1、土木工程英语证书（PEC）考试-负载与作用常用词汇accidental combination 偶然组合accidental load 偶然荷载action 作用apartment 公寓arched roof 拱形屋面area projected on a horizontal plane 水平投影面ash load 积灰荷载attic 阁楼balcony 阳台ballroom/ dance hall 舞厅basic load combination 基本荷载组合basic variable 基本变量basic wind speed 基本风速boundary condition 边界条件bou
2、ndary layer 边界层cab 驾驶室（吊车）canopy 雨棚cantilever member 悬挑构件cantilever slab 悬臂板case 工况catwalk 马道characteristic value/nominal value/standard value 标准值characteristic/nominal combination 标准组合cladding system 围护系统coefficient of thermal expansion 温度膨胀系数column effective length 柱有效长度combination value 组合值comply
3、 with requirement of Chinese code 满足中国规范要求concentrated load 集中荷载concentration of plastic deformation 塑性变形集中construction and maintenance load 施工和检修荷载construction load 施工荷载construction sequence 施工顺序control room 控制室corner 转角，角部corridor 走廊crane load 吊车荷载crane wheel load 吊车轮压dead load 恒载dead-load-resisti
4、ng moment 恒载产生的弯矩deformed position 变形后位置degree of reliability 可靠度density 密度design reference period 设计基准期design situation 设计状况design value 设计值design value of a load 荷载设计值design working life 设计使用年限determinate structure 静定结构diaphragm stiffness 楼板刚度differential settlement 不均匀沉降distribution factor of sno
5、w pressure 屋面积雪分布系数double span double pitched roof 双跨双坡屋面during service life 使用期间dynamic analysis 动力分析dynamic coefficient 动力系数earthquake action 地震作用eave 屋檐/挑檐edge beam 边梁edge column 边柱elasticity modulus 弹性模量electric hoist 电动葫芦element check 构件校核enclosed structure 封闭式结构energy 能量equibrium equation 平衡方程
6、equivalent uniform live load 等效均布活荷载expansion 膨胀exposure category 地面粗糙度类别（美）exposure factor for wind pressure 风压高度变化系数（美）field experiment 现场试验fire escape 防火楼梯first mode 第一振型fixed seats 固定座位flat roof 平屋顶flexible lifting hook 软钩吊车floor live load 楼面活荷载fluid pressure 流体压力fractile 分位值frequent combination
7、s 频遇组合frequent value 频遇值fundamental combination 基本组合gable 山墙garage 车库geometrical parameter 几何参数gradient height 梯度风高度gust 阵风gust factor coefficient 阵风系数gymnasium 健身房hand-geared bridge crane 手动吊车handrail 栏杆，扶手hard lifting hook 硬钩吊车height variation factor of wind pressure 风压高度变化系数height-to-width ratio
8、高宽比heliport 直升飞机平台horizontal component 水平分量horizontal load 水平荷载horizontal load on railing 栏杆水平荷载hydrostatic uplift load 水浮力impact factor 冲击系数impact load 冲击荷载importance factor 重要性系数indeterminate structure 超静定结构interpolation 内插值法laboratory 实验室large(long)-span structure 大跨结构lateral force on crane runaw
9、ay beam 吊车横向水平荷载lateral load 侧向力leeward 背风面lifted load 吊重limit state 极限状态live load 活荷载load code for the design of building structures 建筑结构荷载规范load combination 荷载组合load combination coefficient 荷载组合系数load effect 荷载效应lobby 大厅local area 局部部位local load 局部荷载longitudinal force on crane runaway beam 吊车纵向水平荷
10、载long-term deflection 长期变形magnification factor of wind fluctuation 脉动增大系数manned roof 上人屋面mass 质量material property 材料性能maximum wheel load 最大轮压mean roof height 平均屋面高度minimum potential energy principle 最小势能原理mode superposition 振型叠加法mountainous region 山区movable seats 活动座位multi degree-of-freedom system 多
11、自由度体系multi-defense system 多道设防体系occupancy category 房屋类别office building 办公楼on adjacent span 相邻跨on alternate span 隔跨on the entire span 满跨on the half span 半跨open-frame tower 敞开式塔架operating load 操作荷载operating room 手术室overturning 倾覆overturning moment 倾覆弯矩parapet wall 女儿墙partial safety factor for loads 荷载
12、分项系数partially enclosed structure 半敞开式结构partition load 隔墙荷载passenger vehicle 客车patient room 病房performance function 功能函数period for no.1 第一周期period reduction factor 周期折减系数permanent action（load） 永久作用（荷载）permanent load 永久荷载permanent partition 固定隔墙pitched roof 坡屋顶，斜屋面place of public assembly 人口密集处plant 厂房
13、platform 看台Poissons ratio 泊松比pond load 积水荷载portable partition 可移动隔墙primary load-resisting system 主要承重体系probability distribution 概率分布probability of failure 失效概率purlin 檩条quasi-permanent combinations 准永久组合quasi-permanent value 准永久值rated capacity 额定起重量（吊车）reading room 阅览室recurrence interval 重现期reducing
14、coefficient of live load 活荷载折减系数reduction of live load 活荷载折减reference snow pressure 基本雪压reference wind pressure 基本风压reliability 可靠性reliability index 可靠指标repeated service load 反复荷载representative value 代表值representative value of a load 荷载代表值representative value of gravity load 重力荷载代表值residential 住宅res
15、istance 抗力ridge 屋脊roof garden 屋顶花园roof live load 屋面活荷载roof slope 屋面坡度safety category 安全等级saw-toothed roof 锯齿形屋面scaffolding 脚手架self-straining force 自应力荷载serviceablility limit state 正常使用极限状态shape factor of wind load 风荷载体形系数shear modulus 剪切模量single degree-of-freedom system 单自由度体系single span monopitched
16、 roof 单跨单坡屋面skylight 天窗sliding 滑移snow load 雪荷载soil pressure 土压力stack room 书库stage 舞台stair 楼梯stair tread 踏步板statistical data 统计资料statistical parameter 统计参数steel rail 钢轨，轨道stiffness 刚度stiffness enlargement factor for middle-span beam 中梁刚度放大系数stiffness restraint of backfill soil to basement 回填土对地下室约束的相
17、对刚度storey drift 层间位移strain energy 应变能stress-strain relationship 应力应变关系strong shear weak bending 强剪弱弯suburban area 城市郊区take-off weight 起飞重量temporary partition 临时隔墙terrain roughness 地面粗糙度the most critical combination 最不利组合the most critical effect 最不利效应the worst case 最不利情况theatre 剧院time history analysi
18、s 时程分析transverse traveling load 横向行驶的荷载（吊车）tributary area 从属面积trolley 小车（吊车）tunnel test 风洞试验ultimate limit state 承载能力极限状态unbalanced accumulation 不均匀堆积unenclosed structure 敞开式结构unmanned roof 不上人屋面urban area 城市市区variable action（ load） 可变作用（荷载）variational principal 变分原理vertical component 竖向分量vertical element 竖向构件vertical load 竖向荷载virtual work 虚功wind fluctuation factor 脉动影响系数
