1、1第二讲名词和主谓一致主语与谓语在人称、数上取得一致的情况：1. 主语为单数第三人称时，谓语要变单数,即加“S” 如：reads， sits注意特例： （1）-s, -ss, -o, -x, -sh, -ch 结尾的词要加 es如：misses， kisses， does，fixes，brushes ，astonishes，scratches（2）元音字母y 结尾s； 辅音字母y 结尾，要变成辅音字母 ies；如：says，sprays，delays，flies ，studies ，（3）fe，f 结尾的词尾要变成 ves如：strife （争吵） ，stuff （填塞） ，puff （喘气）
2、 ，名词的变化 (1)名词的数1) 可数名词的复数形式类别 多数情况规则 少数情况不规则多数可数名词加s, 如：eggegg s bikebike sfilmfilm s testtest s childchild ren oxox en ；footfeet；tooth teeth；mousem ice；lousel ice； crisiscris es；basisbases；emphasis-emphases, thesis-theses, analysisanalyses；medium media ；datumdata；phenomenonphenomena； bacteriumbacte
3、ria, criterioncriteria以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾的可数名词加es, 如：glass-glasses fox-foxes； churchchurc词尾 ch 发k音时，加-s 构成复数名词，如：stomach s2hes； watch-watches bush-bushes以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的可数名词变 “y” 为 “i” 再加 “es” 如：babybab ies abilityabilit ies以“元音字母Y”结尾的可数名词加s, 如：monkeymonkey sKeykey s ；boyboys以 “o” 结尾的可数名词加es, 如：herohero
4、es Potatopotato es tomatotomato es 1. 加s, 如： auto, photo, memo, kilo, shampoo, radio, zoo, piano. 2.加s 或es, 如：buffalobuffalo (e)s volcanovolcano (e)s cargocargo (e)s以 “f” 或 “fe” 结尾的可数名词变“f” 或 “fe” 为 “v” 再加 “es”,如：lifeliv es； leaflea ves 1. 加s, 如：serf, chief, gulf, roof, cuff, cliff, proof, safe, bel
5、ief, relief，cuff2. 加s 或变“f”或“fe”为“v”加“es”皆可,如：scarfscarf s (scarves) handkerchiefhandkerchiefs (handkerchieves)2) 既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的名词有些名词属兼类名词，作可数名词时表示具体事物，作不可数名词时表抽象概念。- Tom rented a single room to prepare for the coming exam. （room 为可数名词）汤姆租了一个单人间准备即将到来的考试。-Your essay is wellwritten as a whole, yet
6、 there is still some room for improvement. （room 为不可数名词）虽然你的文章写得不错，但还有需要改进的余地。3这样的名词有：experience（可数为“经历”，不可数为“经验”）；beauty（可数为“美人”，不可数为“美”）；office（可数为“办公室”，不可数为“公职”）；success（可数为“成功的人/物”，不可数为“成功”）；judgment（可数为“判决”，不可数为“判断”）；security（可数为“证券”，不可数为“安全”）等。3) 复合名词复数形式的特殊情况一般说来，以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式，如：homework
7、, sunlight; 以可数名词结尾的复合名词只将其中的主体名词变为相应的复数，如：bedrooms, bookshelves, housewives, fathers-in-law。此外，我们还需留意复合名词复数形式的如下特殊情况：类别 复数形式基数词 + 名词（+ 形容词）其中名词一律用单数，如：a ten-year-old girl;a 200milelong road；a five-foot-high boy以 man, woman, gentleman 等为修饰词的复合名词其中所有名词都用复数，如：men servants; women reporters; gentlemen d
8、rivers。但是，要说girl（boy）students，以及 Germans, humans, Romans, Normans 少数复合名词:可数名词介词（短语）动词/ed 分词副词动词-ing 形式副词名词后加-s，如 comrades-in-arms;passers-by 词尾加-s，如：take-offs; go-betweens动词-ing 形式后加-s，如：comings-in2 Every/ Each + (单数名词或单数代词+单数名词或单数代词 )+ 单数谓语Every man and woman in this society needs care.Each boy and
9、 each girl here works hard.4No (单数名词或单数代词+单数名词或单数代词) 单数谓语No teacher or student in this school is allowed to disobey the rules.No teacher and no student in this school is allowed to disobey the rules.2 集合名词作主语的三种情况a) 有些集合名词作主语，谓语只能用单数形式furniture, equipment, jewellery, scenery, clothing, bedding,（2）有些
10、集合名词作主语，谓语只能用复数形式people, folk, police, cattle, militia, poultry, mankind（3）有些集合名词作主语，看作整体谓语只能用单数形式，看作全体成员，谓语需用复数形式。team, club, family, class, audience, group, committee, government, cabinet, board, couple, army, jury, party, staff, faculty, personnel, union, public,The government has made a decision
11、 to eliminate drug-abusing.The government are arguing about the passing of a new law.The family has lived here for 50 years.The family are going abroad for a holiday.4. 由 both and 连接的两个名词或代词，谓语用复数，但是，由 either or ，neither nor， or，not only but also 连接的两个名词或代词，或在 There be ， Here be 的倒装句型中，谓语的单复数取决于临近主语
12、。Either you or she is needed to help paint the room.Have neither you nor he been to Tibet?Not only the students but also their teacher is going to see this new film.There is a school and some supermarkets nearby.5. 两个名词或代词由一些词（组）相连接，如 as well as, together/ along with,carrying, supported by, accompan
13、ied by, besides, apart from, in addition to,but, except, (un)like, no less than, other than 等，谓语需与第一个名/代词取得一致。Jane, unlike her sisters, doesnt like dancing.The teacher, in addition to the students, has seen this film.Tom, no less than Tim, is a promising student.An old woman, supported by two young
14、pioneers, is crossing the street.The club, other than the chairman, are in favor of the plan.56. 表示部分数量的词（组）of 名词 谓语结构中，谓语的单复数取决于名词： 名词为不可数名词或可数名词的单数形式，谓语用单数；名词为可数名词的复数形式，谓语用复数。All of the work is done.All of the students are here.The whole of the birthday cake has been eaten.The whole of the muffins
