1、12014 高考英语单选题解题诀窍摘要:文章从点面上介绍了英语单选题解题的技巧,分析了如何更好地帮助学生有效地提高解题的速度及准确率。关键词:单选题;解题诀窍;解题速度近几年来,高考英语单选题设题较灵活,主要突出了能力的考查,其特点是语言真实,不会单纯考查语法知识。因此,许多学生在做此项内容时感觉容易失分,这就要求学生不但要有扎实的语法功底,积累丰富的词汇用法,而且更应具备在特定的语言环境中综合运用语言的能力。涉及到能力的考查,我们的学生或许会认为很抽象,其实掌握了一定的解题诀窍,就能化抽象为具体,化复杂为容易。下面我将结合自己在教学中积累的经验介绍解题的一些窍门,以帮助学生提高单选题的解题速
2、度和准确率。一、 学会审题,注意把握问题的着重点仔细审题是解题的最基本要求,疏忽大意很容易造成误选。-What happened to the priceless works of art?- _.A. They were desdroyed in the earthquake B. The earthquake was destroying themC. They destroyed in the earthquakeD. The earthquake destroyed them析:此题问题的着重点是“艺术品怎么啦”而不是针对“ 地震 ”而言,因此,最佳选项应为 A。二、结合上下语境,推出
3、正确答案此类题多为截取的生活场景,句式灵活,用词地道,表现出用语言来解决实际生活的问题,因此,不能死套语法框框,而应重在对语境的理解和把握,进行具体情况具体分析,选出符合逻辑行文的正确选项。例:1. -You seem to have lost your way. _?-Yes, Im looking for Wangfujing Street.A. Are you looking for something B. Where are you goingC. Need help D.What are you looking for析:根据上下语境的线索推测出问话人“询问对方是否需要帮忙”,因此
4、答案应为 C。22We havet enough books for_ ; some of you will have to share.A. somebody B. anyone C. everybody D. nobody析:根据下文“some of you will have to share”可判断出“书籍不够每人一本”, 因此正确选项为 C。三、抓住关键词,打开解题的切入点很多情况下,题干上会有一个关键词的提示,只要快速锁定该词,不但能找准答案,而且还能节省宝贵的时间,提高解题速度。1Years ago, we didnt know this, but recent science_
5、that people who dont sleep well soon get ill.A. showed B. has shown C. will show D.is showing析:根据关键词“recent”判断正确答案为 B。2The group, _ by Tseng Yungchuan, arrived in Beijing on Wednesday to help push for Taiwan to be opened to mainland tourists.A. leads B. leading C. led D. having led 析:根据关键词“by”判断,正确答
6、案为 C。四、关注标点符号能快速锁定最佳选项英语的标点符号常常是我们借以判断最佳选项的重要信号,因此,我们在审题时要特别注意它的功能,不同的标点有不同的作用。1、- _ a second time , will the man have one more try ?- Im sure he will.A. Turn down B. If turning down C. He was turned down D. If turned down析:根据逗号 “,” 的功能判断,逗号的前部分要么是从句要么是非谓语动词(短语)或独立主格,此空应用被动结构,所以答案选 D。2. _ some exerc
7、ise every day Im sure youll get fit sooner or later.A. To take B. taking C. Have taken D. Take 析:破折号“” 相当于“and”,前后结构应保持平衡,因此答案为 D。 五、巧妙运用“排除法”,既方便又快捷有时四个选项中一眼扫过去,会发现有三个是不可能的,这时采用“排除法”是最明智不过的。3With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settled B settling
8、C. to settle D. being settled析:既然“新总统现在的日子不好过”;“ 许多问题需要去解决 ”即发生在将来应用不定式,排除其余选项,正确答案为 C。六、采用“还原法”,再现庐山真面目有些句子设题上具有一定的隐蔽性和迷惑性,原因是它已改变了原先的句式或省去了一些内容,使我们从表面上不容易辨别出其句型结构,增加了理解的难度。这时巧妙使用“还原法”能大大降低句子的难度,使人豁然开朗,茅塞顿开。1、The more he thought about it, the more questions he thought of_.A. to be asked B. being as
9、ked C. asking D. to ask析:此题用介词“of”设陷阱,受定势影响会误选 -ing 形式,但若能把后面部分还原为“he thought of more questions to ask”, 就能断出正确答案为 D。2. -Can I help you ?-Yes, please. Do you have any books on cooking?-There are only a few, _.A. if any B. if have C. if some D. if do析:最后一句为省略句,补充完整为“, if there are any.” , 得知正确答案为 A。七
10、、去掉插入语,化繁为简有时设题特意加上插入语,使句型显得繁杂,这时只要去掉插入语,题干就简单明了,一目了然了。-Is that the small town you often refer to?-Right, just the one_you know I used to work for years.A.that B. which C. where D. what析:去掉插入语“you know”就知道答案为 C。八、以逻辑为主线,敲定答案留意非谓语动词与句子主语的逻辑联系能迅速圈定答案,如下题正确答案应为 C。While watching television, _.A. the doo
11、rbell rang B. a black cat suddenly ran inC. we heard the doorbell ring D. an unexpected visitor came to visit me九、通过对比关系,锁定目标4句中如含有 thoughalthoughtbut howeverwhile 等表示对比关系的词时,我们就可根据前后的关系确定正答案。1. They wanted to charge 5000 for the car, but we _to bring the price down.A. tried B. managed C. failed D.
