1、0 在职硕士英语强化班教材写作部分 0新东方在职硕士 07 强化班写作主讲：王兆飞欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材目 录第一章 写作简介.(1)第二章 历年写作真题 .(5)第三章 写作题型分类.(9)第四章 写作参考范文.(25)第五章 写作常见错误.(47)第六章 写作用词练习.(49)第七章 句子写作练习.(51)第八章 段落写作练习.(62)附录 写作练习答案.(69)1第一章 写作简介一、写作试题要求根据同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试大纲的规定，考生应具有用英语书面表达思想的基本能力。写作部分设一题，15 分。考试时间为 30 分钟。要求考生在规定的时间内按照题目要求用英语写
2、出一篇不少于 150 个词的短文。考试形式为根据提纲作文、看图作文、描述图表或根据一篇所给文章写出内容提要或读后感等。二、写作评分原则写作采用总体评分（Global Scoring）方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分（Reward Scores） ，而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。主要从内容和语言两个方面进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，和语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍有密切的关系。因此写作评分标准主要围绕四个方面：（1）内容切题；（2）能正确地表达思想；（3）意义连贯；（4）无重大语言错误。三、写作评分标
3、准阅卷标准共分为五等：2 分、5 分、8 分、11 分、14 分。具体标准如下：2 分条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。5 分基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。8 分基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。11 分切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14 分切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。注: 1）白卷,作文与题目毫不相关,或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想,则给 0 分。2）字数不足应酌情扣分（如题目中给出主题句,起始句,结束句,均不
4、得计入所写字数）3）规定内容未写全者，按比例扣分。四、写作评分实例实例一Directions: In this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words on The Increase in the Number of Chinese Traveling Abroad. Study the following chart carefully and base your composition on the information given in the chart.全国出境
5、旅游人数（百万）7.51012.1024681012141999 2000 20012 在职硕士英语强化班教材写作部分 21. State the changes in the number of Chinese traveling abroad in the past three years.2. Give possible reasons for the changes.From the chart, we can see the number of Chinese to travel abroad was just about 7.5 million. But a year later,
6、 in 2000, the number was nearly 10 million. In 2001, the number was the biggest of all: more than 12 million.Why more and more Chinese travel abroad? I think there are these reasons: First and foremost, the development of economy. People in China no longer need to worried about their food, their hou
7、se or everything they need. Their lives become richer and richer. So they have money to go abroad. Secondly, because China now more open than before, people can go abroad more easily.This phenomenon give an impetus to the development of our socity. It can also make peoples mind more open. It can str
8、onger relationship between China and other countries. We can know people abroad more closely and clearly. Whats more, we can prove our foreign language skill. As the chart shows, more and more Chinese have traveled abroad in the last decade. In 1999, only about 7.5 million people in this country wen
9、t overseas. However, the number drastically increased to about 12.1 million in 2001, which is about 60% more than that of the year 1999. There are three main reasons for this phenomenon. First, along with social and economy progress, the living standard of the Chinese people has greatly elevated. So
10、 they have enough money and time to go traveling. Second, more and more people want to broaden their vision by experiencing exotic cultures. Third, some people just want to relax themselves, enjoying beautiful scenery and visiting places of historical interest. Finally, the government encourages peo
11、ple to go traveling so as to stimulate the development of economy.Peoples traveling abroad has an effect on both themselves and the society. It can boost social economy and enhance cultural interaction, making our society prosperous and active. At the same time, the citizens will also become open-mi
12、nded. Its good for our nations progress. The chart illustrates what there are more and more people have chosen traveling abroad. The number of people to travel abroad was 7.5 millin in 1999, and was almost 10 millin in 2000. In 2001, the number was over 12.1 millin. Then whats reason that traveling
13、abroad have been occurred more popular in China? I think the reasons following:Firstly, because of the improvement of their lives. People are able to spend more money on their entainment. Secondly, with the development of entainment life, people are willing to expense on various relaxion ways. Third
14、ly, all country goverments offer all kinds of conditions and environments to the people from different countries. I think the phenomenon can enhance the development of traveling, it also can heighten the communication between different countries. And it can enhance the transmission of culture. In br
15、ief, the development of traveling, even the travelling abroad is good to economic and our life. For last three years, the total of people travel abroad is always increase. in 1999, the number is about 7.5. in 2000, there is a little to 10. in 2005, its more 12.1. 3These numbers let me to think the r
