1、六、不定式 10 1) It was a great achievement _(10 个月建成一栋 24 层的楼). to complete a 24-story building in 10 months （考点：不定式作主语时常用 it 作形式主语放在句首代替不定式，而将不定式移到谓语后面） 2) It is necessary _(我们在考试前好好地睡一晚上觉 ). for us to have a good nights sleep before the test （考点：有时用“介词 for + 代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语，这时整句的谓语描述的对象是事情， 这种情况下谓语中
2、常用的形容词有：necessary, important, possible, impossible, all right, essential 等） 3) It is generous _(你把这么多钱捐给灾区人民 ). of you to donate so much money to the people in the disaster area（考点：有时用“介词 of + 代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语，这时整句的谓语描述的对象是人， 常用的形容词有：bold, brave, careful, careless, cruel, foolish, generous, honest,
3、 kind, polite, rude, selfish, silly, stupid, thoughtful, thoughtless, wicked, wise, wrong） 4) The teacher decided _(不惩罚那些上课迟到的学生). not to punish those students who had been late for class （考点：1. 用不定式结构作 decide 的宾语；2.不定式的否定形式是在 to 前加 not） 能带不定式作宾语的动词常见的有：afford, attempt, beg, decide, forget, intend,
4、manage, mean, offer, prefer, promise, ） 5) Mr. Green was wondering _ (是否去看望在法国的儿子). whether to visit their son in France （考点：“疑问词+不定式”作动词 wonder 的宾语。 6) The gardener _(刚才警告我不要在中午给花浇水 ). warned me just now not to water flowers at noon（考点：不定式作宾语补语） 7) We _(请他给我们做有关现代艺术的讲座 ). invited him to give us a l
5、ecture on modern art （考点：同上） 8) He feels it challenging _(在这么大一所大学做学生会主席). to be the chairman of students union in so large a university（考点：动词 + it + 形容词 /名词 + 不定式。it 是形式宾语，不定式是真正宾语） 9) We hope to have more opportunities _(把我们在课堂上学到的东西应用于实践). to apply what we have learned in class to practice（考点：不定式
6、作定语） 10) The bad weather _(破坏了我们在露天放电影的计划). ruined our plan to show the film in the open air （考点：同上） 七、分词 9 1) This is the first time that I heard _(用意大利语唱“祝你生日快乐”). “Happy birthday to you” sung in Italian（考点：分词作宾语补语） 2) The cars _(停在消防通道的) will be ticketed. parked in the fire lane（考点：分词作定语） 3) The
7、war went on for years, _(夺去了成千上万人的生命). killing thousands upon thousands of people（考点：分词作结果状语） 4) The farmers used a new insecticide, thus _(将平均产量提高了 15%). raising the average yield by 15 percent （考点：同上） 5) Einstein watched the toy in delight, _(想推导出它的运转原理). trying to deduce its operating principle（考
8、点：分词作伴随状语） 6) _(看到大家都在聚精会神地看书), we stopped talking and began to study. Seeing that everyone was bending over his/her book（考点：分词作原因状语） 7) _(被这个男孩的事迹深深打动了), they decided to pay for his education. Deeply moved by the boys deeds（考点：同上） 8) _(从一个年轻朋友的眼光来看), Einstein was a simple, modest and ordinary man.
9、Seen from the eyes of a young friend（考点：分词作方式状语） 9) _(好久没有收到父母的来信了), he was worried about them. Not having heard from his parents for a long time （考点：1. 分词作原因状语；2.分词的否定形式；3.现在分词的完成式） 八、动名词 6 1) _(每天洗冷水澡) does him a lot of good. Taking a cold bath every day（考点：动名词作主语） 2) They tried to avoid _(让女儿做她不喜
10、欢的事情 ). making their daughter do what she didnt like to do （考点：动名词作动词的宾语） 3) Developing varieties is the key to _(使我们的产品进入国际市场). getting our goods into the international market（考点：动名词作介词的宾语） 4) It is no use _(为洒了的牛奶而哭泣 ). crying over spilled milk 考点：动名词用于固定结构。 5) He denied_(偷看了同桌的试卷). having peeked
11、at his neighbors test paper（考点：动名词的完成式） 6) We congratulated her on _(被提升为经理 ). being promoted to manager（考点：动名词的被动式） 九、非谓语动词用法区别 10 1) Success means _(非常努力地工作). working very hard. （考点：mean 表示“意味着”） 2) John meant _(开车去那儿，但他的车出了故障). to drive there, but his car broke down （考点：mean 表示“打算”） 3) I heard hi
12、m _(在跟他的母亲谈话 ). talking to his mother （考点：强调正在进行） 4) I heard him _(跟他的母亲谈了一个小时 ). talk to his mother for an hour （考点：强调整个过程） 5) He jumped into the pool to save the child _(结果却摔断了自己的腿). only to break his own leg （考点：意料之外的结果） 6) He jumped from the burning house, _(摔断了双腿). breaking his legs（考点：意料之中的结果）
