1、第 1 课1 In the postwar period，increasingly large numbers of enterprises and governments of different countries were involved in different modes of international business in addition to exporting and importing2 The tourist industry of this scenic country，which iS of critical importance to the countryS
2、 economic growth，is likely to double and redouble its foreign exchange earnings in the coming year3The multinational corporation doing auto business，which undertakes production and marketing on a global basis，has integrated its operations in China into its global business program in recent years4 In
3、 order to reduce costs and increase foreign sales，the multinational enterprises of many developed countries have transferred their equipment and personnel along with their capital to lowcost developing countries5The commerce minister stated recently that our country must vigorously expand exports in
4、 exchange for the merchandise and services our country urgently needs and should also be active in attracting foreign investment SO as to promote the rapid economic development of our country第 4 课1 Nontariff trade barriers，which refer to the protectionist measures characterized by quantitative impor
5、t restrictions，are used by developed countries and some developing countries to interfere with and impede the free flow of merchandise and services between nations2Since the mid1970s，as a result of the outbreak of the global economic crises，accompanied by the intensification of contention for intern
6、ational markets, the developed countries have been forced to resort to nontariff trade barriers designed to restrict imports, in an attempt to overcome their difficulties3Like tariff trade barriers，nontariff trade barriers have the effects of restricting imports and bringing about price increases in
7、 the domestic market of an importing country，thus imposing a heavy burden on the people of Western developed countries。4In recent years。some trade policies and regulations carried out by the United States have discriminated against China and imposed severe restrictions on some of its exports to the
8、United States5It iS likely that in the future the United States and other Western countries will still impose restrictions 011 the exports of ChinaS textiles and other labor intensive products，to which China will strongly(decidedly)0biect61 A sales channel in international trade refers to the proces
9、s of circulation in which goods flow from a countrys producer to the foreign ultimate customer or user and to the intermediary commercial establishments through which title to goods is transferred2.In the process of international commodity circulation，whether a sales channel is unimpeded and highly
10、efficient or not directly affects the turnover rate， profit and market share of goods3Acting as the export sales department for many manufacturers， an export management company either purchases goods directly from manufacturers and then resells them overseas for its Own account Or operates on a comm
11、ission basis4Acting as an independent sales agent on a case-by-case basis, an export trading agent on a case-by-company performs a sourcing or wholesale function between buyer and seller without assuming any responsibility to either party in a transaction5Local distributors in the host country are used by many manufacturers as a sales channel to facilitate foreign sales， since they are familiar with the host countrys market situation and its social and economic environments and are able to carry out the best market strategy and manage after-sale customer service
