1、土木工程英语证书（PEC）考试-地基基础常用词汇a under-reamed cast-in-situ pile 扩底灌注桩a weak underlying stratum 软弱下卧层active earth pressure 主动土压力adjacent excavation 相邻基坑adjacent pile 相邻桩allowable differential settlements 容许差异沉降allowable subsoil deformation 地基变形允许值allowable value 允许值anchor depth 锚固深度anchor force 锚固力anchor pi
2、le 锚桩anchor plate 锚垫板anchor rod 锚杆anchored retaining wall 锚杆挡墙angle of inclination/ inclination 倾角angle of internal friction of the soil 土的内摩擦角angular gravel 角砾arc sliding surface method 圆弧滑动面法average additional pressure 平均附加压力average pressure 平均压力base failure 地基破坏base plate of mat foundation 筏基底板be
3、ams on elastic foundation 弹性地基梁block stone 块石bored pile 钻孔桩boring 钻孔boulders 漂石box foundation 箱型基础braced excavation 支撑开挖brick foundation 砖基础broken stone/crushed stone 碎石cantilever sheet pile wall 悬臂式板桩墙casing 套管casing filled with concrete 套管内灌混凝土cast-in-situ concrete pile foundation 混凝土灌注桩基础center p
4、ile 中心桩changing of ground water level 地下水位变化characteristic value 特征值check on compression 抗压验算check on shear strength 抗剪验算clay 粘土clearance space 净空coarse sand 粗纱cobble 卵石coefficient of additional stress 附加应力系数coefficient of compressibility 压缩系数coefficient of consolidation 固结系数coefficient of permeabil
5、ity 渗透系数cohesion force 粘聚力cohesive soil 粘性土combined foundation 联合基础compaction piles 压实桩compensated foundation 补偿基础composite subgrade /composite foundation 复合地基concrete against infiltration 抗渗混凝土concrete foundation 混凝土基础cone foundation 锥形基础cone penetration test (CPT) 圆锥灌入试验connection beam 联系梁consolid
6、ation 固结consolidation curve 固结曲线consolidation test 固结试验consolidation theory 固结理论constant head 常水头contents of grains 颗粒含量corner pile 角桩corner point method 角点法correction factor for depth 深度修正系数counter-fort walls 扶壁式挡土墙cushion course 垫层deep basement 深层地下室deep excavation 深开挖deep-mixing pile 深层搅拌桩deforma
7、tion compatibility 变形协调degree of saturation 饱和度depth of excavation 开挖深度design of wall against sliding 挡土墙抗滑设计diaphragm walls 地下连续墙difference in settlements 沉降差direct shear test 直剪试验drainage layer 排水层drainage of footing 基础排水drainage of wall 挡墙的排水driven cast-in-place pile 沉管灌注桩driven pile 打入桩driving 打
8、桩driving shoe 桩头/桩靴drop hammer 落锤dry density 干密度dry unit weight 干容重dynamic pile capacity 桩的动承载力earth works 土方工程eccentric load 偏心荷载eccentrically loaded foundation 偏心受荷基础effective gravitational density 浮重度embedment depth 埋深end bearing piles 端承桩end resistance of a pile 桩端承载力excavation 开挖基坑excavation su
9、pport structure 基坑维护结构excess pore water pressure 超空隙水压力external ground level 室外地面标高field vane test 现场十字板试验filled and leveled area 填方整平地区filled ground level 填土面标高filled soil 人工填土final settlement 最终沉降量fine sand 细纱 flange of varying thickness 变厚度翼缘floating foundation 浮筏基础foundation 基础foundation base 基础
10、底面foundation top 基础顶面foundation types 基础类型fraction 粒组含量friction piles / floating piles 摩擦桩general shear failure 整体剪切破坏geological conditions 地质条件gravitational density / gravity density 重度、重力密度gravity retaining walls 重力式挡土墙ground anchor 土锚 /地锚ground beams 地梁ground surface 室外地面ground treatment 地基处理high
11、 socket foundation 高杯口基础high-rise pile cap 高桩承台H-pile H 型桩hydraulic gradient 水力梯度inclined anchor 斜锚杆inclined wall 倾斜式挡土墙initial ground water level 初始地下水位insertion depth 插入深度in-situ static loading test of a single pile 单桩静载荷试验internal ground level 室内地面标高jacked-down piles 静压桩laboratory vane test 室内十字板
12、试验large diameter pile 大直径桩large displacement pile 大量挤土桩large-area storage loading 大面积堆载lateral earth pressure 侧向土压力lateral earth pressure at rest 侧向静止土压力laterite /red clay 红粘土layered soil 成层土lifting of piles 桩上拔lime concrete foundation 三合土基础lime-soil foundation 灰土基础liquid limit 液限liquidity index 液性指
13、数loaded pile 受荷桩local shear failure 局部剪切破坏low pile cap 低桩承台main load-bearing layer 主要受力层mat slab 筏板medium sand 中砂method of beams and slabs on elastic foundation 弹性地基梁板法modulusof compressibility/constrained modulus 压缩模量Mohrs stress circle 摩尔应力圆moisture content of soil 土的含水量muck 淤泥mucky soil 淤泥质土multi
