1、1一课经济学中英文对照此一课经济学中英文对照版是在德赛公园开放式校译本 v20090305 基础上编辑而成的。主要参照此前出版的 5 个中译本。网友寻正对前六章做了新的校译。希望有一天 Henry Hazlitt 这本一课经济学 ，跟物理、化学并列科学教材，作为中学生的必修课。在此利用 blog 作一个开放的平台，欢迎有兴趣的朋友都来添砖加瓦。德赛公园主站http:/www.de-sci.org/blogs/dingdong/category/economics-in-one-lesson/Mises.org 博客存档http:/mises.org/Community/blogs/dp/def
2、ault.aspx2“一课”说来很简单，也就是经济学的首要教训。教训是一句话就说完了。对于不守教训的政府干预经济的政策，要一条条批下去，这样才能让人醒豁。Preface to the New Edition .4新版序 .4Preface to the First Edition .5第一版序 .5PART ONE: THE LESSON .9The Lesson.9第一编 主旨 第 1 章 关于这堂课 .9The Lesson Applied The Broken Window .15第二编 课程的应用 .15第 2 章 破橱窗 .15The Blessings of Destruction
3、 第 3 章 战祸之福 .17Public Works Mean Taxes .24第 4 章 公共工程意味着增税 .24Taxes Discourage Production .32第 5 章 税负抑制生产 .32Credit Diverts Production .35第 6 章 政府信贷扭曲生产 .35The Curse of Machinery .46第 7 章 诅咒机器 .46Spread-the-Work Schemes.62第 8 章 分散工作机会的方案 .62Disbanding Troops and Bureaucrats.68第 9 章 遣散军队和裁减公务员 .68The
4、Fetish of Full Employment .72第 10 章 盲目崇拜充分就业 .72Whos “Protected” by Tariffs?.75第 11 章 关税“保护” 了哪些人？ .75The Drive for Exports .88第 12 章 拉动出口 .88“Parity” Prices.95第 13 章 “平准价格” .95Saving the X Industry .104第 14 章 救救 X 产业 .104How the Price System Works .111第 15 章 价格体系如何运作？ .111“Stabilizing” Commodities
5、.119第 16 章 “稳定” 物价 .119Government Price-Fixing.128第 17 章 政府管制价格 .128318. What Rent Control Does.140第 18 章 房租管制的后果 .140Minimum Wage Laws.148第 19 章 最低工资法令 .148Do Unions Really Raise Wages.156第 20 章 工会真正提高了工资吗？ .156“Enough to Buy Back the Product” 第 21 章 “足以买回产品” .171The Function of Profits 第 22 章 利润的功
6、能 .180The Mirage of Inflation 第 23 章 通货膨胀的幻景 .185The Assault on Saving 第 24 章 抨击储蓄 .202The Lesson Restated 第 25 章 课后温习 .218The Lesson after Thirty Years .230第三篇 三十年后的这堂课 第 26 章 三十年后的这堂课 .230A Note on Books 后记与参考书目 .2434Preface to the New Edition 新版序The first edition of this book appeared in 1946. Ei
7、ght translations were made of it, and there were numerous paperback editions. In a paperback of 1961, a new chapter was added on rent control, which had not been specifically considered in the first edition apart from government price-fixing in general. A few statistics and illustrative references w
8、ere brought up to date.本书第一版于 1946 年面市，该版曾被译成八种文字，并出过好些平装版本。在1961 年版的平装本中，我加写了新的一章，探讨租金管制的问题，这个课题在第一版中并没有从一般的政府定价中拿出来单独讨论。1961 年版还更新了部分统计数据和用作说明例证的参考资料。Otherwise no changes were made until now. The chief reason was that they were not thought necessary. My book was written to emphasize general econom
9、ic principles, and the penalties of ignoring them-not the harm done by any specific piece of legislation. While my illustrations were based mainly on American experience, the kind of government interventions I deplored had become so internationalized that I seemed to many foreign readers to be parti
10、cularly describing the economic policies of their own countries.此外，本书内容在此新版前再无其他改动，主要是我认为没有大改的必要。本书是为了强调一般性的经济科学原理，强调忽视这些原理会受到的惩罚，而不是去探讨特定政策法规对经济可能造成的危害。书中的例证虽然主要取材于美国经验，但作者所责难的政府干预行为在各个国家是如此普遍，以至于在许多外国读者看来，作者就像特地在描述他们自己国家的经济政策。Nevertheless, the passage of thirty-two years now seems to me to call fo
