1、河南专升本论坛 1语法系列复习专题十-虚拟语气、倒装句型虚拟语气虚拟语气是通过特殊的谓语动词形式来表达的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测或建议等语气，它不表示客观存在。一、虚拟语气在单句中的用法常用来表示祝愿、采用固定的倒装句式。例如：Long live the Peoples Republic of China!中华人民共和国万岁！be happy! 快乐！have a good time! 玩得愉快！succeed! 成功！make progress! 进步！二、虚拟语气在复合句中的用法：1 在非真实性条件句与主句中的用法1） 表示与现在事实相反条件从句 主句一般过去时（be 多用于were）wou
2、ld/should/could/might动词原形例如：If I were you,I should accept the invitation.如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。 If I had time,I would go there. 如果我有空，我就去那儿。2） 与过去事实相反条件从句 主句过去完成时 would/should/could/mighthave done例如：If you had come earlier,you couldn t/wouldnt have missed the bus.如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。If he had seen you yest
3、erday,he would have returned your book.如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。3） 与将来事实可能相反条件从句 主句一般过去时（be 多用 were）should do,were to dowould/should/could/might动词原形例如：If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off.万一明天下雨，运动会就推迟。 （事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。 ）If you dropped/should drop/were to drop the
4、 glass,it would break.万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。4） if 的省略如果条件句中有 were,had,should 等助动词，可将 if 省略，而把 were,had 或 should置于句首,来表达以 if 引导的条件句的相同意思。例如：Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off./Had he seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book.5)条件句或主句的省略当有上下文或上下句中的语言环境暗示的时候，表示虚拟语气
5、的从句或主句往往可以省略，以避免重复。May you 祝你河南专升本论坛 2例如：Why didn t you attend the party yesterday?I would/should have,but I was too busy then.I was surprised that you didnt like this job.You could have done it better.（后面省略了 if you had liked it.）6)混合时间条件句与主句条件句与主句的动作发生的时间有先后之差，应按各自动作时间搭配好相应的结构形式。例如：If the teacher h
6、adnt been ill yesterday,who could give us a lecture now?/If you had reviewed the lesson,you would answer the question now.7)含蓄条件句与主句即用 without(but for),or(else)代替 if 从句。例如：Without/But for his help,we wouldn t have made such great progress.If his help,we wouldn t have made such great progress.2.在 as
7、if/as though 引导的状语从句中用法：在 as if/as though 引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用倒退一个时间段的方式来表达虚拟语气。例如：The man speaks as if he were a foreigner./The speaker told us a lot about that country as though he had been there many times./They talked as if they had been good friends for years.注：as if/as though 从句中不一定都要用虚拟语气。如果情况真实性、
8、可能性很大，就要用正常时态来描绘。例如：It looks as if it is going to rain.天看起来象要下雨。 （下雨的可能性很大。）3在宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句中的用法：1） 在 wish 后的宾语从句中的用法：A与过去事实相反的愿望：宾从谓语为“had done”形式。例如：I wish I had passed yesterdays exam.要是我昨天的考试及格了该多好。B与现在事实相反的愿望：宾从谓语为“did”形式。例如：He wishes he was as clever as you./I wish I had a large room to live i
9、n.C表示将来愿望：宾从谓语用“would/could do”形式。例如：How I wish I would go abroad next year!2)在 suggest,propose,demand,request,require,order,insist 等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语为“(should) do”形式。例如：I suggest/propose/demand/request/require/order/insist that he(should) be sent to the nearest hospital as soon as possible.3)在“It is (ab
10、out/high) timethat 从句”结构中，that 从句的谓语用一般过去时或“should do”形式。例如：It is high time he 他该开始了。4)在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法：在 suggestion,proposal,request,requirement,advice 等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中，谓语用“(should) do”形式。例如：My suggestion is that we (should) send a few comrades to help the other groups./He gave an order that the wor
11、k be done at once.虚拟语气考点分析there hadnt beenwe hadnt gotstarted.should start.河南专升本论坛 31Alice,why didn t you come yesterday?I _,but I had an unexpected visitor. A.had B.would C.was going to D.did析:此题 A、D 明显不合上下文，因为乙方没有去。B 选项若为 would have 则成立，可以理解为 I would have come if I hadnt had an unexpected visitor.
