1、1Enjoy Tea In BeijingCONTENTSCHAPTER1 TEA CULTURE 茶文化 IN BEIJINGCHAPTER2 TEA DRINKING AMONG COMMON BEIJING RESIDENTS 居民CHAPTER3 TIANQIAO AMUSEMENT 天桥乐 TEA GARDEN (公园等处的 )茶室 , 茶叶种植场 AND OTHER TEAHOUSES 茶室CHAPTER4 FAMOUS TEA ART HOUSES 茶艺馆Comment a1: tipikladj. 1 典型的 , 有代表性的 2 特有的 , 独特的 typical简明英汉词典t
2、ipikladj. 1 典型的 , 有代表性的 2 特有的 , 独特的 词条指正 - Google 搜索Comment a2: mean to简明英汉词典对来说很重要mean to简明英汉词典对来说很重要词条指正 - Google 搜索Comment a3: kfri:adj. 无忧无虑的, 快乐舒畅的carefree简明英汉词典 kfri:adj. 无忧无虑的, 快乐舒畅的词条指正 - Google 搜索Comment a4: ekskwizitadj. 1 精致的 , 精美的 2 敏感的, 细致的 exquisite简明英汉词典ekskwizitadj. 1 精致的 , 精美的 2 敏感的
3、, 细致的 词条指正 - Google 搜索Comment a5: vi.发泄; (水中动物)浮到水面呼吸Comment a6: sentimntn. 1 (对怜悯、怀旧等的)柔情 2 态度或意见3 观点 ; 意见 sentiment简明英汉词典sentimntn. 1 (对怜悯、怀旧等的)柔情 2 态度或意见3 观点 ; 意见 词条指正 - Google 搜索Comment a7: essential element简明英汉词典(生命)必需元素;主要元素essential element简明英汉词典(生命)必需元素;主要元素词条指正 - Google 搜索2PrefaceTea ,a par
4、t of Chinese traditional culture ,is a typical health beverage and a means to promote the Chinese culture .The Chinese have been drinking tea from ancient times and have developed a profound “Tea Culture” that promotes carefree ,exquisite ,refreshing and scholarly characters .The teahouse has been a
5、 ideal place for literati through Chinese history to vent out their sentiments and talk about their aspirations .Chinese tea drinkers have developed various varieties of the tea culture .When one comes to a teahouse he will feel he has arrived in an old neighborhood in an ancient city .Most of the t
6、eahouses in Beijing have put on a new appearance .But they have preserved the essential elements of those in old times .TEA CULTURE IN BEIJING3Part1 Tea Drinking 饮茶 in Old BeijingPart2 Tea Ceremony 礼仪 , Customs 习俗 and Rituals 规矩Part3 Buddhist Temples 寺庙 and TeaPart1 Tea Drinking in Old BeijingWhen w
7、e talk about 谈论，讨论 tea drinking in old Beijing ,we should start with 以 开始 the history of tea 茶史 ,tea leaves 茶叶 and teahouses 茶室 .The history of tea drinking in Beijng dates back to 追溯到 ，从 开始 the Sui and Tang dynasties .After the completion of the Grand Canal 京杭大运河 (第 2 期运河。主要指隋代的运河系统。以东部洛阳为中心，于大业元年(
8、605) 开凿通济渠 ,直接沟通黄河与淮河的交通。并改造邗沟和江南运河。三年又开凿永济渠，北通涿郡。连同公元584 年开凿的广通渠,形成多枝形运河系统。)tea leaves were taken to Beijng by boats and sold in the street .Gradually tea drinking became popular. From the Tang Dynasty until today jasmine tea 茉莉花茶，香片 has been the most famous variety 品种，种类 of tea leaves in Beijing a
9、nd loved by beijng tea drinkers .Jasmine tea is made by flavoring green tea leaves 优质绿毛茶 with jasmine flowers .4Jasmine tea has been popular in Beijing because of two reasons .One is that in old days transportation 运输 was slow .New tea leaves 鲜叶 picked 采摘 in south China around Qingming Festival 清明节
10、contained moisture .On their way to Beijing over more than 超过 a month ,weather became warmer and warmer .The moisture confined 关起来，受限制 in the tight packages 包，包裹 would take away 带走，拿走 some of the fresh fragrance of the tea leaves .After a great amount of thinking Beijng tea merchants came up with 想出
11、 a good idea to flavor 加味于 the tea leaves with jasmine flowers . The tea leaves flavored with jasmine flowers have a very nice aroma .The other reason is that in old times Beijing residents drank well water 井水 . The water from most of the wells tasted bitter and astringent 涩 .It spoiled 损坏，毁掉 any te
12、a leaves in it .A tea merchant named Chen Guqiu 陈古秋 put some dry jasmine flowers in the hot water with tea leaves and the concoction 混合，调合物 tasted no more 不再 bitter and astringent .Tap water 自来水 appeared in the late Qing Dynasty .Though tap water has a better quality ,it is still hard water .It cann
13、ot make the tea taste better .Also Beijng residents had become accustomed to jasmine tea .They believed the jasmine tea was the best of all the tea varieties 茶类 .Potable water 生活饮用水 for the imperial and noble families 皇家贵族 in Beijing came from the springs 泉水 in the mountains to the northwest of Beij
14、ing or from the several wells with “sweet” water in the 5city .They could drink tea of better varieties such as the “dragon well” from West Lake 西湖龙井 , “Spring Green Snail” from Dongding lake洞庭碧螺春 , “Melon Slice” from Liuan 六安瓜片 and “Iron Guanyin” from Fujian Province 安溪铁观音 .Beijing has had a big po