12、had 析:根据转折关系得知“设法做成了”,故选 B。2.-I think George doest really care for TV plays.-Right, _ he still watches the program.A. and B but C. or D. so析:通过前后内容对比,“不喜欢看电视剧”与“ 仍然”是转折关系,故用 but.十、掌握固定句型,许多问题可迎刃而解鼓励学生自己归纳在学习中常见的一些固定句式,这对于提高单选题的准确率及书面表达的规范性都有好处。如,“祈使句 +andor + Sb. will ”; “It +be +some time +before ”
13、;“It wasnt untilthat”等。The flu is believed_by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have caused析:“Sth.Sb. be said believed to +V”为固定句式,再结合“by” 判断这里应用被动,故选 C。高考英语单项填空试题常见解题诀窍快捷而正确的解题方法不仅能够提高解题速度以争取时间,而且还能提高答案的准确度,
14、是获得高分的捷径。 而理解和记住以下常见的单项填空试题的解题诀窍,能够帮助我们举一反三、触类旁通,迅速找到解单项填空试题的突破口。 一、提取时间信息 根据语境定时态【要领】当考查谓语或非谓语动词的时态时,往往不给时间状语。应对方法是在试题中提取与时间相关的信息,判断动词动作发生的先后时间关系,从而确定时态。【例 1】They _ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go. (山东 2007)A. had got B. got C. have got D. get【答案及解析】
15、答案为 B。根据 otherwise 后面所接句子的谓语 would have been 可知是表示与过去情况相反,由此可知前面句子讲的“有两张免费的票”指的是过去的情况,故谓语用一般过去时。【例 2】Is there anything wrong,Bob?You look sad.Oh, nothing much. In fact, I _ of my friends back home. (2007 全国卷 II)5A. have just thought B. was just thinking C. would just think D. will just be thinking 【
16、答案及解析】答案为 B。由对话语境可知,一方发觉另一方不对劲,故问“怎么了?你看上去不高兴。”对方在思念家乡的朋友,故回答时用过去进行时与 just 搭配,表示“刚才正在”。【例 3】I got caught in the rain and my suit _.(北京 2007)A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined【答案及解析】答案为 C。my suit 承受动词 ruin 表示的动作,故先确定用被动语态。再由语境意义可知:被淋雨(过去)造成的结果是(现在)西服被淋坏了,要描述这样的状态,适合用现在完
17、成时。综合时态和语态,用现在完成时的被动语态。【一试身手】从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. Jim, what a surprise!I _ you _ here.A. dont know; areB. didnt know; wereC. hadnt known; had beenD. havent known; were2. This is Zhao Hua speaking.Im sorry. I _ your voice.A. dont recognize B. didnt recognize C. havent recognized D. hadnt
18、 recognized3. Can I help you,sir?Yes. I bought this radio here yesterday, but it _.(NMET 1996)A. didnt work B. wont workC. cant work D. doesnt work 4. The old couple have been married for forty years and never once _ with each other. (NMET 2003)A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreledC. have the
19、y quarreled D. had they quarreled5. Have you moved into the new flat?Not yet. The rooms _.A. are being painting B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painted 答案及解析:1. B。语境信息是:两人见面说话,肯定知道对方就在眼前。这里说不知道是指说话之前不知道,因而要用过去式。2. B。这是一个打电话的情景。对方已经告诉你他是谁,你说“没有辨认出他的声音” 是指对方说明身份前的情况,因此谓语动词要用一般过去式。3. D。语境信息
