1、先行词有下列情况或附有下列修饰语时,通常 关系代词 that1)先行词是 all,no none,everyone, something,much, little 等2)先行词前有序数词,形容词最高级 ,the last,the same,the only 等.3)如果先行词中既含有表示人 的名词又有表示物的名词时.4)若主句中有疑问代词 who,which 为了避免重复, 关系代词不要再用 who,which.5）如有 两个定语从句 ，其中一个关系词已用过，则另一个用 that.that 和 which 一样用一个6）用作关系代词，修饰表示时间的名词，如 day,time,moment 等，
2、代替 when.I arrived here the day _ when/that _ he left.He worked hard the whole time _he livedHe hurried into the airport the moment _ _ _ the plane was about to take off.7）定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念时，需用 that。8）当先行词为 way 时，定于从句的引导词可用 in which, that 或省略引导词。Eg.I dont like the way _ you speak to her.1.This is all
3、_I know about the matter.A.that B.what C.who D.whether2Is there anything else_you require?A.which B.that C.who D.what3.The last place _we visited was the Great Wall.A.which B.that C.where D.it4.He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school.A.which B.that C.it D.whom
4、5.There is no dictionary_you can find everything.A.that B.which C.where D.in that6.This is one of the best books_.A.that have ever been writtenC.that has writtenB.that has ever been written D.that have written7.He wrote a letter to me,telling me everything_ _ _he saw on the way to the Paris.A.what B
5、.that C.which D.where8.Is oxygen the only gas_helps fire burn?A.that B./ C.which D.it9.Is there anything_to you?A.that is belonged B.that belongsC.which belongs D.that belong10.The scientist and his achievements_you toldme about are admired by us all.A.which B.that C.who D.whose11.Which of the books
6、_were borrowed fromhim is the best?A.which B.what C.that D.whose介词关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择,方法一是看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词(习惯搭配), 再则可以通过整个句子整体含义来判断,结合生活实际来判断.2.Ill never forget the day_I joined the League.A.on which B.in which C.which D.at which7.He built a telescope_he could study the skies.A.in which B.with that
7、C.through which D.by it8.Do you know the reason_he was late?A.that B.which C.for what D.for which11.China has many rivers,_the Changjiang River is the longest.A.which B. in which C.among which D. one of which12.This is the very knife_I used to cut apples yesterday. A.that B.by which C.which D.with w
8、hich14.In the park there are many flowers,the colour_of_which is bright and nice.17.They held a meeting,_in_which the hospital director made a speech.18.The book,_for_which he paid 6 yuan,is worth reading.20.The villagers dug along tunnel_through_which they could go to the fields without being found
9、 by the Japanese soldiers.22.The stories about Long March,_of_which this is one example,are well written.as ,which 均可以引出非限制性定语从句,如都指前一句话的意思 ,二者可以互换.as 引导的从 句可以放在句首,as 本身有“正如.正象”.一类的含义. 与之连用的词有 know,see,expect,announce,point out 等.此外,在 the sameassuch.as.中 as 引导的是限制性定语从句.1._was natural,he married Jenn
10、y.A.Which B.That C.This D.As2.Such signs_we use in the experiment_Greek letters. A.as ,are B.as,is C.that,are D.that,is3.I passed him a large glass of whisky,_ he drank immediately . A.that B.as C.which D.who4.She is very good at dance,_everybody knows.A.that B.which C.who D.as5.It was raining,_was
11、a pity.A.what B.that C.the which D.which6._has been said above,grammar is a set of dead rules. A.Which B.What C.That D.As7.We do the same work_they do. A.which B.as C.than D.like在实践中要注意定语从句与其它从句的结构上的细微差别,能够正确区分使用它们.1A.Is this the factory_a_you visited last year?B.Is this factory_d_you visited last y
12、ear?a.that b.where c.in which d.the one2.A.Mr Smith is one of those foreigners who_d_ working in China.B.Mr Smith is the only one of those foreigners who_a_working in China.a.is b.has c.have d.are3.A.Dont discuss questions such_c_those.B.Lets discuss only the questions_b_we are interested in.a.which
13、 b.that c.as d.about which4.A. All_c_I need is a good rest. a.What b.All what B. _a_I need is a good rest. c.that d.Which 5.A.Pisa is a city, _a_ has a leaning tower.B.Pisa is a city,_c_there is a leaning tower.a.which b.that c.where d.there6.A.This is the place_a_we visited last year.B.This the pla
14、ce_b_we worked last year.a.which b.where c. in that d.there7.A.The news_c_he told us was very exciting.B.He has brought us the news_c_our team has won the game.a.what b.as c.that d.where8.It is in a box_a_I have hidden my money.Well go_c_we are needed.a.that b.in which c.where d.in it修饰物体时关系代词 that
