1、Lesson 01 A Puma at large 逃遁的美洲狮New words and expression 生词和短语学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里puma n.美洲狮spot v.看出, 发现?= see, pick out, recognize, catch sight of 强调结果 , 辨别出, 看见, 识别, 发现 - A tall man is easy to spot in the crowd.- He has good eye for spotting mistakes.同意词：- find：强调
2、发现的结果 / find?out：查出事实真相- discover：做出重大发现 / notice：注意到- observe：观察 / watch：观察活动中的人或画面Spot n.斑点- There is a white spot on the shirt.on the spot 有两个含义：1 立刻 , 马上（at?once, immediately ）- Anyone breaking the rules will be asked to leave on the spot.2 at?the?place?of?the?action 在现场- Wherever she is needed,
3、 she is quickly on the spot.Evidence n.证据（不可数名词）Evident adj.明显的, 显然的 / evidently adv.明显地, 显然Evidence = proof (n.证据)- When the police arrived, he had already destroyed the evidence.in?evidence 显而易见的- He was in evidence at the party.Accumulate v.积累, 积聚（强调积累的过程）- As the evidence accumulates, experts fr
4、om the zoo felt obliged to investigate.Gather vt. 聚集, 把某人召集在某处- The teacher gathered his students in the classCollect vt. 搜集, 采集 - Do you collect stamps? Yes, I collect stamps as my hobby.（n.业余爱好）Assemble v.集合, 集会 / 装配- A large number of people assemble on the square.Hoard vt.大量的储存 （- hoard?up = sto
5、re?up 储藏）- The squirrel hoards up nuts for the cold winter （squirrel n.松鼠） （nut n.坚果）amass vt.积聚（主要用于诗歌和文学作品）- The clouds amassed above the hillsOblige v.使感到必须feel?obliged?to?do?sth 感觉有必要做某事- I feel obliged to say no to his demand（n.要求 , 需要）be?obliged?to?do?sth 被迫做某事- They were obliged to sell their
6、 car to pay their debts off.（debt n.债务）hunt v.n.追猎, 寻找 （hunt for）- The experts from London zoo began to hunt (v.) for a puma.- The hunt (n.) for the puma proved the difficult. （prove vt.证明, 证实）search 搜寻某处为了寻找到某人或某物- The police were searching the forest for the missing boy.run?after 强调追赶, 追求 - look,
7、a dog is running after a cat- what are you run after in your lifeseek = pursue? v.追寻 (理想)chase v.追赶 （- They are chasing a thief / They are running after a thief）blackberry n.黑莓 / berry n.浆果human?being 人类corner v. 使走投无路, 使陷入困境 作为动词, 经常使用被动语态- The thief was cornered at last- The problem cornered me.co
8、rner n. 角落 - at the corner of the street- in the corner of the room- on the corner of the deskTrail n.一串, 一系列 trail vt. 跟踪, 追踪（ = follow）- The police trailed the criminal to the place where he was hiding （criminal n.罪犯）Print n.印痕Cling v.粘 （clung, clung, clinging）- She is always clinging to her mothe
9、r. - He clung to the hope that he would succeed. 他怀有成功的希望stick? v.粘住 （- stick the envelop）n.信封 stick?to?坚持 （- stick to the plan / stick to ones promise）n.许诺 sticky? adj.粘的 （- sticky fingers ）convince v.使信服1convince sb of sth- I convince him of my honesty.（n.诚实, 正直） 我使他相信我的诚实。2 be?convinced that- I a
10、m convinced that she is honest girl.（adj.诚实的, 正直的）somehow adv. 不知怎么搞地 , 不知什么原因= by some means, in some way, for some reason unknown- Ill get the book back somehow. 无论如何我要把这本书取回来。- I got lost somehow 不知怎么搞地, 我迷失了。Somewhat adv. 稍微, 有点, 有些 （= a little）- The price is somewhat higher than I expect.（high
11、adj.高的）disturb v.令人不安disturbing adj.令人不安的 / disturbed adj.感到不安的surprising adj.令人惊讶的 / surprised adj.感到惊讶的exciting adj. 令人激动的 / excited adj.感到激动的wild adj.野性的, 野生的investigate v.调查, 研究de 脚本 ion n.描写, 描述extraordinarily adv.特别地，非常地，格外similar adj.相似的, 类似的attack vt. 攻击difficult adj. 困难的, 艰难的 difficulty n.困
12、难, 难点rabbit n.兔 , 野兔paw n.手掌 , 手爪fur n.毛皮 , 毛, 软毛bush n.矮树丛fully adv. 充分地, 完全地collector n.收藏家, 征收者Text 课文at?large 逃遁的, 没有被控制的- The thief is still at largeat large 详细地（= in?detail）n.细节, 详情- I need talk to you at largeat large 总体来讲（= as?a?whole）- The students at large are hungry for English. （ hungry