12、的简略式。但此处是 would,故应排除。只有 was going to 可得体地表达“我原本打算去的，但是有不速之客造访”这一意思。2If there were no subjunctive,English _ much easier. A.will be B.would have been C.could have been D.would be析：观察题干，可知全句表达的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故答案为 D。3The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the rules. A.obeys B.obey C.will obey D.
13、would obey析：根据 insist 后的宾语从句谓语要用(should) do 形式规律，可定正确答案是 B。4I wish I _ you yesterday.A.seen B.did see C.had seen D.were to see析：此题表与过去事实相反的原望，答案应为 C。5 If he _ ,he _ that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A.was warned;would not take B.had been warned;would not have takenC.wuld be
14、 warned;had not taken D.would have been warned;had not taken析：从对话看，是表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为 B。6.Without electricity human life _ quite different today. A.is B.will be C.would have been D.would be析：without 引出一个含蓄条件句，主句表述的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为 D。7When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it look as if it _
15、. A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken析；放入水中的铅笔看上去是断的，但实际上并非如此，因此是与现在的事实相反，这时 as if 从句谓语要用一般过去时，故答案为 C。8You didn t let me drive.If we _ in turn,you _ so tired. A.drove;didnt get B.drove;wouldnt get C.were driving;wouldnt get D.had driven;wouldnt have got析：观察题干，可知 if 从句表述与过去事实相反的假设，因
16、此答案只能是 D。9I didn t see your uncle at the party.If he _ ,he would have said hello to me.A.would come B.had come C.came D.did come析：观察题目上下文，特别是第二句的主句谓语为 would have said，可知 if 从句表述的是与过去事实相反的愿望，因此答案为 B。10_ it _ for your help,I couldn t have made any progress.A.Had;not been B.Should;not be C.Did;not be D
17、.Not;be析：根据主句谓语形式，可知从句要用 had done 形式，故应选 A，Had it not been for your helpIf it had not been for your help.（要不是你帮忙的话）11Mr Smith was badly ill,or he _ our dinner party.A.should come to B.would have attended C.would come to D.should have attended析：or 可引导含蓄条件句，表达虚拟语气。根据此题内容，可知是与过去事实相反的假设，故答案为 B。倒装句型英语的倒装
18、有两大类型：一、全部倒装：指谓语全部置于主语之前的倒装，有下列几种情况：河南专升本论坛 41 here,there,away,in,out,down,up,off,back,now,then 等在句首时引起全部倒装。例如：Here is a letter for you./There goes the last train./The door opened,and in came Mr Smith./Away went the boy./Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas./Back came the others./Out rushed
19、the boy with an apple in his hand./Then came a noise like thunder./Now comes the bus.2 介词短语或方位名词词组作地点状语位于句首，引起全部倒装。例如：In the corner of the room stands a writingtable./South of the city lies a big factory./Under the bed lies a cat./In these oceans live huge numbers of a small fish 5cm long.注：以上两种完全倒装
20、主语必须是名词，谓语常是表示方位或转移的不及物动词，如lie,live,sit,stand,be,come,go,rise,walk,run 等，主语若是人称代词或谓语不属上述动词之列，则不用完全倒装。例如：Here it rains a lot every month of the year./Here we are!/Off you go!/Then she went to the shop.3在 there be 结构中，采用全部倒装语序。例如：There is a book in the bag.表 系 主语4代词 such 作表语，意“这样的人” “这样的物” ，应置于句首，其后全部
21、倒装。例如：Such were the facts./Such would be our home in the future.二、部分倒装：指部分谓语（如助动词、情态动词）位于主语之前的倒装。有下列一些情况：1一般疑问句，选择疑问句，反意问句要求部分倒装。例如：Has he finished his work?/It s a lovely day,isnt it?2特殊疑问词不作主语或不作主语的定语的特殊疑问句要求部分倒装。例如：When did you go there?/Which do you like best?3only 修饰动词、介词短语、状语从句，并置于句首时，主句中要部分倒装
22、。例如：Only when the rain stopped did the match start again.注：“only名词/代词”置于句首不要倒装。例如：Only he can do it.(正) Only can he do it. (误)4含有否定意义的副词，如：not,never,neither,nor,seldom,hardly,little 等置于句 首时，要求部分倒装。例如：Hardly can I believe that./Never has he been to the Great Wall./Seldom does she write to me.5not onl