16、eason. Why is there so many people chosed traveling abroad. First, also important, the develop of the city. Second, there is two holilay last seven days. third, people distrobed by the store of other countrys which is free tax. The last, people want to away from the formal tension as far us. Our cou
17、ntrys station will be translate to the world because more and more people go abrod. And, will take back other things that our country do not have. There will be many children chose studing at abrod and China must improve itself in order to completing with other countries. and even there will be many
18、 languages who come the country find dream. Anymore, its good for the city that many people traveling abroad. We can see from the chart that only about 7.5 million people in China chose to travel abroad in 1999. But the number of people who traveled abroad increased dramatically in the following yea
19、r. In 2000, the number was nearly 10 million while in 2001, the number was 12.1 million, sixty percent more than that in 1999.I think there are two reasons for this phenomenon. The first is the improvement of peoples living standard. As people are earning more these years, they have more money to sp
20、end on recreations, such as traveling. The second is the extension of peoples mind. While more and more foreign culture enters China, people want to go abroad and experience it by themselves.Increasing number of people choosing to travel abroad may help people accept new things more easily. After pe
21、ople get some idea of how the foreigners are living, they will like to change things which are already out of date and try something new. 实例二Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Reading Selectively Or Extensively? You should write at least 150 wor
22、ds and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1有些人认为应该有选择性地读书。2有些人则认为应该博览群书。3我的观点。When it comes to reading, some people think that reading selectively is a good way, but some other people do not agree with them, they think that reading extensively is better.Those people, who t
23、hink that reading selectively is better, believe that good books are as many as bad books. Those good books can give us pleasure and knowledge, while those bad books can only lead us to the wrong way. So, they suggest that we should only choose the good books to read and never touch the bad books.Bu
24、t, the other people, who hold that reading extensively is better, think that one kind of books can only give us one aspect of knowledge. Even the best book only contains one field of information. So, they can easily come to the conclusion that “to know more, to read more”. So they believe that readi
25、ng extensively is better.To my point, we should choose good books to read and read good books as many as possible. By this way, we can increase the quality and quantity of reading.4 在职硕士英语强化班教材写作部分 4I think reading not only selectively but also extensively. Because the two sides are not contradict.
26、Our time is limited. So we can not read every book in the world. However, we will not be interested in every book. We should read those books may be useful to ours, read those books which we like. But those books which we choose must be extensively so it can give ours all kinds of knowledge, news an
27、d so on, it also make ours become a wise man. On the one hand reading selectively let ours not waste our time which it is limitted. Moreover it can emphasis among all books that we can read. On the other hand reading extensively can deal with all kinds of need in our life. They are all useful to our
28、s.Most people thought that read books should have been selectived. But others belived reading extentively was correction.Selective books or reading extensively?Sure, you can choice one from previous ideas,on one hand, There are too book to read for us. We should choose those which we intrested, and
29、it would be helpful for us.on another hand. Someones intresting was wide. Each book could bring you specific contain we couldnt reading at only one level.I confirmed all of these ideas were good but werent wise.As a reader, the main task is to discover more and more books the second task is to held
30、some which wonderful and helpful for us. Dont treat these books with rackless abandon.The best technology of reading is connect.How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view.Some people think we should read selectively. They argue that with the development
31、of modern science and technology, more and more books are published. It is impossible for us to read all the books. Whats more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldnt read them. Since we cant read all the books and we shouldnt read bad books, we must read selectivel
32、y.But others may not agree. They emphasize that todays society is not what it was If one man has many kinds of knowledge hell have more chances to succeed. If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless. Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read
