1、小七哥语法 1句子成分 一、 概述 句子是由不同的成分构成,一般来说,句子成分包括:主、谓、表、宾、定、状、补语。实词 =名、代、数、形、副、动词。 虚词 =介、冠、连、感叹词。 主、宾语主要由名词、代词充当。 I wish you success . 双宾语 : success=直宾, you= 间宾(人称宾语均为间接宾语) 谓语由动词充当。 I think we will succeed . 定语、表语、补语主要由形容词充当。 It was a successful party. 状语主要由副词充当。 They crossed the river successfully . Succes
2、sfully 为方式状语或结果状语。 v./n.+-ly-adj. adj.+-ly-adv. 二、 主语: 句子的主干部分之一,表明这句话说的是谁或什么,一般位于句首。 通常由名词、代词、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句。 Mary likes her new bike. They usually go to school by bus. To learn a foreign language isnt easy. Playing football after school is great fun. Where he lives is unclear.(名词性从句用陈述语序 ) 三
3、、 谓语: 句子的主干部分之一,表明主语所作的动作、具有的特征或所处的状态。通常由 动词充当;动词可分为实义动词、联系动词、情态动词和助动词,其中,情态动词、助 动词 不能单独充当谓语,它们必须跟实义动词或联系动词一起充当谓语。实义动词包 括及物动词 和不及物动词,及物动词后要带宾语。 They work very hard. I feel good. They are playing over there. 四、 宾语: 表示动作的对象、结果或内容。一般跟在及物动词或介词后,通常由名、代、数、 不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句。 Tom bought a book last week.
4、- How many books do you want? -I want seven . He wants to have a cup of tea . Mary enjoys playing the piano . I dont know where he lives . *有些动词要带两个宾语,一个直接宾语,一个间接宾语(人称宾语) 常见带双宾 :give,show,send,return,teach,write,tell,hand,bring,lend,leave,throw,buy,do,fetch Pass me the book. Do me a favor,please.=Le
5、nd me a hand,please. 五、 表语: 是英语中的一种特殊成分,跟在系动词( be , sound , feel , become , remain )后, 用来说明主语的身份、特征、状态等。常由名、代、形、副、介词短语、不定式(短 语)、分词(短语)、从句等充当。 His sister is a nurse . When he heard the news,he got angry . We were at home last night. His cup is broken . My question is where he lives. Sorry,he is out.=
6、Sorry,he isnt in. 六、 定语: 用来修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、形容词性物主代词、名词(一般用单数)、 不定式(短语)、介词短语、不定代词、分词(短语)、从句等充当。 不定式(短语)充当定语,一般与其所修饰的词有动宾关系。 I need a pen to write with . The girl in red is my sister. This is the house where he lives . 七、 状语: 说明动作或状态特征,用来修饰动、形、副、句子。常由副、介词短语、动词不 定式(短语)、分词(短语)、从句等充当。 *在含有时间状语从句、条件状语从句的复杂
7、句中,主将从现。 As soon as he comes back, I will tell him about it. If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home. 八、 宾语补足语: 用来补充说明宾语的成分,主要由形、名、不定式(短语)、副词等充当, 宾补与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。复合宾语 = 宾语 + 宾补 We selected him (to be)our monitor . You can call me Anson . John asked me to help him . Dont keep the nights on all night. *当动词是使役动词或感官动词时,不定式如充当宾语,主动语态省略 to ,被动语态补充 to 。 Let me see . I made Tom clean the room . Tom was made to clean to room .(主语补足语) We often hear Mary sing . Mary is often heard to sing (by us).