20、是:收音机是过去买的,买的时候肯定是能够正常工作的,而现在说“ 收音6机不能正常工作”应是指现在的情况,符合想调换的意图。故用一般现在时。4. C。语境信息是:这对夫妇结婚已经有 40 年, “相互从来没有争吵过” 指从 40 年前开始一直到现在,故适合用现在完成时,再根据否定词 never 位于句首时,谓语部分需要部分倒装,故选 C。5. D。语境信息是:问句提示房子在说话前就装修了,只是不知道是否完工。由 Not yet 可知 “还没有搬进新房”,由此推知房子应在说话时还在装修,故适合用现在进行时,由于主语 rooms 承受 paint 动作,故用被动语态。二、识别语气信息 与事相反虚拟探
21、【要领】英语句子均含有语气信息:句子表示的意义与事实相符,谓语动词一般用陈述语气;句子的意义与事实相反、或是不能实现的愿望,谓语动词一般用虚拟语气。语气往往隐藏在前后句子的信息中、或由某些关键词语(but 、otherwise 等)来表现。凡是表示与事实相反的情况或愿望,一般都要用虚拟语气。【例 1】I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I _ have driven her there. (陕西2007)A. could B. must C. might D. should【答案及解析】答案为 D。由前后分句提供的信息
22、可知说话者说本应该开车送她(her=your friend)到那儿,其实并没有,应用虚拟语气。 “should have + 过去分词”可表示“过去本来应做某事,而实际上并没有做”,带有“ 责备、抱怨、后悔” 等语气。【例 2】Look at the trouble I am in!If only I _ your advice. (上海 2003 春)A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow【答案及解析】答案为 C。前面暗示说话者已处于困境,说明没有听对方过去提出的忠告。后面说“要是听了你的忠告就好了”与过去事实
23、相反,纯属一种愿望,故用虚拟语气,if only 表示“与过去事实相反的情况” 时,谓语用“had + 过去分词”。【例 3】He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball,otherwise he _ a goal.(上海 2001)A. had scored B. scoredC. would score D. would have scored 【答案及解析】答案为 D。第一个分句说的是过去的事实,即踢球前迟疑了一下,otherwise 相当于一个条件从句 If he hadnt hesitated,表示与过去事实相反的情况,故空白部分
24、用与过去事实相反的虚拟语气 would have scored。【一试身手】从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. When a chopstick is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. has been broken72. We were really anxious about you. You _ home without a word.A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have leftC.
25、 couldnt have left D. neednt leave3. I didnt meet Mr. Smith at the station. How l wish I _ him.A. had seen B. saw C. have seen D. was seeing 4. But for your advice, I _ out of the trouble last week.A. wouldnt get B. wouldnt have gotC. couldnt get D. wont get5. You _ him from the water even though yo
26、u couldnt swim well.A. should save B. could save C. ought to have saved D. might have saved答案及解析:1. C。筷子放入水中,看起来像是被折断一样,这是光的折射现象,筷子并没有被折断,这是与事实相反的说法,因此谓语动词要用虚拟语气。当 as if 从句表示与现在情况相反时,谓语用过去式,且 be 一般用 were。2. B。事实是对方(you)什么也没说就离家出走了。而现在说“ 你不应该不留一句话就离家出走”,表示说话者抱怨、责备等语气,因此要用虚拟语气,shouldnt have left 表示过去本
27、来不应该离开,而实际上离开了。3. A。事实是没有见到 Smith 先生,wish 纯属表示一种愿望, 因此要用虚拟语气。表示对过去的愿望时,wish 后面的宾语从句谓语用过去完成式形式。4. B。由 but for(要不是)可知实际情况是已经摆脱了困境,所说的“不会摆脱困境”与过去事实相反,故用 would have got。5. C。由 even though 引导的从句意义可知说话者带有责备的语气:对方本来应该救人以尽一个人的义务,而实际上没有,ought to have done 表示对过去情况的虚拟。三、鉴别语态信息 及物无宾被动看【要领】当选项中既有不同的时态形式,又有不同的语态形