13、 7) He was happy _(看到父母很健康). to see his parents in good health （考点：不定式作原因状语位于句末） 8) _(看到父母安然无恙), he issued a sigh of relief. Seeing his parents safe and sound（考点：分词作原因状语位于句首） 9) _(跟随着它的脚印), the zoologists spotted the hungry panda. Following its footprints（考点：现在分词强调主动） 10) The pop, _(后面跟着两个保镖), came
14、to meet his fans. followed by two body guards（考点：过去分词强调被动） 十、名词从句 11 1) _(他们为什么离开家乡去云南) is still a secret. Why they left their hometown for Yunnan（考点：主语从句） 2) _(最让我不解的) was that he spoke English so well. What confused me most（考点：同上） 3) _(这么做是故意的) became obvious. That this was done on purpose（考点：同上）
15、4) It is not clear yet _(谁应该为这件事负责). who should be responsible for this matter（考点：较长的主语从句可以后置，用 it 作形式主语） 5) It is none of your business _(玛丽与谁订婚). whom Mary is engaged to（考点：同上） 6) Dont put off till tomorrow _(今天能做的事). what can be done today（考点：宾语从句） 7) This novel is just _(我一直在寻找的). what I have be
16、en looking for （考点：表语从句） 8) It is not yet known _(机器人是否有一天能拥有象人一样的视力). whether/if robots will one day have vision as good as human vision （考点：whether/if 引导后置的主语从句） 9) _(她是否喜欢那个礼物) is not clear to me. Whether she likes the present（考点：whether 引导前置的主语从句） 10) Finally, the workers got an answer _(政府做不了什么
17、事来提高他们工资). that the Government could do nothing to raise their wages（考点：同位语从句） 11) Obviously, there was little certainty _(主席会同意他的提议). that the chairman would agree to this proposal （考点：同上）十一、定语从句 4 1) Everyday many tourists come to visit _(鲁迅出生的那栋房子). the house where Lu Xun was born（考点：先行词为地点，定语从句通
18、常由 where 引导） 2) The old lady died _(在她儿子到达的那天). on the day when his son arrived（考点：先行词为时间，定语从句通常由 when 引导） 3) This is _(我赞成这一改革的理由 ). the reason why I am in favor of this reform （考点：先行词为 reason，定语从句通常由 why 引导） 4) Some of the roads were flooded, _(这使我们的旅程更为艰难). which made our journey more difficult（考
19、点：非限制性定语从句） 十二、状语从句 4 1) _(不管我们谈论什么), Jim brings polities into the discussion. Whatever we talk about（考点：让步状语从句） 2) _(不管观众中的一些人如何使劲地难为他), the comedian always had a quick, sharp reply. However hard some people in the audience tried to upset him 3) We climbed high _(这样我们就可以看到更好的风景 ). so that we might
20、get a better view （考点：目的状语从句） 4) You can go out _(只要你答应晚上 11 点以前回来). as long as you promise to be back before 11 at night （考点：条件状语从句） 十三、比较级最高级 4 1) Does she dance _(跟她姐姐一样地优美)? as gracefully as her sister（考点：同级比较） 2) The buildings look _(在伦敦比在这儿难看得多). far uglier in London than here （考点：用副词或词组来修饰比较级
21、） 3) This is _(他画的最好的画之一 ). one of the best pictures that he has ever painted （考点：最高级） 4) The higher you climb, _(空气就越稀薄 ). the thinner the air becomes（考点：“越越”结构） 十四、倒装句 5 1) Scarcely had she fallen asleep _(一阵敲门声就把她吵醒). when a knock at the door awakened her （考点：Hardly/ Scarcely when结构） 2) No sooner
22、 had Anne arrived _(就生病了). than she fell ill（考点：No sooner than结构） 3) The husband was not hospitable to the visitor. _(他妻子也没说一句欢迎的话). Nor did the wife say a word of welcome. （考点：nor 表示“后者与前者一样地不”） 4) Only then _(那个医生才意识到他的病人需要手术 ). did the doctor realize that his patient needed surgery（考点：only 引导的状语位
23、于句首，句子倒装） 5) Only when you adjust down your price _(我们才能做成这笔买卖). can we conclude the business（考点：同上）十五、强调句 5 1) _(正是 Jefferson 写下了) the Declaration of Independence. It was Jefferson who wrote（考点：强调主语） 2) _(作者是带着真挚的情感)praises all that is progressive. It is with genuine feeling that the author（考点：强调状语
24、） 3) _(正是因为水涨了)we could not cross the river. It was because the water had risen that（考点：强调状语从句）4) _(人们听见正是 Jim 这个无情的家伙 ) shouting at his mother in the dead of night. It was Jim, the heartless fellow, who was heard（考点：强调主语）5) _(直到我告诉她) Mrs. Williams knew anything about it. It was not until I told her that （考点：强调状语从句）
