1、英语单词在词形转换时,呈现出许多有规则的变化。下面是一些最重要的变化。1)以-d 或-de 结尾的动词,在对应的名词和形容词中, d 通常变成 s,如provideprovision, decidedecision / decisive,collidecollision,invadeinvasion / invasive,ascendascension,等等。其中以-end 结尾的动词,往往有-ent 结尾的名词与之对应。如 extendextent,descend descent,等等。2)以-ate、-ete、-ite、-ute 结尾的动词,对应的名词往往以-tion 结尾,如activa
2、tion、competition 、expedition、institution,等等。3)以-l 和-r 结尾的动词,对应的名词往往以-ance 或-ence 结尾,如excellence、vigilance、occurrence、conference 等等。4)一些常见的对应后缀:a)aciousacity:如 sagacioussagacityb)ate(形容词)acy:如 accurateaccuracyc)al(形容词)-ality:如 mentalmentalityd)ance 、-ancy、-ence、-ency-ant、-ent :如 excellenceexcellente)
3、-cracy -crat-cratic :如 democracydemocratdemocraticf)fyfaction :如 satisfysatifactiong) -graphy-graphic-grapher :如 geographygeographicgeographerh)-ify-ification :如 certifycertificationi)ic -icity:如 specificspecificityj)-ical-icality:如 logical logicalityj)ise、-ize-isation 、-ization:如 improviseimprovisa
4、tionk)logy-logical-loger、-logist、-logian:对比 astrology(astrological、astrologer )/ geology(geological 、geologist )/ theology(theological、theologian) 。l)-nomy-nomic-nomer:如 astronomyastronomic astronomer 请在一个相对熟悉的单词中,去体会一个陌生的前、后缀 。共:com-(还有 con/cor/col 的版本),per-(具体指:“每一个”或者“一直”的意思); 举例:compose connect
5、correct collect person perfect 分:dis-(常指一分为多),se-(常指一分为二); 举例:display separate 前:pre-(在之前),pro-(往前); 举例: preface progress上:sur-(超,过); 举例: surpass 下:sub-(常指往.下),de-(常指在.下); 举例:subway delay 不:ab-, un-,dis-,im-(还有 in/il/ir 的版本); 举例:about unhappy dislike immediately incorrect内:ac-(常指往.里),in-(常指在.里,也有 in
6、/il/ir 的版本); 举例:accept inside illuminate irrigate 外:ex-,e-,es-,ec; 举例:exit elect essay eccentric反:re-(有反复/返回两个意思),op-(相对); 举例:return oppose动词后缀:-ate, -ify, -ise(-ize), -ish.举例:dictate rectify advertise finish 名词后缀:-a, -ar, -ary, -age, -ance, -ancy, -ant, 举例:panda scar salary page dance giant -ent, -
7、ence, -ency, -er, -el, -le, 举例:student fence tendency teacher panel angle -ice, -icy, -ity, -ine, -ion,举例:police policy city line nation -or,-ory, sailor story -us, -ue,-um, -ute campus dialogue stadium minute形容词后缀:-al,-ial, -ual, -ant, -ent, -ive, -ite, -ile, -ic, -id,-ous, -ious, -uous举例:normal social actual giant deficient native polite missile panic rigid suspiciousconspicuous