15、和 which 的区分使用 that 的情况：1、当先行词是 nothing, something, anything, all, each 等不定代词时。eg. Do you have anything that is important to tell me?2、当先行词被 all, any, some, no, not, every, each 等修饰时。 eg. I have some books that are very good.3、当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。eg. This is the first book that I bought myself. The b
16、iggest bird that I caught is this bird. 4、当先行词被 the very, the last, the next, the only 等词修饰时。eg. This is the very book that I lost yesterday.5、当先行词又有人又有物时。eg. I wont forget the things and the persons that I saw.6、定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念时，需用 that。e.g. A plane is a machine that can fly.只能使用 which 的情况。1、非限制性
17、定语从句中。eg. Mary has a book, which is very precious.2、在介词之后。eg. This is a house in which lives an old man.3、当主句中的主语被 that 修饰时。eg. That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary.修饰人时关系代词 that 和 who, whom 的区分。1、当主句中的主语是 who 时，只能用 that。eg. Who is the girl that is standing over there?2、在非限制性定语从句中以及介
18、词后面时只能用 who 或者 whom。eg. I have a son, who is really lovely and interesting.There are 40 students in the class, most of whom are boys.3、以下情况只能用 who: 先行词为 one, ones, anyone, those 指人时。 在 there be 结构中，主语为人时，其后的定语从句宜用 who。 表人的先行词有较长的后置定语时。 表人的先行词带有两个定语从句，其中一个的关系代词为 that，另一个用 who 避免重复。1. The person I wan
19、t to learn from is one _ studies hard and works well.2. Theres a gentleman _ wants to see you.3. I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon _ could speak Chinese very well.4. The student that was praised at yesterdays meeting is the monitor _ is very modest and works very hard.4、以下情况只能用 whom，
20、当关系代词前面有介词时I think one should stay faithful to the person to _ one is married.5、whose 既可指人又可指物，在从句中作定语，其后紧跟名词。whose +表人的名词of whom + the + 表人的名词whose +表物的名词of which + the + 表物的名词1. This is the girl _whose_ wallet was stolen yesterday.2. This is the girl _of whom_ the wallet was stolen yesterday.3. I
21、like the book _whose_ cover is red.4. I like the book _of which_ the cover is red.关系代词 whose 既能修饰人，也能修饰物，在定语从句中充当定语，修饰先行词，可用在非限定定语从句eg. She is the girl whose English sounds very beautiful.Mary has a very good dog, whose hair turns out white and black. 例子：Under the big tree are 34 students, many of t
22、hem whom come from class two.She is one of the girls who is are very interested in mathsTom is the only one of the boys who like likes playing football.关系代词 as 的用法及其与 which 的区别。1、关系代词 as 在定语从句中指代整件事，充当句中的主语或者宾语，它经常和 the same, such, as 一起搭配使用，共同构成一个固定词组。eg. As we all know, he is a famous scientist.He
23、 is a diligent boy, as is expected.She has the same book as you have.2、关系代词 as 可以放在句子的开头，可以使用 被动语态，而关系代词 which 则不可以。请比较：As everyone knows, it is necessary to build a hospital in this small town.It is necessary to build a hospital in this small town, which is clear to us.Our department will hold the
24、meeting,as is known by us.3、当从句和主句语义一致时，用 as，反之则用 which。She has married again, as was expected.She has married again, which was unexpected.4、as 在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如 be known，be said，be reported 等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用 which 作主语。e.g. She has been late again, as was expected.Tom has made great progre
25、ss, which made us happy.5、as 用于 the same as, suchas的句型中。但 the sameas指的是与先行词同类的事物，而 the samethat指的是与先行词同一的事物。as 还可以修饰一个主句。常译为 “正如”,已形成了一些固定搭配，可放在主句之前或之后。如： as we all know, as is known to all, as we all see, as is often said, as was usual, asis expected, as is reported, as is hoped 。而 which 也可修饰一个句子，但
26、必须放在主句之后，和主句形成因果关系。I found the same pen _A_ I had lost the day before.A. that B. asThe street hasnt been cleaned for weeks, _B_ makes it very dirty.A. as B. which关系副词 when, where, why 的用法以及与关系代词的区分。1、关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状语，当一个句子能够完整地表达一个意思时，我们就可以给这个句子加上特定的关系副词。eg. I wont forget the time when I got marrie
27、d.Have you still remember the days when we stayed together?This is the place where we had a good time.Is this the house where Mr Smith lives?I dont know the reason why he wont join us.2、关系副词 when, where 和关系代词 that, which 的区分。同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用 where，有时使用that/which；同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用 when，有时使用 that/which。主要看