28、式时,先判断语态,后判断时态。因为语态容易判断:当所给动词是及物动词,后面没有带宾语且句子的主语承受该动词表示的动作时,就可先选定被动形式的选项。接下来根据所给时间状语或语境暗示的时间判断时态。若所给动词是不及物动词,就不需要考虑被动语态问题。【例 1】The flowers were so lovely that they _ in no time. (2007 全国卷 I)A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell【答案及解析】答案为 C。所给动词 sell(卖、销售)在此是及物动词,其后没有宾语,主语 they 是sell 的承
29、受者,优先考虑被动语态选项 B 和 C。再判断时态:sell 动词表示的时间不会在were 之前发生,故只能考虑用一般过去时。故选择 were sold。但需注意有些动词,如上面提到的 sell 既可以用作及物动词也可以用作不及物动词,这就需要具体情况具体分析。 如 sell 表示销售状况并跟有相应的副词时,一般用作不及物动词。如:The ticket cost so much and sold badly.8【例 2】When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _ for a space flight. (江西2007)A.
30、 training B. being trainedC. to have trained D. to be trained【答案及解析】答案为 D。非谓语动词 train 是及物动词,后面没有宾语,先考虑被动语态选项 B 和D。又从非谓语的作用可知,这里应用不定式作目的状语。故选择不定式的被动式。【例 3】“Things _ never come again!” I couldnt help talking to myself. (湖南 2007)A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. have lost【答案及解析】答案为 A。things 后面接非谓语动词作定语,动
31、词 lose 为及物动词,其后没有宾语,故在逻辑上被修饰的 things 是承受者,故要选具有被动和完成意义的过去分词 lost 作定语。【一试身手】从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. The students _ to touch anything in the chemical lab unless the teacher asks them to.A. arent allowed B. dont allowC. havent allowed D. wont allow2. Whatever has happened to the saleswoman?I
32、dont know. She _ around here for a long time.A. hasnt seen B. didnt see C. hasnt been seen D. hadnt been seen3. Gold _ in California in the nineteenth century.A. was discovered B. discovered C. had discovered D. was being discovered4. The girl went to the party without _.A. inviting B. being invited
33、 C. to be invited D. invited5. _ from the tower at night, the city looks more beautiful.A. To be seen B. Seeing C. Being seen D. Seen答案及解析:1. A。allow 一般为及物动词,其句型为 allow sb. to do sth.,本题中 allow 后面没有指人的宾语(sb.) ,句子的主语就是动作的承受者,因此要用被动语态。2. C。see 一般为及物动词,后面没有宾语,故先考虑被动语态。由语境意义可知与现在有关,应用现在完成时。3. A。discover
34、 是及物动词,后面没有宾语,故先考虑被动语态。再探语境时态,后面有 in the nineteenth century 作时间状语,只能用一般过去时,故用一般过去时的被动语态。4. B。在介词 without 后面只能用动词 -ing 形式。invite 为及物动词,后面应接 “人” 作宾语,现在没有宾语,在逻辑上句子的主语 the girl 是其宾语,因此,invite 要用具有被动意义的形式, 具有被动意义的选项有 B、C 和 D。综合分析,invite 既要用-ing 形式又要用被动式。9故选 B。5. D。see 为及物动词,后面没有带宾语,它的逻辑宾语就是句子的主语 the city
35、,因此要用被动式。具有被动意义的选项有 A、C 和 D。Seen 是 If it is seen 的缩略形式,正好符合题意。四、搜索明暗信息 综合推理作判断【要领】在考查语境的试题中,总会提供一些有助于解题的相关信息:明示信息由关键词句直接提示;而暗示信息需要理解和体验语境意义才能得到。明示信息为解题提供参考和方向,暗示信息最终决定选项。因此遇到此类试题,要善于搜索明示信息,以排除与题意无关的选项;再深刻理解语境含义以获取暗含信息,进行综合推理,作出正确的选择。【例 1】He and his wife are of the same _; they both want their son to
