1、There was on shop in the town of Mufulira， which was notorious for its color bar. It was a drugstore. While Europeans were served at the counter， a long line of Africans queued at the window and often not only were kept waiting but， when their turn came to be served， were rudely treated by the shop
2、assistants. One day I was determined to make a public protest against this kind of thing， and many of the schoolboys in my class followed me to the store and waited outside to see what would happen when I went in.I simply went into the shop and asked the manager politely for some medicine. As soon a
3、s he saw me standing in the place where only European customers were allowed to stand he shouted at me in a bastard language that is only used by an employed when speaking to his servants. I stood at the counter and politely requested in English that I should be served. The manager became exasperate
4、d and said to me in English， “If you stand there till Christmas I will never serve you.”I went to the District commissioners office. Fortunately the District Commissioner was out， for he was one of the old school； however， I saw a young District Officer who was a friend of mine. He was very concerne
5、d to hear my story and told me that if ever I wanted anything more from the drugstore all I had to do was come to him personally and he would buy my medicine for me. I protested that that was not good enough. I asked him to accompany me back to the store and to make a protest to the manager. This he
6、 did， and I well remember him saying to the manager， “Here is Mr. Kaunda who is a responsible member of the Urban Advisory Council， and you treat him like a common servant.” The manager of the drugstore apologized and said， “If only he had introduced himself and explained who he was， then， of course
7、 I should have given him proper service.”I had to explain once again that he had missed my point. Why should I have to introduce myself every time I went into a storeany more than I should have to buy my medicine by going to a European friend？ I want to prove that any man of any color， whatever his
8、position， should have the right to go into any shop and buy what he wanted.1.“Color bar” in the first paragraph comes closest in meaning to _.A.a bar which is painted in different colors.B.the fact that white and black customers are served separately.C.a bar of chocolate having different colors.D.a
9、counter where people of different colors are served with beer.2.The writer was， at the time of the story， _.A.a black school teacherB.an African servantC.a black， but a friend of EuropeansD.a rich black3.The manager of the drugstore shouted at the writer in a bastard language because _.A.he hadnt le
10、arned to speak polite English. B.he thought the writer wouldnt understand English.C.that was the usual language used by Europeans when speaking to Africans.D.that was the only language he could speak when he was angry.4.In the third paragraph，“he was one of the old school” means _.A.he believed in t
11、he age-old practice of racial discrimination.B.he was a very old man.C.he graduated from an old，conservative school.D.he was in charge of an old school.5.Why didnt the writer wait at the window of the drugstore like other black African？A.Because he thought he was educated and should be treated diffe
12、rently.B.Because he thought，being an important person，he should not be kept waiting.C.Because he thought his white friends would help him out.D.Because he wanted to protest against racial discrimination.答案：Look at the keyboard of any standard typewriter or computer. “Q,“ “W,“ “E,“ “R,“ “T“ and “Y“ a
13、re the first six letters. Who decided on this arrangement of the letters? And why?People tried for centuries to invent the typewriter. In 1714 in England, Henry Mill filed a patent for a machine called An Artificial Machine or Method for the Impressing or Transcribing of Letters, Singly or Progressi
14、vely one after another, as in Writing, whereby all Writing whatsoever may be Engrossed in Paper or Parchment so Neat and Exact as not to be distinguished from Print. That machine probably didn t sell because no one could remember its name!The first practical typewriter was patented in the United Sta
15、tes in 1868 by Christopher Latham Sholes. His machine was known as the type-writer. It had a movable carriage, a lever for turning paper from line to line, and a keyboard on which the letters were arranged in alphabetical order.But Sholes had a problem. On his first model, his “ABC“ key arrangement
16、caused the keys to jam when the typist worked quickly. Sholes didn t know how to keep the keys from sticking, so his solution was to keep the typist from typing too fast.Sholes asked his brother-in-law to rearrange the keyboard so that the commonest letters were not so close together and the type ba
17、rs would come from opposite directions. Thus they would not clash together and jam the machine.The new arrangement was the QWERTY arrangement typists use today. Of course, Sholes claimed that the new arrangement was scientific and would add speed and efficiency. The only efficiency it added was to s