15、 have been eaten.None of the coffee is left.None of the telephones work/ works.None of these graduates are/is from parents families.None of them are qualified workers.7. What 引导的名词性从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数，但若表语中出现复数名词，则谓语要用复数，以与表语取得一致。What he said is right.What the teacher says and does has effect on his stud
16、ents.What the teacher says and does dont agree (with each other).What he bought were two balls.What they need badly are creative writers.What I have said and done have nothing to do with you.What is real to him are the details of his life.其他名词性从句作主语，用单数谓语Whether he will pass the test is still unknow
17、n.How he succeeded remains a secret.Who are going to visit Mr. Smith is undecided.8. 单个动词不定式或动名词作主语，谓语用单数。To see is to believe/ Seeing is believing.To plan in advance is a good thing.For him to finish the task in half an hour is a challenge.Playing with fire is a dangerous thing.Her often coming lat
18、e annoyed the director.两个动词不定式或动名词作主语，若指两类事物，谓语用复数；但若指某一事物的两个方面，则谓语应用单数。6To listening to music and to watch TV are my favorite things.Early to bed and early to rise is beneficial to health.Reading novels and solving problems are two different things.Weeping and crying does nothing towards settling t
19、he problem.9. a number/ variety of + 复数名词复数谓语the number/ variety of +复数名词 单数谓语A number of the students here are from key schools.The number of the students attending evening schools is on the rise.A variety of new goods are on display.The variety of goods on sale in that store is surprising.10. 用 an
20、d 连接的两个单数名词在意义上指同一个人或事物时，用单数谓语。A scientist and poet is going to give us a lecture tomorrow.My neighbor and colleague is watering the flowers.The partner and manager has warned us not to be lazy.War and peace is a constant theme in history.Whisky and soda is always his favorite drink.此外，a knife and f
21、olk, a collar and tie, a needle and thread, a cup and saucer, a cart and horse,. 也通常被看作整体，谓语用单数。A needle and thread is needed to mend the coat.An additional knife and fork was bought for the dinner.11. the + 一类形容词/ 分词 用来表示类比，谓语用复数The rich/ poor/ young/ old/ aged/ injured/ wounded/ unknown/ elderly/
22、sick/ ignorant/ seeing/ blind/ living/ dead/ disabled/ + 复数谓语After the earthquakes, the buried were rescued and the lost were found.12. Many a + 单数名词单数谓语More than one + 单数名词单数谓语Many a policeman has devoted his life to the order of our society.More than one student here was injured in the accident ye
23、sterday.There is more than one answer to this question.7One and a half + 复数名词单数谓语Look! One and a half bananas is on the floor.13. one of + 复数名词定语从句中的复数谓语 （表共性）the (only) one of + 复数名词定语从句中的单 数谓语 （表个性）Tom is one of the ten boys here who like football. （表共性）Tom is the (only) one of the ten boys here w
24、ho dislikes tennis. （表共性）14定语从句中谓语的单复数取决于其先行词He, who is lazy in study, wont succeed easily.I , who am your friend, will help you when you are in trouble.15以ics 结尾的名词作主语，指学科，用单数谓语；若转义指具体活动，则用复数谓语Mathematics 数学， （单数谓语） 计算能力， （复数谓语）Politics 政治学， （单数谓语） 政治手腕， （复数谓语）Economics 经济学， （单数谓语）经济形势， （复数谓语）Stati
25、stics 统计学， （单数谓语） 统计数字， （复数谓语）16由两个一半组成的物体，应用 pair 来计数，若无 pair，则用复数谓语trousers, pants, jeans, shorts, shoes, sleepers, boots, gloves, glasses, scales, tongs, scissors, socks, stockings, This pair of trousers is expensive.Here trousers are new today.Another pair of sunglasses was shown her/ to the cus
26、tomer.17. 单复同形的名词作主语，其谓语的单复数要根据这些名词在句中的意思而定始终用复数形式的词：means, series, species, bellows, headquarters,始终用单数形式的词：sheep, aircraft, deer, shark, fish (同种鱼)This means is really effective. (一种手段)His means have been used up. (多种手段)Her means are small. (经济能力，财富)18. the rest, the following,其谓语的单复数要根据这些词在句中的意思而
27、定8A third of the work was done yesterday, and the rest is to be finished tomorrow.A third of the students were invited to the party yesterday, and the rest were told to review their lessons at school.The following is my answer.The following are my suggestions.主谓一致语 法 练习题1. Ten percent of the workers
28、 in this city _now on strike.A. is B. are C. is to be D. are to be2. The growth of part-time and flexible pattern, and of training and retaining schemes _ more women to take advantage of employment opportunities.A. allow B. allows C. allowing D. have allowed3. These statistics _manageable units for
29、measuring distances with in the solar system.A. are B. is C. have D. is to be4. Mathematics as well as physics always _me a lot of headaches.A. has caused B. are causing C. cause D. causes5. Not only you and I but Peter, the top student in our grade, _ not able to solve the problem.A. are B. were C.