15、pulation 人口 for a long time .The composition of its residents is complex .People from different social status have different requirements for the tea .There used to be 过去常常有 various teahouses and their number was once the largest in China .The earliest teahouses appeared in Beijing during the Yuan D
16、ynasty .They developed fast during the Ming Dynasty and saw their heyday 最繁荣时期 during the Qing Dynasty .During the Qing Dynasty and the Republic period teahouses could be found everywhere in the city .They were divided into “Grand Teahouses”大茶馆 , “Pure Teahouses”清茶馆 , “Storytelling Teahouses”书茶馆 , “
17、Chess Teahouses”棋茶馆 , “Wine Teahouses”二荤馆 and Wild “Teahouses”野茶馆 .Most customers to those in the category of “Grand Teahouses” were government officials 政府官员 ,merchant ,men of letters and people from the higher social status .They drank tea there as a kind of social activities .One reason was that
18、they felt freer than they did at home or in a guild house ;the other reason was that the cost in the teahouse was lower than that in a restaurant .In old Beijing there were eight famous teahouses : “Tianquan” , 6“Tianren” ,and “Tianqi” on Qianmen Street ; “Tianhui” near Dianmen Gate , “Tianfu” , “Ti
19、ande” and “Tianyi” near Fuchengmen Gate , “Tianshou” at Beixinqiao Bridge .Most of them had a large front shop by the street and a courtyard behind it where people could drink tea .Large teahouses had a huge red brass 红黄铜 kettle imprinted 铭刻，牢记 with their emblem 象征，标记. It was nearly two meter high a
20、nd one meter wide, with a mouth called “Divine Guardian holding up the sky”. The total girdle 带，环形物 of the kettle came to more than three meters. A stove burning charcoal 木炭 was put under the kettle to keep the water boiling. The kettle was used as an advertisement too. Every teahouse regarded it as
21、 its household 家用的 treasure.Many scholars would hold “poetry get-togethers”,“pen get-togethers” and “riddle get-togethers” in the teahouses .They gave the teahouses an air of fine cultural tastes and attracted many tea drinkers interested in 对有兴趣 culture .The main business of a “Pure Teahouses” was
22、to sell tea without the accompaniment 伴随物 of refreshments 茶点，点心 .Those in the category 种类，类别 of “Pure Teahouses” were quiet without storytelling 说故事 and music playing .Hanging in front of their entrance were lacquered 涂漆于 boards written on which the tea brands they served ,such as “Fluffy1 Tips” or
23、“Green Spring Snails” .Attached to 依1 Tea fluff:茶（叶）尘7附，贴在上 the boards were bright red 鲜红，大红 tassels 穗，缨，流苏 .Most of the customers in these teahouses were idlers 懒汉，无所事事的人 ,including young men from rich families .They came there to talk about birds or just chit-chat 闲谈，聊天 .Some people came there to
24、talk about business ,exchange information or look for jobs .In a “Story-telling” teahouse the customers listened to story telling over a cup of tea .Those of this category had the characteristics 特点，特征 particular to Beijing .The most well-known such teahouses were the “Guangqingxuan” in Yiliu Lane n
25、ear Dianmen Gate and the “Dongyuexuan” outside Donghuamen Gate .Both the storyteller and the customer had refined tastes .No accomplished 聪明的，娴熟的 storytellers dared to work in these teahouses because when they made a mistake the customers would point it out 指出 .The teahouses opened to business usual
26、ly in the afternoon and at evening .Its owner would invite some entertainers 艺人 to perform in his teahouse .Most of them were storytellers .They would tell stories adopted被采用的 from novels such as “The Romance of the Three Kingdoms” , “Pilgrimage to the West” , “Deification”奉若神明， and “Legend of Monk
27、Jigong” .At the closing time of the teahouse they would round up their narration at a crucial moment of the story with the words: “Come to find out the outcome next time” .The customers were anxious to find out the outcome of the story so they would come the next day .The customers 8paid the teahous
