1、土木工程英语证书（PEC）考试-道路勘测设计专业术语道路 road公路 highway城市道路 city road；urban road厂矿道路 factories and mines road林区道路 forest road乡村道路 country road车辆换算系数 vehicle conversion factor城间道路 interurban road城市出入口公路 city approach highway道路工程 road engineering丝绸之路 the silk road道路网 road metwork道路(网) 密度 density of road network道路
2、技术标准 technical standard of road设计车辆 design vehicle特种车辆 special vehicle计算行车速度(设计车速) design speed道路建筑限界 boundary line of road construction道路用地范围 right of way净空 clearance等级道路 classified road辅道 relief road高速公路 free way；motorway部分控制进入 partial control of access等级公路 classified highway等外公路 substandard highw
3、ay干线公路 arterial highway支线公路 feeder highway国家干线公路(国道) natilnal trunk highway省干线公路(省道) provincial trunk highway县公路(县道) county road乡公路(乡道) township road (county road) 绕行公路 bypass公路自然区划 clinatic zoning for highway (城市)快速路 expressway(城市)主干路 arterial road(城市)次干路 secondary trunk road(城市)支路 branch road街道 st
4、reet郊区道路 suburban road居住区道路 residential street工业区道路 industial district road厂外道路 ractory-out road厂内道路 factory-in road(厂内)主干道 arterial road(厂内)次干道 secondary trunk road(厂内)支道 branch road露天矿山道路 opencast mine road生产干线 prductive arterial road生产支线 productive branch road联络线 linking-up road林区公路 fores thighwa
5、y运材道路 haul road集材道路 skid road护林防火道路 protection forest fire-proof road连接道路 linking-up road冻板道路 freeze road木排道 corduroy road自行车道 cycle track；cycle path畜力车道 cattle-pass驮道 bridler road项目建议书 project Proposal可行性研究 feasibility study项目任务书 Project charter设计规范 design specification 初步设计 Preliminary Design施工图设计
6、 construction documents design交通组成 traffic composition混合交通 mixed traffic交通流 traffic flow车流 vehicle stream交通密度 traffic density车头间距 spachead way车头时距 time headway车(辆)间净距 vehicular gap延误 delay点速度 spot speed行驶速度 running speed区间速度 overall speed运行速度 operating speed临界速度 iptimum speed；critical speed时间平均速度 ti
7、me mean speed空间平均速度 space mean speed经济车速 economic speed自由车速 free-flow speed交通量 traffic volume年平均日交通量 annual average daily traffic月平均日交通量 monthly average daily traffic年第 30 位最大小时交通量 thirtieth highest annual hourly volume年最大小时交通量 maximum annual hourly volume高峰小时交通量 peak hourly volume设计小时交通量 design hou
8、rly volume通行能力 traffic capacity基本通行能力 basic trsffic capacity可能通行能力 possible traffic capacity设计通行能力 design traffic capacity道路服务水平 level of servic e交叉口通行能力 capacity of imtersection道路交通规划 traffic planning交通调查 traffic survey交通量调查 traffic volume survey交通量观测站 traffic volume observation起迄点调查 origin-destina
9、tion study出行 trip境内交通 local traffic过境交通 through traffic出境交通 outbound traffic入境交通 inboud traffic交通发生 traffic generation交通分布 traffic distribution交通方式划分 model split交通量分配 traffic assignment交通量预测 traffic volume prognosis路网通行能力 capacity of metwork道路网规划 road network planning棋盘式道路系统 gridiron road systim环形辐射
10、式道路系统 ring and radial road system自由式道路系统 free style road system混合式道路系统 combination-type road system(城市)道路面积率 road area ratio(城市)人均道路面积 road area ratio牵引力 tractive effort行驶阻力 driving resistance滚动阻力 rolling resistance空气阻力 air friction；air resistance坡度阻力 slope resistance；grade resistance(城市道路) 平面设计 ali
11、gnment design；plane design道路中线 center line of road道路轴线 road axis道路路线 route of road道路线形 road alignment平面线形 horizontal alignment横向力系数 lateral force ratio缓和曲线 transition curve；easement curve离心加速度 centrifugal acceleration回旋线 spiral curve；clothoid交点 intersection point, IP主点 major point偏角 angle of deflect