33、extensively.Whos right? I think both of them have something right. But I think we should read extensively first. We should read books in many fields, and read selectively in one field.Some people think reading shall be choosed. Because some books are good to hummen beings and some books are harmful
34、to people.Some people think that men shoud read books widely. Because wide reading can help man get much knowledge. And man can use it to change the world.It is my point that reading must be selectively. Because reading is important to man. Some books can help man but some books can lead some people
35、 to crime. It can be seen in the newspapers and watched on TV. We can make full use of some good books and gain more useful knowledge. It can make our life more beauiful. We must give up those unhelpful books. They are not good to us. Reading them is wasting time and money. So reading selectively is
36、 an important part in reading.5第二章 历年写作真题2006 年Directions: In this part, you are to write a composition of no less than 150 words about “College Graduates Work as Village Officials”. You should write according to the outline given below. Please remember to write it clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.Some c
37、ollege graduates choose to work as village officials.1. Do you think it is a good idea? 2. What can they offer the countryside? 3. What can they gain from their village positions? 2005 年Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words on the topi
38、c “Whether College Students Should Be Allowed to Get Married” and youre your article on the following outline.1. Choose either of the two positions: College students should (not) be allowed to get married.2. State your reasons for or against the issue3. Conclusion 2004 年Directions: Read the story in
39、 Chinese below, and then write a composition of no less than 150 words under the title of “The Goal of Life”. Your composition should be based on the story and the following outline. 1. What have you learned from the story?2. What is the goal of your life? If you have achieved the goal of your life,
40、 what would you do?目 标在英国有一位残疾青年，他双腿走起路来很困难，却凭着坚强的信念和毅力创造了一次又一次的壮举：他 19 岁时登上了世界最高峰珠穆朗玛峰；21 岁时登上了阿尔卑斯山；22 岁时登上了乞力马扎罗山，28 岁前他登上了世界上所有著名的高山。然而，就在 28 岁这一年他自杀了。原来在他 11 岁时，他父母在攀登乞力马扎罗山时不幸遭遇雪崩双双遇难。他的父母临行前给他留下了遗嘱，希望他能象父母一样，登上世界上所有著名的高山。这位残疾青年把父母的遗嘱作为他人生奋斗的目标，当实现全部目标的时候，他感到前所未有的无奈和绝望。他留下遗言：“如今，功成名就的我感到无事可做了，
41、我没有了新的目标”2003 年Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words under the title of “What will money bring us, fortune or misfortune?” Your composition should be based on the following story given in Chinese. Give at least two reasons to support y
42、our choice.6 在职硕士英语强化班教材写作部分 6夺命之物一栋住宅楼发生了大火，一个中年男子在大火中丧生。奇怪的是，他 5 岁的儿子明明却逃了出来。有人问明明：“你是怎么逃出来的?”明明说：“我拿了一块湿毛巾捂住鼻子，贴在地上爬” ，这是科学有效的逃生方法。人们不解：“你爸爸不会这么做吗?”明明说：“会，是爸爸教我这么做的。爸爸和我一起爬到了门口，他说忘了一件东西，就又爬回去了。 ”参加救火的消防员说，他们发现那具男尸时，他的手里紧紧地攥着一沓百元大钞。于是，人们明白了：有一种东西杀人夺命，比大火还厉害。(摘自深圳青年第 3 期上半月刊，作者廖钧 )2002 年Directions:
43、 In this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words on The Increase in the Number of Chinese Traveling Abroad. Study the following chart carefully and base your composition on the information given in the chart.1. State the changes in the number of Chinese trave
44、ling abroad in the past three years.2. Give possible reasons for the changes.2001 年Directions: For this part, you are to write a composition of 120150 words on The Greatest Invention in the Past Century. In your composition, you should clearly state your opinion and give reasons to support your argu
45、ments. Write your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.2000 年Directions: For this part, you are to write a composition of 120150 words on Which is More Important, Wealth or Health? In your composition, you should clearly state your opinion and give reasons to support your arguments. Write your compositio
46、n on the ANSWER SHEET.1999 年全国出境旅游人数（百万）7.51012.1024681012141999 2000 20017Directions: For this part, you are to write a composition of no less than 120 words on The Qualities of the Cross-Century Talents. You should write according to the three-points outline give below. Please write it clearly on
47、the ANSWER SHEET.Outline: 1跨世纪人才应具备哪些素质2为什么需要具备这些素质3怎样才能成为跨世纪人才1998 年Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 100 words under the title of Why We work. You composition should be based on the following outline given in English.Outline: 1. Some peopl
48、e live to work2. Other people work to live3. Your opinion1997 年Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 100 words under the title of The Problems I Have in My English Study. You composition should be based on the following outline given in English.Outline: 1遇到了哪些困难2产生这些困难的原因3如何克服这些困难1996 年Directions: Migrant workers have made a great contribution to the prosperity of cities(外地民工为城市的繁荣作出了很大贡
