2013高考化学高频考点(历届真题归纳版).doc

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1、2012 高考化学高频考点 高频考点一:选择题离子能否大量共存、元素化合物(碱金属、Al 、Zn、Mg、Fe、Cl、S、P、N 的单质及其化合物的化学式、性质、用途、离子鉴别等) 、阿伏加德罗常数、阿伏加德罗定律及其推论、物质的量的计算、元素的“位构性”关系、同位素的原子结构、常见分子的空间结构、晶体的类型与性质、外界条件对化学反应速率及平衡移动的影响、原电池原理、电解原理、官能团的结构及性质、同分异构体、同系物、氧化还原反应、热化学方程式的书写及正误判断、盐类水解、pH 值的简单计算及与溶液酸碱性的关系、弱电解质的电离平衡及移动、多步反应关系式的确定、实验方案设计及评价。高频考点二:推断题推

2、断题包括无机推断和有机推断。无机部分框图题:突破口(特征反应、特殊现象、特殊颜色、重复出现的物质、特殊反应条件、特殊量的关系) ;推断题:物质结构(核外电子排布、晶体性质) 、典型物质的化学性质等;方程式的书写:审题(离子方程式或化学方程式) 、充分利用信息写出并配平(先氧化还原,再电荷守恒,后质量守恒) 。有机部分反应类型:加成,取代(硝化、酯化、磺化、水解) ,氧化(加氧、去氢) ,还原(加氢、去氧) ,消去(醇、卤代烃) 、加聚,缩聚等(从结构改变判断) ;化学式书写:注意题目要求(结构式、结构简式,化学式) ;化学方程式书写:生成有机物时别漏无机物,注意配平;有机合成:信息的使用;框图

3、分析、官能团的改变特别要注意等。 )高频考点三:实验题实验考查在试题中的比重越来越大,搞好实验复习对提高分数有着至关重要的作用。实验部分试剂存放:广口瓶、细口瓶、棕色瓶、密封等;药品的取用;温度计的使用:液面下、支管口处、水浴中、溶液中等;实验操作的注意事项:醛的二个典型反应(反应环境问题) 、酯化反应(饱和 Na2CO3 溶液的作用) 、苯酚与浓溴水(沉淀存在) 、实验室制乙烯的温度、Fe(OH)2 的生成操作(滴管在液面下) 、几种仪器的读数(天平、量筒、滴定管等) 、气密性检查:常用方法、特殊方法;喷泉实验原理;尾气吸收的方法(导管、倒置漏斗、球形干燥管、燃烧) ;气体制备;装置连接顺序

4、:(制备除杂干燥验纯检验收集性质实验尾气处理) ;接口处理(强氧化剂存在时橡胶管的处理) ;定量实验:原理、计算依据、称量(往往仪器与药品一起称) 、气体收集(排液体法) 、误差分析(根据表达式) ;实验步骤:排序(气密性检查在装药品前) 、操作书写(定量实验注意平行实验二次以上) ;失败原因分析:漏气、条件控制不好、气体通入速度过快、冷却时吸水、干扰等;物质的检验、分离和提纯:物理方法、化学方法分离和提纯物质,物质的检验通常有鉴定、鉴别和推断三类,它们的共同点是:依据物质的特殊性质和特征反应,选择适当的试剂和方法,准确观察反应中的明显现象,如颜色的变化、沉淀的生成和溶解、气体的产生和气味、火

5、焰的颜色等,进行判断、推理;化学实验方案设计与评价。唤起迅捷激情 震撼学子心灵2012 高考英语完形圣经秘诀教案透 过已知信息 推断未知信息不易策略,扫描选项,在万变中找到不变的规律! 简易策略,瞻前顾后,化繁为简,化难为易!变易策略,左顾右盼,以变制变,熟能生巧!首尾段首尾句,边做边看选项中与中心同现词或复现词!扫描选项 同义词 / 同类词排除高频答案词相反项有解同现思路 瞻前顾后 复现 逻辑结构左顾右盼 P 原则关联结构技巧归纳: 感情色彩 时态暗示法 动词综合法(主语/宾语是人是物? 及不及物? 过程还是结果?.), . (略) 共 20 多项法则,交叉都指向同一个答案才最准确!满分策略

6、: 五四运动法 串线交叉法 主线贯穿法, .(略) 节选教案试看!瞻前顾后 同现 复现 逻辑结构同现中心同现是指段落的首段的中心词或段落中反复出现的名词或名词词组,在被选空格内的句子中也重复出现或与其意思倾斜向;词汇同现是指属于同一词汇搭配范畴或者某一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现,达到语义衔接的目的。一般来说,上下文中词汇的范畴越小,上下文的衔接关系越紧密。首段首句一般都是中心句,名词是核对重点!Then , mountain - climbing began to grow popular as a sport. To some people, there is something great