23、ybut(also)连接两个分句，not only 置于句首，它所引导的这部分要部 分倒装，但 but(also)部分不要倒装。例如；Not only should we study science,but also we should pay attention to politics.注：若 not onlybut(also)连接两个主语，句子不要倒装。6not until 引起一个短语或引导一个从句置于句首时，主句中要求部分倒装。例如：Not until he was ten did he go to school./Not until yesterday did I realize w
24、hat trouble he was in.7hardlywhen;no soonerthan句型中，若 hardly,no sooner 位于句首时，主句 中要求部分倒装。例如：Hardly had I entered the room when the phone rang./No sooner had he finished his talk than he was surrounded(包围)by the workers.8so 表“也” 、 “同样”意，位于句首时，其后要部分倒装。例如：You can swim,so can I./If you go,so will I.河南专升本论
25、坛 5倒装语序考点分析1 Not only _ polluted but _ crowded. (上海高考)A.was the city;were the streets B.the city was;the streets wereC.was the city;the streets were D.the city was;were the streets析：not only 部分要部分倒装，可排除 B、D。but(also)部分不要倒装，故 C 为正确答案。2 Little _ about his own safety,though he was in great danger himse
26、lf. (上海高考)Adoes he care B.did he care C.he care D.he cared析：否定意义的 Little 在句首，该句要倒装，故答案在 A、B 之中选择一个，因 A 的时 态不对，故答案为 B。3Only in this way _ progess in your English. A.you make B.can you make C.you be able to make D.will you able to come析：Only 修饰 in this way 置于句首，句子要部分倒装，故答案为 B。4Not until all the fish d
27、ied in the river _ how serious the pollution was.A.did the villagers realize B.the villagers realizedC.the villagers did realize D.didnt the villagers realize析：由于 Not until 在句首，主句要采用部分倒装，这样先可排除 B、C，又由于 D 不 应该用 didnt,故 A 为正确答案。5Be quick! _A.The bus comes here B.The bus here comes C.Here the bus comes
28、 D.Here comes the bus析：用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作出现在倒装句中，所以此题答案为 D。 （The bus is coming here.）6On the wall _ two large portraits. A.hangs B.hang C.hanged D.hanging析：由于介词短语 on the wall 位于句首，全句要采用完全倒装式，因为主语是复数，所以正确答案为 B。虚拟语气、倒装句型专练1.Little _ about what others think.A.he has cared B.he cares C.cared he D.does he c
29、are2._ got into the room _ the telephone rang. A.He hardly had;then B.Hardly had he;whenC.He had not;than D.Not had he;when3.Only by practising a few hours every day _ be able to master the language.Ayou can B.can you C.you will D.will you4.If I _ him yesterday I _ him about it.A.saw;would ask B.had
30、 seen;would have asked C.had seen;would ask D.saw;would have asked5.What do you think would happen if there _ no light during the days?A.is B.will be C.were D.would be6._ you succeed in everything and _ you be healthy.A.Hope;wish B.Wish;hope C.May;may D.Expect;hope7.But for your help,I _ the place.A
31、.cant find B.cant have found C.couldnt have found D.havent found8.If her lawyer _ here last Sunday,he _ her from going.A.had been;would have prevented B.had been;would preventC.were;would prevent D.were;would have prevented河南专升本论坛 69.If it had not been for the liberation,no changes _ place in my hom
32、etown.A.would have taken B.would have been taken C.will taken D.will be taken10._ late tommorrow,who would take her place?A.Should Miss Green come B.If Miss Green would comeC.Miss Green should come D.If Miss Green comes11._ it _,the crops _ be saved.A.Had;rained;could B.Should;rain;would C.If;rains;
33、should D.Would;rain;should12.The actor is over fifty.But he acts as if he _ a young man.A.is B.will be C.should be D.were13.It seems as if it _ already summer now.A.were B.be C.is D.had been14.I wish I _ him the day before yesterday.A.saw B.could see C.had seen D.was seeing15.I made the suggestion t