13、adj.饥饿的, 渴望的）Where must the puma have come from?Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America.在英文的表达方式中，首先呈现给读者的是结果（和中文不同）英文擅长用长句，中文擅长用短句。- Pandas are large cat-like animals which are found in Asia. （panda n.熊猫）cat-like 猫一样的, 偷偷摸摸的 / dog-like 狗一样的 / life-like 栩栩如生的When reports came in
14、to London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.一般来讲定语从句和同位语从句紧随在被修饰名词的后面，但为了保持句子平衡，也可以把谓语动词放到从句之前1 定语从句只是对于被修饰词的补充说明、修饰- 定语从句的引导词：- 指人：主语 who；宾语 who, whom；定语?whose- 指物： that（也可以指人）/ which- 时间状语： when / 地点状语：where / 原因状语：why2 同位语从句则是讲述被
15、修饰名词的内容- 同位语从句的引导词：- 名词(做主语、宾语等) ：关系词用 that 而不是 which- 时间： when；?地点：where- 定语从句中没有 what 这个关系词，但 what 可以引导同位语从句- An idea came to her that she might do the experiment in another way.- I?have?no?idea?what?has?happened?to?him。they were not taken seriously（they 指代 reports）take sth seriously = deal with s
16、th seriously 认真地对待某事- I always take your suggestions seriously.take sth lightly 草率地对待某事 （lightly adv.轻率地）- Don t take the hot potato lightly （hot potato n.棘手的问题）However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the de 脚本 ions given by people who clai
17、med to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.However adv.然而(起转折作用) As 连词：随着, 当.之时过去分词做定语：- the de 脚本 ions given by people- the story told by the sailor (n.海员, 水手, 船员)- a book written by Luxunclaim?to?have?done?sth 声称曾经做过某事- He claimed to have been the manager of the large shop.The hunt for
18、 the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw a large cat only five yards away from her.Where a woman picking 定语从句- I still remember the school where I studied English.It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being
19、 unless it is cornered.Confirm = be sure = be certain (confirm vt.确定)Unless it is cornered = if it is not cornered (unless conj.如果不, 除非)- He will accept the job unless the salary is too low.The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place
20、twenty miles away in the evening.search = huntWherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits.把某物留在后面：leave?behind- Wherever he went, the wound left behind him a trail of blood.（n.血）Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to
21、bushes.英文表达方式习惯用被动语态, 突出客观事实。而中文则善于运用动作的执行者。puma fur was found clinging to bushes. （被动） We found the puma fur clinging to bushes. （主动）- clinging to bushes 是现在分词短语做宾补Several people complained of “cat-like noises at night and a businessman on a fishing tripsaw the puma up a plain?of/about?sth 抱怨某事on+
22、名词：强调动作正在进行- on?the?rise 在上升 / on?the?increase 在增加- on?the?watch 在观看 / on?the?match 在比赛中- on?the?fishing?trip 在钓鱼的途中 / on?holiday 在度假The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from?Fully（adv.充分地, 完全地）= completely = entirely As no pumas had been reported mi
23、ssing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape.sth be in?the?possession?of?sb = sth be in?sbs?possession 某物归某人所有(主语是物)- The beautiful car is in my possession.= The beautiful car is in the possession of me.Sb be in?pos
24、session?of?sth 某人拥有某物(主语是人)- I am in possession of the beautiful car.（in possession of 做表语）- The person in possession of the big house is excited. （in possession of 做定语）take?possession?of 拥有The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught.Went on = lasted （last vi.继续, 持续）It is disturb
25、ing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.It is disturbing to think that. 一想到就心理不安- It is disturbing to think that I fail my examinationin the quiet countryside 在宁静的山村Special difficulties 难点Exercises A1. at/for 2. to 3. to 4. in 5. onExercises B1. He is the
26、 man we have heard about so much.2. The shelf you put those books on has collapsed.（vi. 倒塌, 崩溃, 瓦解）3.Whom did you receive a letter from?特殊疑问句中 whom?不能省略（本句） 。定语从句中 Which 以及指代人的做宾语的 Whom, 在非正式用法当中可以省略。省略时，介词不能前置到关系代词 Whom, Which 前，只能用于非固定的动词短语后面。固定的动词短语look?for：寻找（去掉 for 后 look 没有寻找的意思，所以介词 for 不能前置）