36、 go to college. (陕西2007)A. soul B. spirit C. heart D. mind 【答案及解析】答案为 D。本题考查名词的区别。明示信息为: soul 灵魂、心灵、精神;spirit 灵魂、心灵、精神;heart 心境、心情、内心;mind 头脑、精神、愿望、看法。四个名词均可放入空格处。暗示信息为:“他们想让他们的儿子上大学”,暗示了一种“想法”,故与 mind 意思相同,那么前面一句的意思就是“他和他的妻子有一样的愿望/想法。 ”【例 2】Do you need any help,Lucy?Yes. The job is _ I could do mys
37、elf.(福建 2007)A. less than B. more than C. no more than D. not more than【答案及解析】答案为 B。本题考查短语意义。明示信息为: less than 少于;more than 多于、超出;no more than 不超过、仅仅; not more than 不多于。四个短语放入空格处似乎都可以。暗示信息为:由问句和答语 Yes 可知需要帮助,这就暗示了 “这项工作超出了我自己的能力范围”,故选 more than。 【一试身手】从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. Mr. Li hesitate
38、d for a long time. But he decided to lend me a help _.A. finally B. immediatelyC. gradually D. slowly 2. Good morning, Green Hotel. Hello, Id like to book a room for the night of the 18th and 19th. _, Ill check.A. Ten dollars for each room. B. Just a minute, please.C. No problem. D. At your service.
39、3. Lin Tao _ lies. No one seems to like him. 10A. has never told B. is always tellingC. has just told D. tells4. Can you come on Monday or Tuesday? Im afraid _ day is possible. A. either B. neither C. some D. any 5. Ill look into the matter as soon as possible. Just have a little _.A. wait B. time C
40、. patience D. rest答案与解析:1. A。四个副词放在空格里句子的意思都说得过去,为明示信息。但由第一句话暗示的信息可知,李先生在作出决定之前犹豫了很长时间,这样选择副词 finally(最后)更合题意。2. B。试题为对话,明示信息为顾客要预订房间,暗示信息是服务员需要查看一下顾客所要预订的房间是否已经被人订了,需要时间查看登记册,故最佳答案为 B,表示“请稍等片刻”。3. B。如果只考虑第一句的话,四个选项都可以,但由第二句暗示的信息看,只有选项 B正确,因为现在进行时和 always 连用带有强烈的感情色彩,有“ 厌烦、不喜欢、批评、责备”等语气。4. B。四个选项均可放
41、入空格内,但受第一句中 or 暗示的信息可知具有选择含义,即只能在 Monday 和 Tuesday 两天中选一天,故先排除 C、D 两项,又从 Im afraid 的语气看只有neither 为最佳答案。表示了回答者委婉的否定。 5. C。四个选项放在空格内,第二句的意思都正确,但由第一句(我将尽快调查此事)可知是要求对方要有耐心(patience) ,这是暗示信息。本题易受汉语思维影响而误选其它选项。英语题的暗示性很强的,不仅这篇文章,几乎所有文章都这模样:转折、关联词必有暗示如 but,also ,although;指代词必有暗示如which,who , that,it,where 等;
42、关系词、连接词必有暗示如 and,as,as a resout 等;疑问词如 why,why not 等。剩下的是介词,如 up、down,off 等。这些暗示不是在原文中就是在选项中,因此,做英语题,完全可以根据暗示快速做题。当然必须结合语义做题,才能 100%正确。假设我读不是很懂这篇,但是完全可以这么读,我都读成这德性了,但是依旧可以把题做出来。我工作在什么附近,在捡垃圾,我怎么着()擦汗我的额头,并抬头看天,( )不下雨?我想,那将( )东西 down,我开始想念我的( )谁可能坐在( )现在。我存在一些问题在学校,( )我父母决定让我( )和我爸爸一起,我们都为叔叔工作,谁( )公司,保持路面( )of 垃圾,工作怎么( )和脏,尤其是热天( )这里。我们继续( )这条什么街,( )过桥。我看到一个地方一些( )坏在路上,不像平时那样。我想( )什么东西 out,一些东西告诉我( ),没太多时间了。( )我看到一个什么( )怎么着在树里面,可能是一部偷来的车( )那,我想,那时,就在那( ),我看见什么动了。后面是描述一个人的不翻译了。