28、e owner for the tea as well as the service of the storyteller .Sometimes the teahouse owner would invite opera singers or folk vocal artists to perform .A man would collect money from the audience after each episode was over .The charge was not high ,only one or two copper coins.Those in the categor
29、y of “Chess Teahouses” were places for chess games or discussion of cultural subjects .Traditionally the chess play and tea drinking are closely related in China .During the Qing Dynasty some chess teahouses around Shichahai Lake served exclusively scholars and court officials .Cool breeze from the
30、lake came in through the window .In a clear day green mountains were visible in distance .Tea became more enjoyable in such a nice environment .Most of the chairs in these teahouses were made of bamboo or rattan .The customers might spend a whole day there drinking tea and playing chess .During the
31、Republic period,with the disappearance of the court officials,the chess teahouses declined and degraded.The low-grade chess teahouses were concentrated at the Tianqiao area and most of their customs were people of low social status.A feature of the chess culture is that the chess can be played by pe
32、ople of all social strata,low or high.There are many good chess players among the common people.Those chess teahouses had simple and crude furniture.The chessboard was a square wooden board propped up by bricks or wooden 9stakes.Customers played the chess while drinking tea.Such teahouses only charg
33、ed for the tea leaves.Most of the customers came to them in the afternoon and leave at dusk.The business was slack.Wine teahouses sold tea as well as wine.They had only refreshments to accompany the wine and tea.When a customer wanted to have something solid to eat,the boss would send a waiter to bu
34、y some meat and vegetable at the market and let the teahouse kitchen cook them for the customer.The customer would pay for the cooking.Customers would buy some wine from the teahouse to go with the dishes. Some wine teahouses did not cook for the customers.They sold only tea and wine.Some peddlers w
35、ould prop up a stall and sell cooked sheep head and donkey meat and beef.Tea drinkers would buy some meat and bring it into the teahouse to accompany the wine.Wild teahouses were found mostly in the suburbs.Wild meant natural environment.With farmland all around them,their customers could enjoy the
36、quiet and pleasant natural scenery.The wild teahouses were mostly thatched houses with a reed awning on bamboo poles.Around the teahouse were trees and floral plants.City people would have a bowl of the thick bitter tea and chat with local farmers when they left the city for an outing.What they saw
37、were crops in the fields and green mountains under a clear sky,and what they heard was the chirping of cicadas,the croaking of frogs and the barking of dogs.10During the Qing Dynasty,Beijing had several well-known wild teahouses.The Maizidian Wild Teahouse was located outside the city gate of Chaoya
38、ngmen.It was surrounded by ponds grown with reeds.City people liked to rod fish in these ponds.They would bring their catch to the teahouse and ask the owner to cook them.When it rained heavily they could go to the teahouse to wait the rain over.This teahouse was much liked by the anglers.The Liulip
39、u Wild Teahouse half kilometer outside the city gate of Dianmen stood amidst vegetable plots.People came here to drink tea and play gambling games,not for the stakes,only for fun.At sunset,the winner would buy wine and some cooked meat.They would go home in a pleasant yet drunk mood.The Sanchakou Wi
40、ld Teahouse stood by the road outside the city gate of Deshengmen,facing east with a grove of trees behind it.It did a brisk business.Its customers were city idlers and merchants going in or out of the city.The Baishiqiao Wild Teahouse was located by Baishiqiao Bridge.In those days a river flew through under the bridge and willow trees grew on the banks.There were fat fish in the deep water.People could get on a boat to angle on the river after they were satisfied with the tea.Putaoyuan Wild Teahouse was located between the city gates of