27、非固定的动词短语look?at：注视live?in：居住（去掉 in 后 live 仍有居住的意思，所以介词 in 可以前置）This is the old house in which he lived. = This is the old house he lived in.4.This is the road we came by?5.Where is the pencil you were playing with?Multiple choice questions 多项选择1 正确答案：Din common adv. 共有 （替换了 similar）2 正确答案：BA）只是一个具体的
28、特定的事列，阅读理解题的时候要把握中心大意B ）?large?catpersuade v.说服, 劝说3 答案正确：C?做理解题时要紧扣主题、紧扣中心大意文章最后一句话总结了大意句型结构题和词汇题是每课的关键4 答案正确：C? Make 的用法：make?somebody?do（在主动语态中不定式的符号 to 应该省略）be?made?to?do（被动语态中不定式的符号 to 必须补充完整）- They made her wait for hours. She was made to wait for hours.5 答案正确： D?A）把 say 改成 claim 就对了 （- People
29、?claimed?to?have?seen?the?puma.）D）清楚的道明了动作发生的先后关系6 正确答案：B原句中的?when 引导的时间状语从句表示：.就（as?soon?as）被动：On being observed, it immediately ran away.主动：On?observing?her, it?immediately?ran?away.On seeing me, he waved to me.7 正确答案：Dexcept 可以和名词/ 名词性从句进行搭配（也可是 when/if 引导的从句形式）unless = if.not = except on the con
30、dition thatwhen = if- except when they are cornered. = except if they are cornered.- Whenever you come, you are welcome. = If ever you come, you are welcome.8 正确答案：DA）must?be 只是对客观现实的推测，时态不一致- 对于过去事实推测一定要用：情态动词+ have +过去分词9 正确答案：Con more than = nothing more than = only / within = not more than10 正确答
31、案：Bin?a?corner 偷偷摸摸地, 暗中地, 秘密地in?a?trap 落于陷阱中at an angle 不正的, 倾斜的（angle n.角, 角度, 角落, 墙角, 棱角）under cover 在遮蔽处, 秘密地, 暗中11. 正确答案：Bfishes?for?pleasure 钓鱼消遣travel for pleasure 外出游玩read for pleasure 阅读消遣12 on one s own adv.独自地, 独立地, 主动地 （= alone）for ones own benefit 为了某人自己的利益。Lesson 02 Thirteen equals one
32、 十三等于一New words and expression 生词和短语equal? v.等于A 等于 B A equals BEqual vt.与.相匹敌 - None?of?us?can?equal?her, either?in?beauty?or?as?a dancer.be?equal?to +名词（equal adj.不相上下的）- Mary is quite equal to John in brains.（n.智力 , 脑髓）玛丽可以和约翰在脑力上相匹敌。be?equal?to doing：有能力, 有力量来做某事?（to 是介词）- I am equal to running
33、the company.vicar n.牧师raise v.募集，筹（款） - raise money 募集资金提高 - raise the price 提高物价饲养、供养 - raise a horse 饲养一匹马种植 - raise wheat 种植小麦召集、招募 - raise an army 招募一支军队 （army n.陆军, 军队）提出、发出 - raise a cheer 发出欢呼声 （cheer n.愉快, 欢呼）torchlight n.电筒光 torch n.手电筒cause n.事情church n. 教堂figure n.外形, 轮廓, 体形grocer n. 食品商人
34、, 杂货商人bell n.钟, 铃, 钟声, 钟形之物tower n.塔, 城堡Text 课文Was the vicar pleased that the clock was striking? Why?Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired.现在进行时和 always 等频度副词搭配时：表示说话人带有某种的情感色彩Tom is always doing ho
35、mework. 汤姆总是做家庭作业，怎么也做不完。Tom always does his homework. 汤姆总是做家庭作业，不拖欠作业。He is always making noises. 他总是吵吵闹闹，真烦人。one?or?another：表示这样或那样- for one reason or another 处于这样或那样的原因- at one time or another 在这样或那样的时间- in one way or another 用这样或那样的方法get enough money to do sth 募集足够的资金做某事- I have to get enough mo
36、ney to have my house repaired.have something done 1 找某人来做某事- have the church clock repaired- have the plane repaired / - have hair cut2 某人所遭受到的意外某种情况（主语必须是发出动作的人）- His wallet was stolen. He had his wallet stolen.The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged many years ago an
37、d has been silent ever since.used?to：过去常常做，而现在不再发生的事情了。- He used to smoke every day.One night, however, our vicar woke up with a start: the clock was striking the hours! However - 在口语中, 主要用于句首；在作文中, 最好用在句中、句尾。要用逗号分隔开来- He said that it was so, he was mistaken, however.He said that it was so, however,
38、 he was mistaken.他说这件事就是如此，然而他弄错了。- I know his story, however, I wouldnt like to tell you.I know his story, I, however, wouldnt like to tell you.However = Nevertheless (adv. conj.) = Nonetheless (adv.)Start n.vt.惊跳, 惊起- The noise made him started(v.).- What a start(n.) you give me. / - he stood up with a start(n.).Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one oclock, but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped.before： .才- Nearly a week passed before she could explain what had happened to her.Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on.
