1、1新 四 级 改 错实用错误口诀:（一）谓语和非谓语混用口诀：谓与非谓语经常混，谓语句中就一个；其余动词非谓语，非谓形式有三种：V+ing, V+ed 和 to do；现在分词表主动 ，过去分词表被动 ；目的要用不定式，主宾要用动名词；例： Polices records show a surprised link between changes in the seasons and crime patterns. surprising（二）其它错误口诀：见到谓语找主语，主谓一致找状语；见到 that 想从句，从句里给谓语；见到名词想可数，可数不可数要记清；见到代词找指代，指代通常不合理；见到
2、平行看结构，形式功能要对。例：Business today whether it is running a little gas-station or a big factory take good management.takesA break in their employment, or a decision to work part time, will slow its raises and promotions-because it would for men. their（三）错误口诀实战演练Culture refers to the social heritage of a p
3、eople- the learned patterns for thinking, feeling and acting that characterize a population or society, include the expression of these patterns in material things.1._Culture is compose of nonmaterial culture abstract creations 2._like values, beliefs, customs, and institutional arrangements and mat
4、erial culture physical object like cooking spots ,computers and bathtubs.3._In sum, culture reflects both the ideas we share or everything we make.4._In ordinary speech, a person of culture is the individual can speak 5._another language- the person who is unfamiliar with the arts, 6._music, literat
5、ure, philosophy, or history.But to sociologists, to be human is to be cultured, because of culture is the common world of experience. 7._Culture is essentially to our humanness. 8._How do you know how to act in a classroom, or a department store, or toward a person who smiles or laugh at you? 9._You
6、r culture supplies you by broad, standardized, 10._ready-made answers for dealing with each of these situations.答案解析：21. Culture refers to the social heritage of a people- the learned patterns for thinking, feeling and acting that characterize a population or society, include the expression of these
7、 patterns in material things. 本题考点：谓与非谓语经常混，谓语句中就一个:本文已经有两个谓语 refers characterize 一个连词 that,如果再出现谓语则必须再出现一个连词。一个基本规则请同学们记好：连词数=谓语数-1 。所以此时 include 后面有宾语最好的改写方式：including 2 some provide services. Other people provide both goods or services. For example, in the same 3._ garage a man may buy a car or s
8、ome service which helps him maintain his car. The work people do is called as economic 4._ activity. All economic activities taken together make up the economic system of a town, a city, a country, or the world. Such economic system is the sum-total 5._ of what people do and what they want. The work
9、 people do either provides what they need or provides the money with that they can buy essential 6._ commodities. Of course, most people hope to have enough money to buy commodities and services which are essential but which provide some particular 7. _ personal satisfaction, such as toys for childr
10、en, visits 8. _ the cinema, and books. The science of economics is basic upon the facts 9. _ of our everyday lives. Economists study our everyday lives and the general life of our communities in order to understand the whole economic system of which we are a part. They try to describe the facts of t
11、he economy in which we live, and to explain how it works. The economist methods should of course be 10. _ strictly objective and scientific. 参考答案：41. like as 2. Those Some 3. or and 4. called as call 5. Such Such an 6. that which 7. essential nonessential or +not 8. visits visits to 9. basic based 1
12、0. economist economists (2)Americans this year will swallow 15000 tons of aspirin, one of safest and most effective drugs 1._ invented by man. The most popular medicines in the 2._ world today, it is an effective pain reliever. Its bad effects are relatively mild, and it is cheap. For millions of pe
13、ople suffered from arthritics, 3._ it is the only thing that works. Aspirin, in short, is truly the 20th-century wonder drug. It is also the second largest suicide drug and is the leading cause of poisoning among children. it has side effects that, if 4._ relatively mild, are largely unrecognized be
14、tween users. 5._ Although aspirin was first sold by German company in 1899, it has been around much longer than that. Hippocrates, in ancient Greece, understood the medical value of the leaves and tree bark which today is known to 6._ contain salicylates, the chemical in aspirin. During the 19th cen
15、tury, there was a great number of experimentation 7._ in Europe with this chemical, and it led in the introduction 8._ of aspirin. By 1915, aspirin tablets were available in the United States. A small quantity of aspirin(two five-grain tablets) relieves pain and inflammation. It also reduces down 9.