7、ly _28_ about getting to the _29_ of a high mountain: a struggle against nature is finer than a battle _30_other human begins. And then , when you are at the mountain top after a long and difficult _31_, what a _32_ reward ( 奖品 ) it is to be able to look _33_ on everything within _34_! At such time

8、, you feel happier and prouder than you can ever feel down _35_. 与首尾句名词 动词 形容词 副词倾向!28.A.excited B. interested C.dangerous D.terrible 32.A.surprising B.excited C.disappointing D.astonishing Dorothy Brown was very happy as she sat in the theatre listening to the music. Today her little daughter Laure

9、n was giving her _1_ concert. She had been waiting for this _2_ for years and years. “Now it is here at last,” she thought. “How beautiful her _3_ is.”The song made her _4_ to the days when she was Laurens _5_. As a young _6_, Dorothy wanted to be a concert singer. She studied _7_ in France, Italy a

10、nd in the United States. “You can become a fine _8_ in the future,” her teachers told her. “But you must be _9_ to study hard and work for many years. 3. A. voice B. face C. dress D. life7. A. French B. music C. piano D. dance8. A. actress B. student C. singer D. dancerK抓住中心意思-围绕什么话题 (在文章中出现频率最多的词)E

11、very Thursday afternoon, my art history class meets not in our usual lecture hall ( 演讲厅 ) but in our university Art Museum. We spend our one-hour class discussing two or there of the _1_, many of which are by artists that we have already studied in class. The professor begins by selecting one _2_ of

12、 art. After giving us a quick background on the artist , he will open up for class _3_. 1. A. subjects B. paintings C. speeches D. lectures仅有技巧和词汇是不够的,高频答案词及短语, 是突破的关键! 但相当多的具体情况和难以处理的选项, 做起来还是有些吃力, 怎么办?吴军老师刚刚出炉的 2012 高考英语完形暗示点全归纳将使您傲视群雄!宾语从句是特殊疑问句 WH-或 whether/if 时,要选下列动词:ask, doubt, wonder, want t

13、o know, know, guess答题选动词:2011 全国新课标卷The professor 37 the lecture hall, placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans(豆), and invited the students to 38 how many beans the jar contained. After 39 shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin, dry smile, announced the 40 answer

14、, and went on saying, “You have just 41 an important lesson about science.38. Acount B. guess C. report D. watch考察动词,或根据后文 wildly wrong guesses 的提示,考虑复现选 B。反过来选 WH-或 whether/if:2011 安徽卷One afternoon. I walked into a building to ask 41 there were any job opportunities(机会),The people there advised me

15、not to continue my job search in that 42 .41. A. why B. wherever C. whether D. whenever一天,作者走进一座大楼去问“是否”(whether)有自己能做的工作。选 C。A 项为“为什么”; B 项为“无论在那”;D 项为“无论何时”怎么样?这样做题快吗?为了让您更加深信不疑,我们再免费发布一个法则,你可以马上用下列真题或你学校的模拟练习题来验证一下,好使,就要赶紧预定呦!每省仅限定 10 套,额满即!止正面的,积极的,肯定的, 还是负面的,消极的,否定的?“Im sorry, but we have enoug

16、h 27 for the newspaper already. Come back next year and well talk then.” Jenna smiled 28 and left. “Why is high school so 29 ?” she sighed.叹气 sighed 说明是勉强的,选消极的 weakly28. A. widely B. weakly C. excitedly D. brightlyTired and sad,she told her story 38 ,not to anyone in particular.38.A.tearfully B.ser

17、iously C.carefully D.calmlyIt seems funny that we are _40_ for things, with which we are unfamiliar or about which we are _41_, but we all, my friends as well as I, consider this one of lifes _42_ .41. A. uncertain B. unhappy C. not pleased D. careful 2011 四川卷I truly feel that my mother led me here,

18、 to Morzaine, and to my future as a happy wife and businesswoman. When Mum 21 in October 2007, I was a cook. In December that year. while I was working for a wedding, a pearl necklace Mum had left me 22 . I was distraught(忧心如焚的) .Some days later, I was 23 that a guy who was working with us that day.

