1、完形填空测试特点和应试策略 2 (发表于 2009 年 12 月 8 日 10 时 57 分 21 秒 ) 阅读： 0 (二) 运用篇章技巧 一个完整的语篇，一篇内容充实，结构合理，行文流畅的短文所依赖的不只是词汇和语法，更多的是篇章技巧。作者借助于篇章技巧成文，同学们在复现作者的语言时同样可以借助篇章技巧。完形填空毕竟不同于单项选择，作为一个意思连贯，结构完整的语篇，其中篇章技巧的使用是完形填空解题中至关重要的手段。 1. 运用词汇复现技巧： 复现有原词复现、同义词复现、反义词复现、同根词复现、概括词复现等。完形填空中，考生可以利用上下文的复现信息，确定正确的表达方式。 1) 原词复现 为了
2、表达的需求，在具体的上下文中同一概念重复出现。考生可以借助于上下文中这一信息选择答案。如： It can be said that foreign _74_ that makes the faculty member from abroad an asset also (creates) problems of adjustment, both for the university and for the individual. Both the visiting professor and his students (lack) background in each others cultu
3、re. 74. A. situation B. background C. circumstances D. condition 四个选项都表示“情况“ 的概念,而一个外籍老师的“ 情况“又该用什么词来表达,通过文章后半部的阅读考生就不难发现 background 一词，便可判断此处答案为 B。 As the plane circled over the airport, everyone sensed that something was wrong. Moving the pilot (aside), the man took his seat and listened carefully
4、 to the (urgent) instructions that were being sent by radio from the airport (below). The plane was now dangerously close (to) the ground, but to everyones (relief), it soon began to climb. The man had to _84_ the airport several times in order to become (familiar) with the controls of the plane. Fo
5、llowing _88_, the man guided the plane toward the airfield. 84. A. surround B. circle C. observe D. view 88. A. impressions B. information C. inspections D. instructions 从上文中的 circled 可以推断 84“在机场上盘旋“应该是 B。从上文中 listened to the instructions 可以判断 88 为 D。这样，84 为上文中 circle 的复现；follow instructions 为listen
6、 to instructions 的复现。 Again, a word from one language may pass into other languages and _74_ a new meaning. So, in Spanish the word “etiquette“ today is used to _77_ the small tags which a store (attached ) to a suit, a dress or a bottle. The word “etiquette“ in French, (however), gradually develope
7、d a different meaning. (Thus) the word “etiquette“ began to indicate a system of correct manners for people to follow. 74. A. developed B. pick C. change D. bases 77. A. show B. indicate C. hold D. design 一个单词出现的新的意思，用来表示什么表达方式可以从下文的复现信息(黑体字) 判断。这样考生就用不着为各选项之间的辨析而头痛。 2) 同义词、近义词复现 同义词，近义词是借助意思相同或相近的表
8、达方式，或解释性的语言使上下文语意得以连接起来。做完形填空时，考生应注意分析上下文中出现的解释性语言。如： Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the students. It is the _80_responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. A. students b. professors C. assistants D. librarians 从前面的 responsibilities fo
9、r learning lie with the students 可以判断查找材料也应该是“学生“的责任，所以答案为 A。 That “something special“ was men - (creative) individuals who could invent machines, The men who _76_ the machines of the Industrial Revolution (came) from many backgrounds and many occupations. Most of the people who _87_ the machines of
10、 the Industrial Revolution were inventors, not trained scientists. 76. A. employed B. created C. operated D. controlled 87. A. proposed B. developed C. supplied D. offered 从上下文来看，这一部分所谈论的是人发明机器的事情。从复现信息(黑体字) ，可以推断，76、87 都应该是与发明有关的词语。从这一点出发，就不难判断，76 答案为 B；87 答案为B。 An inventor or one interested in app
11、lied science is (usually) trying to make something that has a concrete _83_. 83. A. plan B. use C. idea D. means applied science 即“ 应用科学 “，从 apply 一词可以看出下文复现的应该是 “用“这一概念，所以 83 答案为 C。 3) 反义词复现 语意的连贯有时通过对比的结构采用反义复现的手段，或者是以反义的方式对前文加以解释。在考试中，考生应注意分析这类概念复现，从反义的角度判断正确的选项。 Forcing yourself to recall (almos
12、t) never helps because it doesnt _ your memory; it only tightens it. 81. A. loosen B. weaken C. decrease D. reduce 前后两部分互为解释，一为肯定，一为否定，为反义复现。从下文的 tighten 可以判断，上文应该是选 loosen。 There are four types of blood. _67_ types are found in every race, and no type is distinct to any race. 67. A. All B. Most C.