11、r extensive revision. In addition to bringing all illustrations and statistics up to date, I have written an entirely new chapter on rent control; the 1961 discussion now seems inadequate. And I have added a new final chapter, “The Lesson After Thirty Years,” to show why that lesson is today more de
12、sperately needed than ever.H.H.Wilton, Conn.June 1978时隔 32 年，该对此书作一个全面修订了。我对例证资料和统计资料做了全面更新，并彻底重写了租金管制那一章，因为 1961 年版的讨论现在看来还不够充分。5另外，我加写了最后一章“三十年后的这堂课”，以说明今天我们上这堂课比以往更为迫切的原因。亨利黑兹利特于康涅狄格州，威尔顿镇1978 年 6 月Preface to the First Edition 第一版序This book is an analysis of economic fallacies that are at last so
13、 prevalent that they have almost become a new orthodoxy. The one thing that has prevented this has been their own self-contradictions, which have scattered those who accept the same premises into a hundred different “schools,” for the simple reason that it is impossible in matters touching practical
14、 life to be consistently wrong. But the difference between one new school and another is merely that one group wakes up earlier than another to the absurdities to which its false premises are driving it, and becomes at that moment inconsistent by either unwittingly abandoning its false premises or a
15、ccepting conclusions from them less disturbing or fantastic than those that logic would demand. 本书在于分析那些盛行到几乎成为新的正统学说的经济学谬误。阻碍它们成为正统学说的一个因素，在于这些谬误本身自相矛盾，让接受同样前提的学者各执一端形成百家争鸣的“学派”。道理很简单，跟现实相联系的问题，是不可能一直错下去的。一个新兴学派与另一个的区别无非就是一群人比另一群人更早地认识到基于错误前提所进行的推导多么荒谬，那一刻，由于是无意间放弃了错误的前提，或是由于接受了相对于其内在逻辑所推导出的不那么诡异与令
16、人难以接受的结论，那种区别又会化为矛盾。There is not a major government in the world at this moment, however, whose economic policies are not influenced if they are not almost wholly determined by acceptance of some of these fallacies. Perhaps the shortest and surest way to an understanding of economics is through a di
17、ssection of such errors, and particularly of the central error from which they stem. That is the assumption of this volume and of its somewhat ambitious and belligerent title.6然而，当今主要国家的政府所采取的经济政策，即便不是全部被那些盛行的经济学谬误所左右，也必然都受到了那些经济谬误的深刻影响。所以，剖析这些谬误，尤其是衍生出这些谬误的核心谬误，也许是了解经济学的最简捷且最可靠的方法。本书的构思，以及看上去多少有些雄心
18、勃勃与挑战意味的书名，正是来源于这个信念。The volume is therefore primarily one of exposition. It makes no claim to originality with regard to any of the chief ideas that it expounds. Rather its effort is to show that many of the ideas which now pass for brilliant innovations and advances are in fact mere revivals of an
19、cient errors, and a further proof of the dictum that those who are ignorant of the past are condemned to repeat it.本书属于阐释性质。本书所阐述的主要观点，皆非原创。相反，本书将致力于揭示，当今许多被看作是卓越的创新和发展的观点只不过是换了新马甲的古老谬误，进而印证“忘记历史，就意味着重蹈覆辙”这句格言。The present essay itself is, I suppose, unblushingly “classical,” “traditional” and “ortho
20、dox”; at least these are the epithets with which those whose sophisms are here subjected to analysis will no doubt attempt to dismiss it. But the student whose aim is to attain as much truth as possible will not be frightened by such adjectives. He will not be forever seeking a revolution, a “fresh
21、start,” in economic thought. His mind will, of course, be as receptive to new ideas as to old ones; but he will be content to put aside merely restless or exhibitionistic straining for novelty and originality. As Morris R. Cohen has remarked *: “The notion that we can dismiss the views of all previo