34、hat they _ the plan they had made.A.stick to B.stuck to C.insist D.insisted on16.It is suggested that a study plan _ right now.A.is made B.is to be made C.be made D.had been made17.They required that we _ them get in the crops.A.help B.helped C.were helping D.would help18.She should have attended th
35、e class,but she _ .A.hadnt B.hasnt C.didnt D.doesnt19.It was ordered that no smoking _ in the library,which made the smokers unhappy.A.is forbidden B.would permit C.be allowed D.should not be allowed20.Not once _ his view of life.A.did the gentleman mention B.the gentleman mentionedC.mentioned the g
36、entleman D.does the gentleman mention21.In the sun _ a group of young soldiers,gun in hand.A.did stand B.had stood C.standing D.stood22. You forgot to hand in your homework yesterday.Good heavens! _.Here you are.A.So I did B.So did I C.I did,too D.So you have23._ with his slippers on when he heard t
37、he terrible noise.A.Out did he rush B.Rushed he out C.Out rushed he D.Out he rushed24.No sooner _ finished the composition _ the light went out.A.I had;when B.I had;than C.had I;when D.had I;than25.It was not until _ to prepare his lessons.A.did his father come in that the boy beganB.his father came
38、 in that the boy beganC.did his father come in did the boy beginD.his father came in did the boy begin26._,so you are not a friend of mine.A.I never saw you before B.Never before I have seen youC.Never before have I seen you D.Never had I seen you before27.David has made great progress recently._,an
39、d _. (上海高考)A.So he has;so you have B.So he has;so have youC.So has he;so have you D.So has he;so you have28.Never _ till tomorrow what may be done today.A.put off B.do put off C.did you put off D.you will put off河南专升本论坛 729.Have you written these letters?No,_ time to do any other work yet.A.hardly I
40、 have B.I have had hardly C.I have hardly had D.I hardly have had30._ get such a pair of shoes for my son?A.Where do you think can I B.Do you think where can IC.Do you think where I can D.Where do you think I can31.Then _ that the enemy were gone.A.the news came B.came the news C.did the news come D
41、.did come the news32.What a beautiful bridge,_?Yes,_?A.isnt it;isnt it B.is it;is it C.isnt it;it is D.is it;it isnt33.Along the path _,on which _ “Keep off the Grass”.A.stood some signs;were written B.stood some signs;wroteC.some signs stood;were written D.some signs stood;wrote34.He took a taxi so
42、 that he _ there in time.A.was able to be B.got C.could get D.should get35.Id rather Tom _ tomorrow.A.come B.would come C.came D.will come36.It is about time you _ the medicine,sir.A.will take B.should take C.must take D.are to take37.If there _ no electricity in the future,our life _ change a lot.A
43、.will be;will B.is;will C.should be;would D.would be;would38.Without the Communist Party there _ New China.A.hadnt been a B.is not a C.would be no D.was not a39.There _ a lot of deer in the forest.A.have B.are C.is D.has40.From space _ like a huge watercovered globe(球体).A.looks the earth B.does look the earth C.the earth looks D.does the earth look虚拟语气、倒装句型答案15 D B D B C 610 C C A A A 1115 B D A C A 1620 C A C C A 2125 D A D D B 2630 C B A C D3135 B A A C C 3640 B C C B C