13、No D. Some 并列连词 and 说明前后语意一致，那么，前后应该是反义复现，与 no 反义的自然是 A(all) 。 4) 同源词复现 对于上下文语意复现的表达，考生还借助复现信息的同源词。如以下各例： Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the students. If a long reading assignment is given, the instructors expect students to be familiar with the (information) i
14、n the reading When research is _78_, the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with (minimum) guidance. 78. A. collected B. assigned C. distributed D. finished 该部分作者通过两个例子说明，应该有学生负责自己的学习，都是从“布置作业“方面解释。说明布置阅读作业时要求学生如何；布置研究作业时又该要求学生如何。两个例子概念复现，借助于 give reading assignment
15、 的表达方式，可以确定 78 应该是 B，构成 assign research的结构。 (Although) these wide modern roads are generally (smooth) and well maintained, with (little) sharp curves and many straight (sections) others are uneven road _85_ through the country. 85. A. driving B. curving C. crossing D. travelling 上文中提高高速公路上的弯道时用的是 cu
16、rve，85 复现“弯道“的概念，用的应该是与 curve 有关的动词，即 curving。 5) 上义词复现 上义词具有概括的作用。在写作中，有时为了表达的需要，作者会先概述，再分述。概述时用的为上义词，分述则用比较具体的下义词。在解答完形填空时，考生应注意分析这中分总关系，选择适当的表达方式。 Regardless of his method, he is working to obtain a _85_ result: the construction of a harvesting machine, the burning of a light bulb, or one of (man
17、) other objectives. 85. A. single B. sole C. specialized D. specific 冒号后自然是对上文的解释，从解释的内容来看，三者统一于一个概念之下：specific 为具体，所以答案为 D。 Consider the everyday English _87_ “Goodbye“. 87. A. expression B. statement C. proverb D. conversation Goodbye 为所填之词的同位语，goodbye 为下义词，其上义词应该是 A(expression)。 2运用词汇同现技巧 同现指意义上相
18、互联系的单词同时出现在同一语篇当中。一个语篇，一个话题，要求与之相连的词汇。由于单词意义的差别、所使用的语域不同，因此所适应的上下文也各有别。为了保证语篇的和谐性，得体性，有必要一话题为中心，了解有相关单词组成的词汇链。 1)场所同现 This is thought to be a _89_ where further study is called (for). 89. A. a scope B. field C. range D. district “研究“就有研究的“ 领域“、研究的“课题“、从事研究的“ 人员“。所以“ 研究“与“领域“是同现，答案自然就是 B。 Another (wa
19、y) to divide the study of _80_ is to distinguish between physical geography and cultural geography. The former focuses on the natural world; the _81_ starts with human beings and _82_ how human beings and their environment act (upon) each other. But when geography is considered as a single subject,
20、_84_ branch can neglect the other. 80. A. world B. earth C. globe D. geography 81. A. second B. next C. later D. latter 82. A. learns B. studies C. realizes D. understands 84. A. neither B. to C. one D. by 从文章主题(也就是话题)来看，本短文所谈论的是“地理“。地理作为一门“科学“有其“ 研究“的内容。所以，geography, science, study 是同现词汇, 80 答案为 D，
21、这从下文分述中的复现也可证明；82 答案为 B，是同现动词。 从上文 former 的使用可以推断 82 答案为 D，因 former 与 latter 为结构同现。 最后 the other 的使用说明只有两个，况且这一段所讨论的就是两种地理观的区别，那么两者都不自然就是 neither， 也就是说 neither 与 the other 本来是同现关系。 2)修饰同现 (Although) these wide modern roads are generally _72_ and well maintained, with (little) sharp curves and many s
22、traight _74_, a direct route is not always the most (enjoyable one). 72. A. stable B. smooth C. splendid D. complicated 74. A. selections B. separations C. series D. sections 本题涉及到名词同现和形容词同现。与高速公路同现的形容词自然应该?quot;平坦“ ，有高速公路同现的名词自然有路段。由此来判断可知 72 答案为 B，74 答案为 D。 3)因果同现 Furthermore, these highways gener
23、ally _77_ large urban centers which means that they become crowded with _78_ traffic during rush hours. 77. A. lead B. connect C. collect D. communicate 78. A. large B. fast C. light D. heavy 道路的作用是连接人们有去之处,目的是为了交通,因此,highways, connect, traffic 为同现词汇，而与 traffic 同现的形容词有 light, heavy。由此可见 77 答案为 B，78
24、答案可为 C，也可为 D。但与 rush hour 同现的却只能是 heavy traffic，所以 78 题答案为 D。 4)结构同现 _84_ of these are good two-lane roads; others are uneven roads (curving) through the country. 84. A. All B. Lots C. Several D. Some 如果考生熟悉 some 与 others 结构上的同现关系，就用不着在分析数量上下功夫，答案自然可得。 Never ask a child _64_ he likes or dislikes a f
25、ood and never (discuss) likes and dislikes in front of or allow (anyone) else to do so. 64. A. whether B. what C. that D. which 本题考查的乃是结构同现，与 or 搭配的只有 whether，即 A。 5)同义同现 If a student has problem with classroom work, the student should either _89_ a professor during office hours _90_ make an appointment. 89. A. greet B. attach C. approach D. annoy 90. A. or B. and C. to D. but 90 与 either 构成结构同现 either or，89 与 make an appointment 为近义同现。make an appointment 就是 approach(接近)老师的一种方式，所以 89 题答案为 C。