28、两点：一是定语从句是否完整，完整时用关系副词，不完整时用关系代词；二是定语从句中的谓语动词是否是一个及物动词，是及物动词时关系副词，不是及物动词时关系代词三是用句意来判断：eg.This is the last time that Ive given you lessons.请比较以下句子：This is the park that we visited last year. （不完整）This is the park where we held a birthday party. （完整）She wont forget the days that she spent on the islan
29、d. （不完整）She wont forget the days when they stayed together. （完整）Thats the date that she wont forget forever. （不完整）Thats the date when we went to the college. （完整）I like the time that we had together. （不完整）I like the time when we lived together. （完整）易错：Tom has forgotten the day _when_ he left his hom
30、e.Tom has forgotten the day _that_ I told him last day.She still remembers the year _when_ she found her first job.She still remembers the year _that_ she spent in Jining3、 关系副词 when, where, why 和介词+which 之间的关系。关系副词 when, where, why 可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at+which, where=in/on/at+which, why=
31、for+which 介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。eg. I wont forget the date when( on which) I was born.This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in.I dont know the reason why (for which) he havent come today.The reason why he explained it sounds reasonable.Tom still remember
32、s the days when (in which) they lived in Tianjin. 注意：1、当先行名词为表时间、地点、原因（reason ）的名词时，如果从句不缺主语或宾语，定语从句的引导词用 when, where, why，可以转换为相应的介词+which。2、常见的不及物动词有：work, happen, stay, live, lie, stand, sit,go, come, fly, run, arrive, laugh, fall, hesitate, last, belong, step;而 visit, spend 为及物动词。当主句完整，从句不缺主语或宾语
33、时：1. 如果从句前有可以修饰的名词，并且此先行名词为：表地点、时间的名词从句为由 where 或 when 引导的定语从句，此时可等于相应的介词+whichquestion/ problem/ idea 从句为疑问副词引导的同位语从句其它名词，并且引导词后紧接一个与先行名词构成所属关系从句为由 whose 或 of whom/ which 引导的定语从句其它名词从句为由介词+关系代词 whom/which 的定语从句2. 如果从句前没有可修饰的名词，则可考虑从句为状语从句。用 when, where 或介词+ 关系代词填空，并判断下面从句的类型：1、These books are for t
34、he students _whose_ native language is not English.（定从）2、We will put off the picnic until next week, _when/during which_ the weather may be better.（定从）3、He has reached the point _where/at which_a change is needed.（定从）4、We havent yet settled the question _where_ we are going to spend our summer vacat
35、ion. （同位语从句）5、Put in articles in the following passages _where_ it is necessary.（状语从句）6、We will put on a performance to celebrate the coming of National Day tomorrow, _when_ we have finished class（状语从句） 7、I have no idea _when_ I d better visit Mr. Smith tomorrow,who is an American and has a differen
36、t view of time. （同位语从句）8、This is the teacher _from whom_ we have learnt a lot. （定从）9、The film _of which_ Im speaking is to be shown at the cinema next week.（定从）限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句1、限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开引导词：关系代词和关系副词，作宾语时一些关系代词可以省略2、非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整.用逗号把主句和从句分开引导词：who,who
37、m,whose,which,of which,when,where 等，不用 that（只有 that 不引导非限定性定语从句）,不能省略关系代词前介词的确定1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im sure.3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g. 1949 was the year
38、 in which the P.R.C. was founded.4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词 + of + 关系代词”的结构，如：e.g. There are 50 students in our class, two- thirds of whom have been to Beijing.5. Whose 从句可转换为“ of + 关系代词”型，如：e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.They lived in a house, of which the door opens
39、 to the south.They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions:1. The sun gives us heat and light, _without_ which we cant live.2. The student _about_ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class.3. Ill never forget the day _on_
40、 which she said good-bye to me.4.Who can give me the reason _for_ which he hasnt turned up yet?5.The bike on which I travelled was his定语从句中的谓语动词1、定语从句的谓语动词与从句的主语保持一致。如果关系代词在从句中作主语，定于从句的谓语动词的单复数与它所修饰的名词保持一致。2、如果先行名词为一个句子，从句的谓语动词用单数。3、one of the +复数名词这一结构后面的定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式。但 the (only) one of the +复数名词
41、这一结构后面的定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。I , who _am_ (be) a student, work hard at my study.He takes exercise everyday, which _does_ (do) a lot of good to his health.This is one of the most wonderful novels that _have been published_ (publish) since 1990.He is the only one of the teachers who _knows_ (know) French in our school.定语从句中关系词的省略1、that,which,who 可做主语和宾语，只有在做宾语的时候才可以省略eg. Children who 不可省 eat a lot of sugar often get bad teeth2、Whom 只做宾语，所以可以省略3、Whose 只做定语，所以永远不能省略