18、low the typist down, since almost any word in the English language required the typist s fingers to cover more distance on the keyboard.The advantages of the typewriter outweighed the disadvantages of the keyboard. Typists memorized the crazy letter arrangement, and the typewriter became a huge succ
19、ess. By the time typists had memorized the new arrangement of letters and built their speed, typewriter technology had improved, and the keys didn t stick as badly as they had at first.1.We know from the passage that the inventor of the first practical typewriter is_.A.Henry Mill B.Christopher Latha
20、m SholesC.Sholesbrother-in-law D.Allbert Einstein2.The author thinks the machine invented by Henry Mill could not be sold because_.A.it was difficult for people to accept new thingsB.there were great disadvantages of the keyboardC.the machine could not be distinguished from printD.the name of the ma
21、chine was too long3.Sholes decided the QWERTY arrangement of the keyboard in order to_.A.arrange the letters in alphabetical orderB.cause the keys to jam when the typist worked quicklyC.solve the problem of the keys jammingD.compete with “ABC“ key arrangement4.It is inferred that the QWERTY arrangem
22、ent of the keyboard_.A.is the most scientific arrangement B.adds speed and efficiency of typistsC.keeps the typist from typing too fast D.is easy for typists to memorize5.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?A.The Arrangement of The Letters on KeyboardB.The Story of Christophe
23、r Latham SholesC.How to Invent The TypewriterD.The First Practical Typewriter参考答案：BDCCAA scientific panel convened by the World Health Organization recommended guidelines on Friday for doctors conducting clinical studies of SARS patients. The panel urged doctors to apply the guidelines in analyzing
24、the masses of potentially useful information about various therapies that were collected in this years epidemic. Much of that information has not been published or analyzed.“It is a matter of urgency to get better analysis and review,” said Dr. Simon Mardel, a WHO official who led the two-day meetin
25、g that ended on Friday. He said thousands of potential therapies and compounds had been tested so far as researchers try to determine treatments for SARS, or severe acute respiratory syndrome. “We recognize that having no treatment for SARS is hindering our ability to control an epidemic in so many
26、ways.” He said.In the epidemic earlier this year, various treatments, like drugs to fight the virus or strengthen the immune system, as well as traditional Chinese medicine, were delivered under emergency conditions, in widely different settings and countries to patients suffering from varying stage
27、s of the illness. Those conditionsgenerally without standardized measurements or controlled situationshave made it hard to interpret results.Standard supportive therapy like nursing, and in severe cases the use of mechanical respirators（呼吸器）to help patients breathe, is the mainstay（主要支持）of SARS care
28、, and helped many patients survive. But doctors still do not know how best to treat SARS patients who have breathing difficulties. Dr. Mardel said. One method is invasive ventilation. A second method involves blowing oxygen into the lungs through a mask. Both carry the risk of transmitting the virus
29、 to hospital employees. Without proper analysis, the panel was unable to say definitively which treatment worked best, or which caused the most harm. “There is a lack of shared information,” Dr. Mardel said, noting that a lot of data have not been published.The panel also agreed on guidelines that w
30、ould allow doctors to conduct quick and safe clinical trials, a process that generally takes years to complete. The world Health Organization, a United Nations agency did not release the guidelines. Dr. Mardel said they were flexible because no one knew where, when and in what setting SARS would ret
31、urn. Experts in many countries have already listed the treatments they want to test, and the health agency is leaving these decisions to individual nations.1. Guidelines recommended by the scientific panel can be used for _.A. gathering potentially useful information about various therapies collecte
32、dB. conducting clinical studies of SARS patientsC. determining treatment for SARSD. publishing all the information about SARS2. According to the passage, it is difficult to interpret the results of certain treatments for SARS because _.A. patients were in different countriesB. patients were given me
33、dicines in widely different settingsC. patients were at different stages of the illnessD. these conditions had no standardized measurements or controlled situations3. According to doctors, the two methods to treat SARS patients who have breathing difficulties both _.A. carry the risk of infecting ho