12、ion偏角法 method of deflection angle几何要素 geometry element 圆曲线参数 parameter of circular curve切线支距法 tangent offset method缓和曲线参数 parameter of easement curve急弯 sharp curve缓弯 flat curve坐标 coordinate线形要素 alignment elment平曲线 horizontal curve最小平曲线半径 minimum radius of horizontal xurve汽车最小转弯半径 minimum turning rad
13、ius圆曲线 circular curve复曲线 compound curve复曲线点 point of compound curve, PCC反向曲线 reverse curve同向曲线 adjacent curve in one direction断背曲线 broken-back curve回头曲线 switch-back curve；reverse loop卵形曲线 ovoid curve视线 sight line视距 sight distance停车视距 stopping sight distance超车视距 overtaking sight distance司机反应距离 driver
14、reaction distance司机感觉反应距离 driver perception-reaction distance司机感觉反应时间 driver perception-reaction time司机判断时间 driver judgement time司机识别距离 driver decipherment distance侧向视野 field of lateral vision侧向余宽 lateral clearance侧向最小安全间距 minimum safe lateral clearance纵断面设计 profile design；design of vertical alignme
15、nt纵面线形 vertical alignment 高程(标高) elevation地面高程 groud elevation设计高程 designed elevation(路线)纵断面图 vertical profile map中桩填挖高度 height of cut and fill at center stake纵坡 longitudinal gradient最大纵坡 maximum longitudinal gradient最小纵坡 minimum longitudinal gradient变坡点 grade change point平均纵坡 average gradient坡长限制 g
16、rade length limitation纵坡折减 grade compensation缓和坡段 transitional gradient竖曲线 vertical curve凸形竖曲线 convex vertical curve凹形竖曲线 concave vertical curve路幅 roadway车行道(行车道) carriage way车道 lane内侧车道 fast lane中间车道 cemter lane外侧车道 nearside lane附加车道 auxiliary lane变速车道 speed-change lane加速车道 acceleration lane减速车道 de
17、celeration lane超车车道 overtaking lane爬坡车道 climbing lane停车车道 parking lane紧急停车带 emergency parking strip；lay-by错车道 passing bay回车道(回车场) turmaround loop专用车道 accommodation lane错车洞 passing bay in tunnel单行路 one-way road车道宽度 lane-width人行道 side walk；foot way分隔带 separator；central reserve路缘带 marginal strip路肩 shou
18、lder；verge硬路肩 hard shoulder路缘石 curb平缘石 flush curb立缘石(侧石) vertical curb平石 gutter apron街沟(偏沟) gutter路侧带 curb side strip绿化带 green belt横坡 cross slope路拱 crown路拱曲线 camber curve合成坡度 resultant gradient平曲线加宽 curve widening加宽过渡段 transition zone of curve widening超高 superelevation超高缓和段 superelevation runoff断面渐变
19、段 transition zone of cross section超高横坡度 superelevation slope土方调配 cut-fill transition土方调配图 cut-fill transition program土方调配经济运距 economical hauling distance横断面图 cross-cectional profile路基 subgrade路堤 embankment路堑 cutting半填半挖式路基 part-cut part-fill subrade台口式路基 benched subgrade路基宽度 width of subgrade路基设计高程
20、design elevation of subgrade(路基)最小填土高度 minimum height of fill边坡 side slope边坡平台 plain stage of slope边坡坡度 grade of side slope边坡修整 slope trimming(边)坡顶 top of slope(边)坡脚 toe of slope护坡道 berm边坡平台 plain stage of slope碎落台 stage for heaping soil and brocken rock护坡 slope protection挡土墙 retaining wall重力式挡土墙 gr
21、avity retaining wall衡重式挡土墙 balance weight retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙 cantilever retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙 counterfort retaining wall柱板式挡土墙 pile and plank retaining wall锚杆式挡土墙 anchored retaining wall by tie rods锚锭板式挡土墙 anchored bulkhead retaining wall加筋土挡土墙 reinforced earth retaining wall石笼 rock rilled gabion抛石
22、 riprap护栏 guard rail护墙 guard wall标柱 guard post防护栅 safety fence防炫屏(遮光栅) anti-dizzling screen隔音墙 acoustic防沙设施 sand protection facilities防雪设施 snow protection facilities道路限界架 boundary frame on road道路照明设施 ighting facilies of road交通广场 traffic square停车场 parking lot反坡安全线 adverse grade for safety公交(车辆) 停靠站 b