30、 is D. am6. Plenty of fruits, eggs, and vegetables _needed for health.A. are B. is C. is being D. have7. Neither Jane nor her brothers _a consent form for tomorrows field trip.A. need B. needs C. is needing D. has need8. What the man said under the oath _by several other witnesses.A. was disputed B.
31、 were disputedC. disputed D. be disputed9. The government _hoping to make their findings known soon.A. is B. has been C. are D. be10. Today there _a number of telephone calls from the applicants for the position.A. have been B. is having C. has been D. are to have11. To listen to fine music and to h
32、ave stimulating conversation with good friends _two pleasures in life.A. is B. are C. was D. has been12. Of particular interest to visitors _the large number of book stores that sell books in different languages.A. have been B. are C. is D. were13. Many species of animals which once lived on the ear
33、th _no longer in existence.A. is B. are C. was D. were14. How close parents are to their children _ a strong influence on the character of the children.9A. have B. has C. having D. to have15. Not only the whole nation, but the whole Europe, indeed the whole human society _to alter its attitude to ra
34、cial problems.A. need B. needs C. has a need D. have a need16. All the data _once and again, still there are a lot of mistakes.A. has been checked B. have been checked C. has been checked D. is checked17. It is not the tools a scientist uses but how he uses the tools that _A. make him a scientist B.
35、 makes him to be a scientistC. make him to be scientist D. makes him a scientist18. The play writer and director _promised to attend our tea-party.A. have B. has C. are D. is19. The premier and the Foreign Minister _present at the statebanquet last night.A. are B. was C. were D. had a20. To balance
36、the budget and to provide jobs _ two goals of the elected official.A. is going to B. is C. becomes D. are21. Every means _tried but without much result.A. has been B. have been C. are D. is22. Nobody but Smith and John _in the lab yesterday.A. are B. had been C. were D. was23. Half of the audience _
37、foreigners.A. was B. were C. had been D. has been24. Hard work and main living _characteristics of the working people.A. is B. has been C. were D. are25. In the room _a big table and a great many chairs.A. do they find B. is found C. are found D. have found26. Another three weeks _necessary for us t
38、o finish the work.A. are B. was C. is D. will have been27. He is the only one of the brightest students who _from New York University.A. is graduated B. have graduated C. has graduated D. are graduated28. Here is a message of importance to every man and woman who _A. votes B. vote C. have voted D. i
39、s voted29. Neither of the young men who had applied for position in the universityA. has been accepted B. have been acceptedC. was accepted D. were accepted30. That men have learned much from the behavior of animals _hardly new.A. is B. isnt C. being D. will be31. What they have done _useful to the
40、people.A. are considered B. is considered C. have been considered D. will be considered32. Every policeman and fireman _on the alert.A. have been B. was C. are D. were33. There _never been hard feelings between the families living on this block.A. has B. have C. is D. were1034. The linebacker and ca
41、ptain of the team _most valuable player.A. have been selected B. has been selected C. have selected D. has selected35. The nation wants peace, only a minority _the war to continue.A. want B. wants C. wanted D. has wanted36. It was you, not I, who_too much dependent on medicine and never did exercise
42、.A. were B. are C. was D. am37. Whether or not the new plan will yield any positive results _to be seen.A. remain B. is remained C. remains D. have remained38. With the elevation of peoples standard of living, cosmetics _ favorite topic, especially among women.A. has become B. becomes C. become D. h
43、ave become39. _either he or his accountants going to claim for the loss?A. Are B. Were C. Is D. Does40. There _not only the earth but also eight other planets in the solar system.A. are B. were C. is D. was41. There _one or two things that I have to mention.A. is B. are C. has D. have42. He is one o
44、f those speakers who _ideas perfectly clear. A. make his B. makes her C. make their D. make ones43. Ten minutes _an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.A. seemed B. is seeming C. seem D. seems44. The first part of the lecture was interesting but the rest _.A. was dull B. were dull C. had been dull D. were to dull45. The committee _among themselves for four hours.A. has been arguing B