14、-layer summation method 分层总和法natural subsoil 天然地基negative skin friction 负摩阻力net pressure 净压力net water pressure 净水压力non-displacement pile 非挤土桩non-reinforced spread foundation 无筋扩展基础non-uniform soils 不均匀地基normally consolidated 正常固结offshore foundation 海岸基础optimum water content 最佳含水量order of driving 打桩顺
15、序overburden pressure 超载压力over-consolidated 超固结overturning of retaining wall 挡土墙的倾覆pad foundation beneath columns 柱下独立基础partial tilting 局部倾斜particle shape 颗粒形状particle size 粒径passive earth pressure 被动土压力penetration depth 灌入深度penetration-resistant grade 抗渗等级per liner meter 每延米pile cap 承台pile defect 桩的
16、缺陷pile failure 桩破坏pile failure mode 桩的破坏模式pile foundation 桩基础pile group 群桩pile point 桩尖pile shaft 桩身pile shaft strength 桩身强度pile space 桩距pile type 桩型plastic limit 塑限plasticity index 塑性指数plate load test 平板载荷试验pore pressure 空隙压力pore water pressure 空隙水压力porosity 空隙率pre-cast concrete pile foundation 混凝土
17、预制桩基础preloaded foundation soils 预压地基primary consolidation 主固结primary settlement 初始沉降pull out resistance of footing at depth 深基础的抗拔力pull out resistance of shallow footing 浅基础的抗拔力punching 冲切punching failure 冲切破坏punching failure cone 冲切破坏锥体racked piles / raker piles/ batter piles 斜桩raft foundation/ mat
18、 foundation 筏基redriving of piles 桩复打reinforced earth 加劲土reinforced earth wall 加劲土墙retaining walls 挡土墙retraining structure 支挡结构rigid foundation 刚性基础risen pile 上抬的桩rock 岩石rock anchor 岩锚rock discontinuity structure plan 岩体结构面rock-inlaid cast-in-situ pile 嵌岩灌注桩rounded gravel 圆砾rubble concrete foundation
19、 毛石混凝土基础rubble foundation 毛石基础sample disturbance 土样扰动screw piles 螺旋桩secondary consolidation 次固结settlement 沉降，沉降量settlement observation 沉降观测settlement rate 沉降速率shallow foundation 浅基础shear key in sliding wall 抗滑墙上的剪力键side of pile group 群桩的周边silky clay 粉质粘土silky sand 粉沙silky soil 粉土single-story bent st
20、ructures 单层排架结构skin friction of a pile 桩侧摩阻力skin area of piles 桩周面积slab foundation 平板式筏基sliding moment 滑动力矩sliding-resistant moment 抗滑力矩slip surface 滑动面slope 边坡slope angle 边坡坡角slope stability 边坡稳定性slurry excavation 泥浆开挖slurry trench pile 泥浆护壁类桩型slurry walls 泥浆连续墙small displacement pile 少量挤土桩socket b
21、ase 杯底socket foundation 杯口基础socket wall 杯臂soft cohesive soil 软弱粘土soil aggregate gravelly soil 碎石土soil classification 土的分类soil of high compressibility 高压缩性土soil of low compressibility 低压缩性土soil of medium compressibility 中压缩性土soil-compacting effect /soil-squeezing effect 挤土效应soil-rock composite subgra
22、de 土岩组合地基solidier pile 直桩spread foundation 扩展基础stability of foundation 地基稳定性standard frost penetration (depth) 标准冻深standard penetration test (SPT) 标准灌入试验static water pressures 静止水压力steel sheet piles 钢板桩stepped foundation 阶梯型基础stiffened slab foundation 梁板式筏基stress increase 应力增量stress release 应力释放stri
23、p foundation beneath columns 柱下条形基础strip foundation beneath walls 墙下条形基础strip foundation with cross beams 交叉条形基础strip load 条形荷载struts critical depth 支撑临界深度subgrade 地基subgrade bearing capacity 地基承载力substratum 下卧层superstructure 上部结构surface-empty phenomena 脱空现象the bearing stratum 持力层depth of foundation
24、 for settlement calculation 地基沉降计算深度the medium weathered rock 中风化岩石the minimum reinforcement ratio 最小配筋率the peripheral length of the pile shaft 桩身周长the principle of stress superposition 应力叠加原理the report of engineering geological survey 工程地质勘查报告the slightly weathered rock 微风化岩石the Winkler foundation
25、model 文可勒地基模型three-pile cap 三桩承台thrust due to land slide 滑坡推力tilting 倾斜toe of retaining wall 挡土墙趾triaxial test 三轴试验ultimate load of pile group 群桩极限荷载unconfined compression test 无侧限压缩试验undrained shear strength 不排水抗剪强度uniaxial compression 单轴压缩unit weight of soil 土的容重vertical bearing capacity of a pile 单桩竖向承载力void ratio/ porosity ratio 空隙比water saturation 水饱和weighted average gravitational density 加权平均重度width-height ratio of step 台阶高宽比
