(Support) argue for/vote for/be in favor of+ Q6 l+ j/ Z U“ (Oppose) argue against/vote against/object to/be opposed to使用全新的表达法进行替换 7 p: ?8 e. J! , p, J3 g, oA company has announced that it wishes to build a large fa
5、ctory near the community.-a large factory is supposed to built near the community according to the announcement issued by a company.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this new influence on your community., J2 0 Q“ V4 i! _-There is a growing awareness of both the positive and negative influe
6、nces that the construction plan brings to our community.8 ?( | ! r! A# t/ v% Y2) q“ ; W/ D, Z4 i x2 d0 r/ ZThe more,the more (12)% f, v% D5 l; J! z8 kThe more frequently we communicate with family members, the more harmonious the relationship in the family between us is.(只要涉及交流都可以用 )3. 倒装句（23）Sothat
7、.以至于So big is the classroom that it may hold ten thousand people./ U4 V1 A* R. w% Y“ B# c3 YSo fast does he run that the train couldnt catch up with him., f7 n0 f6 f5 P, x R- v1 z1 m Asas(morethan) 比较结构I run as fast as he did-I run as fast as did he. U: F M7 1 y+ k“ s表示地点、位置、范围、处所的状语或表语提前至句首My siste
8、r is among those students.-Among those students is my sister.分词或形容词短语提前至句首, % N. J) s# * u主语（定语）be形容词/ 过去分词 /不及物动词现在分词介词名词) k# V+ d$ w. w6 R! b5 c主语（定语）be及物动词现在分词 n.E.g. Contrary to/coincident with the opinion of many people is my heartfelt (忠心的) objection to/agreement with the idea that students sh
9、ould study together with classmates.Those people/parents who hold the opinion that money is the only symbol of success are satisfied with/contented with/interested in/worried about/opposed to their children finding a high-paying and long-working job.-Satisfied with/contented with/interested in/worri
10、ed about/opposed to their children finding a high-paying and long-working job are those people/parents who hold the opinion that money is the only symbol of success; k, c2 e4 C. J* o$ 1 ( o Arguing for those students living outside the campus are those people who hold the opinion that independence i
11、s the most critical characteristic of a university student 形容词 though/as+主语谓语主句Rich though he is, he is unhappy.“ d4 l: S H5 # K. Q5 Though the advantages (that owning a business enjoys/leads to/results in) are considerable/wonderful/numerous, they can not compete with the benefits (that working for
12、 others brings about/causes), when/if responsibility is taken into consideration/deliberation/account. X“ 1 y r! ?3 A3 z6 TA is five times the size of B.“ A5 r/ H. b4 F8 I9 + ?4修辞问句(1 2) $ 7 i; x L% M% 4 D5 u* XWhen human beings enjoy their happy life, isnt it necessary that they give some considera
13、tion to those cute animals without enough playing ground?When those people enjoy their happy life outside campus, isnt it necessary that they give some consideration to the great opportunities with their classmates if they live inside campus?$ T9 z( O x8 C! z6 Y; H w* J“ o+ tWhen those people enjoy
14、convenience brought by automobiles, isnt it necessary that they give some consideration to the heavily polluted air and those people who are injured severely (had) in the car accidents?When people enjoy the convenience brought the construction plan, isnt it necessary that they give some consideratio
15、n to the heavily polluted air and those people who are injured severely or die in the car accident because of the traffic jam after the construction of the factory?5. Y! e. R( t; W并列结构(2 3) 8 |9 K* ! a- XTeaching machines are devices that can store instructional information, present displays, receiv
16、e response from a learner, and act on those responses.6虚拟语气 1 R! k5 T* W+ D) K# o1 1 _- v4 P$ 6 k! F阐述各种假定的恶劣后果时，可以使用虚拟语气。 0 q8 q8 j0 i( H. w- n0 B C, LIf we built a factory in our community, there would be much pollution.( 1 O8 ( m( c+ z 0 J7 d2 E表示建议时，可以使用虚拟语气。I suggest he (should) go now4 q2 x% ?
17、“ L# E“ o$ k2 a6 s. r 论及不太可能会实现或不可能会实现或不希望会实现的事情时，可以使用虚拟语气。$ t/ O% X! e * 77 : ? O) s5 G: v5 插入语（23 次）% M2 U6 Q! c1 s O0 i重要的插入语列举： g; L+ l“ t4 F, S% V/ Xindeed， surely， （however ，nevertheless ，nonetheless，admittedly, notwithstanding）转折，意思完全一样,obviously，besides, furthermore, briefly, similarly,) W2
18、j3 f“ inaturally， luckilyfortunately，astonishingly, conversely, undeniably, undoubtedly, G7 t& K/ Z0 M1 E0 |. V& tstrange to say， needless to say， most important of all， worse of allin sumshort summary ， in other words， in a sense， in general， in my viewopinionjudgment，7 I- v, Y2 g& E* Sin consequen
19、ce, in conclusion % h j- Q& D) b& n5 Lin the first place，in addition“ c# w! A. % E5 E. * h+ “ 0 q e* ?1 L ?4 f# j“ H) O5 n2 m, n7 N8 XOn the contrary, in contrast P$ v $ L! tto my joydelightsatisfaction surpriseastonishmentamazement regret disappointment，of course,) i7 J0 K1 ! 3 p( M9 rfor instanceexample, in fact, as a matter of fact& Z: r3 N$ B & N0 i& A