16、_ fever by interfering with some of the bodys reactions. Specifically, aspirin seems to slow down the formation of the acids involved in pain and the complex chemical reactions that cause fever. The chemistry of these acids is not fully understood, and the slowing effect of aspirin 10._ is well know
17、n. 5参考答案 1. of safest the 2. medicines medicine(or: drug) 3. suffered suffering 4. if though(or: although) 5. between among 6. is are 7. number deal(or: amount, quantity) 8. in to 9. down / 10. and but(3)Crime has its own cycles, a magazine reported some years before. Police records that were studie
18、d 1._ for five years from over 2400 cities and towns show a surprised link between changes in the season and 2._ crime patterns. The pattern of crime has varied very little over a long period of years. Murder reaches its high during July and August, as does rape and other violent 3._ attacks. Murder
19、, however, is more than seasonal: it is a 4._ weekend crime. It is also a nighttime crime: 62 percent of members are committed between 6 p.m. and 6 a.m. Unlike the summer high in crimes of bodily harm, burglary has a different cycle. You are most likely to being robbed between 6 p.m. and 2 a.m. on a
20、 Saturday 5._ night in December, January, or February. The most uncriminal month of all? May-except for one strange statistic. More dog bites are reported in this month than in an other month of the year. 6._ Apparent our intellectual seasonal cycles are 7._ completely different from our criminal te
21、ndencies. professor Huntington, of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, made extensive studies to discover the seasons when people read serious books, attend scientific meetings, make the highest scores on examinations, and to propose the most changes to patents. In all 8._ instances, he found a
22、spring peak and an autumn peak separated by a summer low. On other hand, Professor 9._ Huntingtons studies indicated that June is the peak 6month for suicides and admissions in mental hospitals. 10._ June is also a peak month for marriages!参考答案 1. before ago 2. surprised surprising 3. does do 4. how
23、ever moreover 5. being be 6. an any 7. apparent apparently 8. to(1) / 9. On other the 10. in to(4)Only a generation ago, Mauritanias capital city was many days walk from the Sahara. Today it is in the Sahara. 1._ The sand blows through the city streets and piles up in 2._ walls and fences. The deser
24、t stretches out as far as the eye can see. In some parts of the Amazon rain forest in Brazil, all the trees have cut down. The earth lies bare and dry in the 3._ hot sun. Nothing grow there anymore. 4._ Over vast areas of every continent, the rainfall and vegetation necessary for life is disappearin
25、g. Already 5._ more than 40 percent of the earths land is desert and 6._ desert-like. About 628 million people-one out of seven- live in these dry regions. In the past, they have managed to survive, but in difficulty. Now, largely through problems 7._ caused by modern life, our existence is threaten
26、ed by the 8._ slow, steady spread of the earths deserts. Many countries first became concerned in 1970s after 9._ a terrible drought and famine destroyed Africas Sahel, the fragile desert along the south edge of the Sahara. Thousands of people died even though there was a worldwide effort to send fo
27、od and medicine to the starved people. 10._ 参考答案1. days days 2. in against 73. have cut been 4. grow grows 5. is are 6. and or 7. in with 8. our their 9. in 1970s the10. starved starving(5)For centuries the gypsies have lived as a unfettered people 1._who traveled through half the countries of the w
28、orld, abiding to their own laws. Scorning discomfort, 2._enduring persecution, accumulating only meager possession, 3._they sacrificed all for their freedom. To be settled people they seemed both fascinating or fearful, 4._while to the gypsies the settling people were equally fearful. 5._Gypsies acq
29、uired in ancient times their traditional occupationslike smiths and horse traders. They plied their crafts 6._from village to village, presenting entertainments to attract townsmen. So they became musicians, magicians, animal trainers, and acrobats.A folk saying held that when a gypsy woman predicte
30、d misfortune it always came fact because she stole something from the victim. 7._The gypsies were known also for the big trick which they 8._deceived the credulous. A typical trick was to convince a peasant to bury his money, 9._promising that it would be multiplied by magic powers; when the peasant
31、 returned to dig them up, the money and the gypsies were both gone. 10._The term “gypsy” soon became synonymous with all the robbers and brigands who infested （骚扰）the countryside. 参考答案 1.a 改为 an。2.to 改为 by。3.possession 改为 possessions。4.or 改为 and5.settling 改为 settled。6.like 改为 as。 7.fact 改为 true。8.wh