19、 “could probably have made a fortune 24 he necklace he found.” 25 , he returned it. 22.A. burned B. disappeared C . broke D. dropped 22 空就近 distraught(忧心如焚的)是负的,只有 disappear 是负的;burn 燃烧;break打破;drop 降低,落下。有后文的我感到“忧心如焚”及“归还”(return)可知此处是指项链丢失了。B2011 安徽卷Nearly ten minutes later, he 45, He asked me abo

20、ut my plans and encouraged me to stay 46 . Then he offered to take me to Royal Oak to 47 a job. 积极的!I was a little surprised. but had a 48 feeling about him. Along the way ,I realized that I had 49 resumes(简历). Seeing this, the man 50 at his business partners office to make me fifteen 51 copies. He

21、also gave me some 52 on dressing and speaking. I handed out my resumes and went home feeling very 53 . The following day, I received a 54 from a store in Royal Oak offering me a job.46. A. silent B. busy C. positive D. comfortable他问了问我的打算,鼓励我要振作起来,不要灰心。选 C。A 项为“ 沉默不语的”;B 项为“忙绿的” ;C 项为“积极乐观的,有信心的”;D

22、项为“ 舒适的,舒服的”。48. A. dull B. good C. guilty D. general作者对他的主动帮助感到有点惊奇,但是对他充满了“好感 ” (good feeling)。选 B。A 项为“阴暗的,无趣的” ;C 项为 “内疚的”;D 项为“ 一般的,普通的”。53. A. lonely B. funny C. disappointed D. satisfied我分发完简历回到家感到非常“满意”(satisfied)。选 D。A 项为“寂寞的,孤独的” ;B 项为“滑稽的,可笑的” ;C 项为 “失望的,沮丧的”。2011 四川卷Some days later, I wa

23、s 23 that a guy who was working with us that day. “could probably have made a fortune 24 the necklace he found.” 25 , he returned it. Hearing how Id 26 Mum for six months before her death, he said, “Christmas is going to be 27 why not go out to the Alps for a couple of weeks?27.A.long B. hard C. mer

24、ry D. freedeath.在 27 空附近是负的,B 项对应。在万家团圆的圣诞节,母亲刚去世,对我来说一定很难熬。B吴军英语高分密码真的有这么神奇吗?是!一点儿没错!效果是绝对的真实!作为一种标准化考试,选择题本身是有很多缺陷的,这些缺陷就是暗示点,就是解题的突破口!吴军英语高分密码通过对历年真题的长时间的研究,对这些暗示点进行了全面、深入、细致的挖掘和整理,将其转化为超级解题秘诀!每一个秘诀的准确率都在 95%以上,甚至是 100% 吴军英语高分密码,真正做到了立竿见影!甚至是一剑封喉!马上用吴军英语高分密码对照历年所有的高考真题进行逐一的验证吧! 遇到吴军老师,您太幸运了!请上 或

25、上百度, 输入“沈阳高分英语家教吴军“查询!现在预定吴军 2012 高考英语高分秘诀系统教案巨划算!2012 高考英语 完形圣经 秘诀教案 原价 3200 元 现 5 折 1600 元2012 高考英语 3 天提分秘诀教案 原价 6000 元 现 6 折 3600 元2012 高考英语高频答案词汇教案 原价 5000 元 现 5 折 2500 元2012 年 4 月初恢复原价!“值”言不讳 “笑”益无穷我们是高考高分英语的实践者;我们是高考快速提分的挑战者; 迎接 2012 高考,我们信心十足!我们是一群眼界开阔的国际人! 加油,Come on!情人的眼:十本金牌教案 =火箭式提分!(好喜欢!

26、)冬天的梅花,非常耀眼.其实,梅花开的并不艳丽,只是因为你喜欢她,所以才心明眼亮.如果到了百花盛开的春天,你能身在花丛眼不花,还能看到淡淡素素的梅花吗?高考英语也经常遇到这种情景,有时已知条件非常之多,提供的信息诱惑也非常之泛.此时,你能“ 情有独钟”地筛选出你需要的她吗?诗人的心:洞穿作者、命题人思维轨迹!(高考漏题啦?!)七品芝麻官,说的是这个官很小,就是芝麻那么小的一点. 阿里巴巴用“芝麻开门” ,讲的是“以小见大”. 就是那点芝麻,竟把那个庞然大门给“点”开了. 以点成线、以点带面、两线交点、三线共点、还有顶点、焦点、极限点等等,足以说明“点”的重要性. 要有诗人般的细心和灵感,发现这些隐藏起来的点!英雄的胆:敢于呐喊,考试有捷径!(为时不晚!)西餐宴上,摆着漂亮的什锦比萨. 众人虽然都在称好,但没有一人动手. 原来这东西罩在一个透明的“玻璃盒”里,不知从哪儿打开,大家只好故作谦让,互相叫“请”.

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