34、spital employeesB. are effective in curing patients who have breathing difficultiesC. dont run the risk of transmitting the virus to hospital employeesD. prove to work effectively and cause no harm4. According to a WHO official, Dr. Mardel, the guidelines were flexible because _.A. SARS would reemer
35、ge in poor countriesB. no one knew where, when and in what setting SARS would returnC. SARS would not appear in developed countriesD. no one knew whether SARS would return or not5. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?A. SARS, a Dreadful DiseaseB. No Good Methods to Treat SARS
36、C. SARS Will Return One DayD. Health Panel Recommends New Guidelines on SARS参考答案: B D A B DIn recent years, teachers of introductory courses in Asian American studies have been facing a dilemma nonexistent a few decades ago, when hardly any texts in that field were available. Today, excellent anthol
37、ogies（文选）and other introductory texts exist, and books on individual Asian Americans are published almost weekly. Even professors who are experts in the field find it difficult to decide which of these to assign to students; non-experts who teach in related areas and are looking for writings for and
38、 by Asian American to include in survey courses are in an even worse position.A complicating factor has been the continuing lack of specialized one-volume reference works on Asian Americans, such as biographical dictionaries or desktop encyclopedias. Such works would enable students taking Asian Ame
39、rican studies courses (and professors in related fields) to look up basic information on Asian American individuals, institutions, history, and culture without having to wade through（费力的阅读冗长或艰深的材料）mountains of primary source material. In addition, given such works. Asian American studies professors
40、might feel more free to include more challenging Asian American material in their introductory reading lists, since good reference works allow students to acquire on their own the background information necessary to interpret difficult or unfamiliar material. 1. The author is primarily concerned wit
41、h _.A. responding to a criticismB. describing a course of studyC. discussing a problemD. evaluating a past course of action2. The “dilemma”(Line 2, Para.1) can best be characterized as being caused by the necessity to make a choice when faced with a _.A. lack of acceptable alternatives B. lack of st
42、rict standards for evaluating alternativesC. preponderance of bad alternatives as compared to goodD. multitude of different alternatives3. Biographical dictionaries and desktop encyclopedias are _A. primary source materialsB. introductory textsC. excellent anthologiesD. reference materials4. Which o
43、f the following is implied about the introductory courses in Asian American studies a few decades ago?A. The range of different textbooks that could be assigned for such courses was extremely limitedB. The texts assigned as readings in such courses were often not very challenging for studentsC. Stud
44、ents often complained about the texts assigned to them in such coursesD. Such courses were offered only at schools whose libraries were rich in primary sources5. According to the passage, the existence of good one-volume reference works about Asian Americans could result in _.A. increased agreement
45、among professors of Asian American studies regarding the quality of the sources available in their fieldB. an increase in the number of students sighing up for introductory courses in Asian American studiesC. increased accuracy in writings that concern Asian American history and cultureD. the inclus
46、ion of a wider range of Asian American material in introductory reading lists in Asian American studies参考答案：C D D A DAs you all know, the United States is a country on wheels. Nearly eight million new cars are made each year; four households out of five own at least one ear, and more than a quarter
47、have two each. Yet youll be surprised to learn that some of the car-owners even suffer from malnutrition（营养不良）.In 1968, a nation-wide survey of malnutrition was made for the first time. It found that 10 million people are suffering in health through inadequate feeding; the causes of their plight（困境）
48、were varied. Unemployment over a long period should be considered as the main factor. And unemployment, strange to say, nine times out of ten results from automation, both in industrial and agricultural areas. For example, in the rural South when a cotton plantation suddenly cuts its force from 100
49、people to three, the problem to help the displaced arises. So is the case with industrial automation. In fact, probably 2 million jobs are made unnecessary each year in the whole country as a result of the automation process, thus making unemployment a chief social concern. According to government statistics, the number of people unemployed was over 5 percent for the period from 1958 to 1963. In July 1981, it rose to 7.8 percent. As a matter of fact, it has long been known that even during the most prosperous p