23、us bay ；parking station综合管道(综合管廊) composite pipe line渡口 ferry道路绿化 road planting街道绿化 street planting行道树 street trees绿篱 hedge；living fence功能栽植 function planting护路林 shelter belt里程碑 ki lometer stone百米桩 hectometer stake踏勘 reconnaissance(道路工程) 方案图 road project(道路)平面示意图 plane sketch线形设计 alignment design公路景
24、观设计 highway landscape design(城市道路) 竖向设计 design of elevation选线 route selection路线控制点 control point定线 location of line纸上定线 paper location比较线 alternative line展线 route deveopment初测 preliminary survey定测 location survey地貌 topographic feature地物 culture地形 topographyf台地 terrace垭口 pass；saddle back平原区 plain ter
25、rain微丘区 rolling terrain重丘区 hilly terrain山岭区 mountainous terrain沿溪线 valley line山脊线 ridge line山坡线(山腰线) hill-side line越岭线 ridge line(道路)隧道 tunnel半山洞 half tunnel明洞 open cut tunnel导线 traverse导线测量 traverse survey中线测量 center line survey施工测量 construction survey竣工测量 final survey(路线)平面图 plan view交点 intersecti
26、on point虚交点 inaginary intersection point转点 turning point转角 intersection angle偏角 deflection angle方位角 azimuth angle象限角 bearing angle方向角 direction angle切线长 tangent length曲线长 curve length外(矢)距 external distance测站 instrument station测点 observation point中桩 center stake加桩 additional stake护桩 reference stake断
27、链 broken chainage水准测量 leveling survey水准点 bench mark绝对基面 absolute datum地形测量 topographic survey基线 base line地形图 topographic map等高线 comtour line横断面测量 cross-sectional survey坑探 intersection plan钻探 boring(道路)地质剖面图 geological section(道路)地质柱状图 boring log地下水位 uderground water level摄影测量 photogrammetry航空摄影测量 ae
28、rial photogrammetry地面立体摄影测量 ground stereophotogrammetry地面控制点测量 ground control-point survey航摄基线 aerophoto base影像地图 ohotographic map航摄像片判读 aerophto interpretation综合法测图 planimetric photo全能法测图 universal photo微分法测图 differential photo像片镶嵌图 photo mosaic(平面)交叉口 intersection；road crossing交叉口进口 intersection e
29、ntrance,approach交叉口出口 intersection exit加宽转角式交叉口 intersection with widende corners拓宽路口式交叉口 flaredintersection分道转弯式交叉口 channelized intersection渠化交通 channelization交织 weaving交织路段 weaving section合流 converging分流 diverging冲突点 conflic t point交织点 weaving point交通岛 traffic island导流岛 channelization island中心岛 ce
30、nter-island安全岛 refug island道口铺面 paved crossing道口限界架 boundary frame on crossing交通安全设施 traffic safety device人行横道 cross walk斑马线 zebra crossing人行地道 pedestrian underpass人行天桥 pedestrian overcrossing分隔设施 separate facilities视距三角形 sight triangle路口视距 sight distance of intersection标志视认性 sign legibility(平曲线) 横净
31、距 lateral elear distance of curve道路曲线最内侧的车道行车 (路口) 截角cut corner for sight line视野 field of vision道路交叉(路线交叉) Road intersection,crossing, junction交叉角 intersection angle(铁路)道口 railroad grade crossing平面交叉 at-grade intersection；grade crossing多岔交叉 multiple-leg intersection环形交叉 rotary intersection；roundabou
32、t微形环交 mini-roundabout十字形交叉 cross roads丁字形交叉(T 形交叉) T intersection错位交叉 staggered junctionY 形交叉 Y intersection交叉口平面图 intersection plan立体交叉 grade-separated junction上跨铁路立体交叉 overpass grade separation下穿铁路立体交叉 underpass grade separation简单立体交叉 grade separation互通式立体交叉 interchange苜蓿叶形立体交叉 clover-leaf interch
33、ange半苜蓿叶形立交 partial clover-leaf interchange定向式立体交叉 directional interchange半定向式立交 semi-directional interchange菱形立体交叉 diamond in terchange喇叭形立体交叉 trumpet interchange环形立体交叉 rotary interchange分隔式立体交叉 interchange woth special bicycle track匝道 ramp单向匝道 one-wayramp双向匝道 two-way ramp环形匝道 loop ramp车道分布 lane distribution