22、us thinkers surely leaves no basis for the hope that our own work will prove of any value to others.”本书的内容，我觉得，应当算是“古典的”、“传统的”或“正统的”吧，起码，抱持那些谬误的人会用这些名义来否定我的分析。但是那些努力探求真理的学生，则不应该被几个形容词吓住。学生们不应该总想着寻找革命性的、“全新”的经济学思想，他们应该是既接纳老观念，又欢迎新观念，应该摒弃浮躁而不是好炫求酷，一味地追寻新奇和原创。莫里斯科恩（Morris R. Cohen）说过：“如果说我们能够推翻以前所有思想家的
23、理论，那么我也不敢奢望自己的作品对别人会有任何价值。”footnotes:理性与本质（Reason and Nature), 1931Because this is a work of exposition I have availed myself freely and without detailed acknowledgment (except for rare footnotes and quotations) of the ideas of others. This is inevitable when one writes in a field in which many of t
24、he worlds finest minds have labored. But my indebtedness to at least three writers is of so specific a nature that I cannot allow it to pass unmentioned. My 7greatest debt, with respect to the kind of expository framework on which the present argument is hung, is to Frederic Bastiats essay Ce qu on
25、voit et ce quon ne voit pas, now nearly a century old. The present work may, in fact, be regarded as a modernization, extension and generalization of the approach found in Bastiats pamphlet. My second debt is to Philip Wicksteed: in particular the chapters on wages and the final summary chapter owe
26、much to his Common-sense of Political Economy. My third debt is to Ludwig von Mises. Passing over everything that this elementary treatise may owe to his writings in general, my most specific debt is to his exposition of the manner in which the process of monetary inflation is spread.由于这是一部阐释性著作，我会自
27、由地利用他人的观点而不必作具体说明（除了少数脚注和引文外）。在经济学这个诸多先贤辛勤耕耘过的领域写作，这样做在所难免。不过，有三位作者对我有特别的帮助，我不能不提及。首先要感谢弗雷德里克巴斯夏（Frederic Bastiat），本书中的阐释所采用的框架得益于巴斯夏一百年前发表的文章（Ce quon voit et ce quon ne voit pas）。事实上，本书可视为巴斯夏原文所用的分析方法的现代版，是其延伸和扩展。其次，要感谢菲利普威克斯第德（Philip Wicksteed），特别是关于工资的章节和课后温习那一章，多得益于他所著的政治经济常识（The Common Sense of
28、 Political Economy）。最后要感谢路德维希米塞斯（Ludwig von Mises），除了他对我这本粗浅的入门著作在写作上的指点，特别地要感谢他对通货膨胀过程散播方式的说明。When analyzing fallacies, I have thought it still less advisable to mention particular names than in giving credit. To do so would have required special justice to each writer criticized, with exact quotat
29、ions, account taken of the particular emphasis he places on this point or that, the qualifications he makes, his personal ambiguities, inconsistencies, and so on. I hope, therefore, that no one will be too disappointed at the absence of such names as Karl Marx, Thorstein Veblen, Major Douglas, Lord
30、Keynes, Professor Alvin Hansen and others in these pages. The object of this book is not to expose the special errors of particular writers, but economic errors in their most frequent, widespread or influential form. Fallacies, when they have reached the popular stage, become anonymous anyway. The s
31、ubtleties or obscurities to be found in the authors most responsible for propagating them are washed off. A doctrine becomes simplified; the sophism that may have been buried in a network of qualifications, ambiguities or mathematical equations stands clear. I hope I shall not be accused of injustice on the ground, therefore, that a fashionable doctrine in the form in which I have presented it is not precisely the doctrine as i