32、ich 前加 in。9.convince 改为 persuade。810.them 改为 it。(6)There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have taught has ever ignored spelling or considered it 1._important as a basic skill. There are, however, vastly 2._different ideas about how to t
33、each it, or how much priority (重点) it must be given over general language development and written ability. The problem is, how to 3._encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling?If spelling becomes the only focal po
34、int of his teachers interest, clearly a bright child will be like to 4._“play safe”. He will tend to write only words with his 5._range and choose to avoid adventurous language. That is why teachers often encouraging the early use of 6._dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical
35、 ability.I was shocking to read on the bottom of a sensitive 7._piece of writing about personal experience: “This work is terrible! There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is eligible.” It may have been a sharp 8._criticism of the pupils technical abilities in writing, but it was als
36、o a sad reflection at the teacher 9._who has omitted to read the essay, which contained any beautiful expressions of the childs deep feelings. The teachers wrong not to draw attention to the errors, but if his priority centered on the childs ideas, as 10._expression of his disappointment with the pr
37、esentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement.参考答案：1.taught 之后加 in。 2.important 改为 unimportant。3.written 改为 writing。4.like 改为 likely。5.with 改为 within。 6.encouraging 改为 encourage。7.shocking 改为 shocked。98.eligible 改为 illegible。9.at 改为 on。10.centered 前加 had。(7)Word came from
38、 California of a new weapon in the war on household pestsTwo scientists work for a firm in California developed 1_ a new method to eliminate insects with using dangerous chemicals2_ The new weaponhot airThe basic idea is that insect pests can adjust to temperature much above normal3_ In laboratory e
39、xperiments，cockroaches and termites cant survive much more than a quarter of hour at 100 degrees 4_ Fahrenheit or about fifty degrees centigrade The new method involves covering a house with a huge tent，and fill it with air heated to 5_ around 65 degrees centigradeHot air is forced in with fans and
40、the tent keeps the heat inside the houseAlthough termites try to escape by hiding in wood beams，6_ the heat treatment must be continued by four to six hours 7_ But when its all over and the insects are dead， there are no toxic residues to danger humans or pets，and no 8_ funny smellsScientists claim
41、that theres no danger of fire too9_Since very few household, materials will burn at 65 degrees centigrade. In fact, wood is prepared for construction use by drying in the ovens at 100 degrees centigrade, that is substantially hotter. 10._参考答案：1. work working 2. with without 3. can adjust can not adj
42、ust 4. hour an hour 5. fill filling 6. Although Since 7. by for 8. danger endanger9. too either10. that which(8)The white House began to be built in 1792, but it was not completed until ten years later. Every American president lived in it except for George Washington, although he did have a 1._ maj
43、ority part in designing it. 2._ The government held a competition to choose the best 10design for the presidents house. The winner was a young man of 3._ South Carolina, James Hoban. His design was a three-level house of stone. And President Washington made some changes in the winning design. He mad
44、e the house long and wider, and 4._ changed it into a two-storied house instead of three. The second president, John Adams, was first to live in the 5._ White House. When he and his wife moved onto the new house 6._ in November, 1800, work was still going on, although the main live area was complete
45、d. The whole work did not finish until the 7._ administration of the 3rd president, Thomas Jefferson.Twelve years later, the British army invaded Washingtonand burned the White House. The fire completely destroyed the inside of the building and experts said that the White House was so 8._dangerous t
46、o live in. Later on workers rebuilt the inside of the White House. More offices were added, most of which underground. 9._None of the work, however, changed the appearing of 10._the building. Many people asked why the presidents house iscalled the White House. Historians say it has been so called simply because it was painted white.参考答案：1. for / 2. majority major 3. of from 4. long longer 5. was first the 6. onto into 7. live living 8. so too9. which
