1、Unit 6,World Affairs,Plan for the Class,Novelty and liveliness of English NewsReading and discussion: Why the Monarchy Must Stay,Novelty and liveliness,Creating new wordsUse of idiomsUse of euphemism Use of special words,Creating new words,Dove conciliator partyAngel things seldom happenGoogle gathe
2、r informationMouse potato people who are addicted to the Internet,Creating new words,In todays confused mix of assertion，infoainment, opinion，pseudo-fact and spin，readers have a right to expect moremore verification，more transparency，more evidenceto decide for them selves the truth about issues as i
3、mportant as those raised in this book （娱乐性新闻节目） Billick acknowledged that the Ravens have the ability to sever ties with Grbac after this season at a cost of only 55 millionthe price of his signing bonus and this years salary （签约酬金）,Creating new words,The coach saw the situation as a no-brainerThe p
4、layers saw it as surrender （显而易见的事） He is perfectly content to wait for an editorial consensus on matters like whether to use email，e-mail or E-mail （电子邮件，给发电子邮件）,New coined words,dawk(中间派): dove(温和派)+hawk(好战派) (blending)AIDS (艾滋病): acquired immune deficiency syndrome (acronym)Clintonomics(克林顿的经济政策)
5、 (derivation and affixation)Whitewatergate (克林顿的白水门事件) (compounding),Old words, new meanings,plastic (塑料-信用卡)to telegram (电报-发电报),Words from brands names,Band-Aid (邦迪牌)创口帖Kleenex (克里内克斯牌)纸巾,Words created for special occasions,cradle-to-grave 由生到死small-is-beautiful 以小为美turn-of-the-century 世纪之交,Borrow
6、ing foreign words,American barsand living rooms may never be the same, now that a Japanese sing-along fad known as Karaoke has begun to infiltrate American popular culture. (Japanese)Mr. Peter Broke was yesterday morning recovering from a press of work and steeling himself for the task of instilling
7、 a little perestroika into Conservative Central Office in his new role as party chairman. (Russian, reform),Borrowing foreign words,Though he is losing his monopoly，the 79-year-old tycoon still wields considerable influence (Japanese, big business )Jang Ha Sung，a finance professor at Korea Universit
8、y，complained that “theres still no brake on the chaebol，” using the word for any conglomerate with m ore than 1billion or so in assets，generally dominated by the founder or his heirs (South Korea, tycoon),Borrowing foreign words,glasnost 公开性；开放intelligentsia 知识分子；知识界samizdat 地下出版物judo 柔道jujitsu 柔术 s
9、umo 相扑 tycoon 巨头go 围棋,kungfu 功夫wushu 武术 Taoism 道教kowtow 磕头，叩头typhoon 台风shanghai 拐骗，胁迫 rapport 友好visa 签证 per 每一,Use of idioms,ShorteningExtensionImitationDecomposition,Shortening,Employees foster nose-to-the-grindstone strategies. a shortened form of the idiom “keep one s nose to the grindstone”,Exte
10、nsion,Many government-sponsored agencies are now jumping on the exercise-bandwagon and coaxing reluctant spectators to join the fun. extended from the idiom “jumping on the bandwagon”,Imitation,The strongman flashed hot and cold derived from the idiom “blow hot and cold”,Decomposition,They have a mo
11、untain of high-resounding resolve and a molehill of results. a decomposed form of the idiom “make a mountain out of a molehill”,Use of euphemism,Exaggerating euphemism Narrowing euphemism,Exaggerating euphemism,madhouse(疯人院) mental hospital(精神病院)gardener(园丁) landscaper(园林师) economic crisis(经济危机) rec
12、ession(衰退),ghetto(贫民窟) inner city(内城区) air strike(空中打击) air option(制空选择)attack (进攻) pacify the area(绥靖),Narrowing euphemism,She is pregnant: She is expecting. die: pass away, departpoor: needy, disadvantaged, underprivileged, deprived,the old: the aged, the aging, the graying armyprison: correctiona
13、l centerillegitimate child: love child,Use of special words,voice: to expressstance: standsentiment: opinionhaphazard: accidental,affluent: rich or wealthyround: a series of actionsresource center: librarylearning experience: classroom,Britains system of government,UK is both a constitutional monarc
14、hy (君主立宪制) and parliament democracy (议会制民主). While the official head of state is the Queen, her powers are largely traditional and symbolic. Practically everything she does is on the advice of her ministers. And she must be completely impartial the Queen reigns, but she doesnt rule (君主统而不治).,Main id
15、ea,In this article the author explained why the monarchy must stay. He quoted Winston Churchill as saying the parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy are imperfect but the best that man had yet devised. It keeps politicians from holding all the power and preventing politicians from too e
16、asily usurping power.,Para. 1,Winston Churchills view on parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy: imperfect- but the best that man had yet devised,Monarchy,Government or a state ruled by a king or queen,Republic,A state completely governed by elected representatives, the head of the stat
17、e is not a king or queen but a president,Parliamentary democracy,Parliamentary democracy is a political system of Britain. Parliamentary Election or the legislative electionIt involves the general election of the 635 members of the House of Common. It is held every 5 years after the Queen dissolves
18、the parliament and announces the election. The majority party in the Parliament is the leading party. The Leader is appointed by the Queen as the prime minister.,Constitutional monarchy,A monarchy in which the ruler (King or Queen) has only those powers given to him or her by the constitution and la
19、ws of the nation.,Constitutional monarch,The monarch whose powers are given by the constitution and the law of the nation,Para 2,British system of constitutional monarchy shows why a monarch is a more successful figurehead than a president.,Political accountability (Par. 2),(the head of state should
20、 take) political responsibility (for leading the state),Above politics,The head of state should keep himself/herself from interference in politics or taking sides in any political debate (even when Labor Party once advocated and practiced socialism),Para 3,The constitutional monarch, who has powers
21、that may surprise many, waives these powers and is bound by tradition to accept the advice of Parliament.,Translation,In Great Britainbecome constitutional (Par. 3，Note 5) 事情经常那样就成为习惯，而习惯的事就成了宪法(这样说是因为英国宪法不是成文法，只有习惯法或不成文法，即未经国家立法程序制定的，而是由国家认可并赋予法律竞效习的习惯、判例等。其特点是未经通常的立法程序，而并不是没有文字记载，主要由习惯演进而成。,Para 4
22、,The apolitical stance of monarchy is one of its great strengths.,Translation,This apolitical stance has made it possible for the political culture of Great Britain to assimilate, with relative ease, theories that would appear on the face of things to be radically at odds with a system of monarchica
23、l government for example, socialism.（Par. 4） 这种不涉及政治的态度使英国的政治文化能够比较容易地与那些显然完全不同于君主政体的理论，如社会主义，和睦相处。,Para 5,If one were to jettison the monarchy, government, Parliament, the nation and the commonwealth would be turned upside down.,The commonwealth,The Commonwealth of Nations- is an association of cou
24、ntries that have been, or in some cases, still ruled by Britain. All the members of the commonwealth recognize the reigning British sovereign as the head of the Commonwealth. Actually, it is an association of nations and dependencies loosely joined by a common interest based on having been parts of
25、the old Empire. They have close trade relationship with each other. The British Monarch is the symbolic head of the Commonwealth.,Translation,Any replacement would be ruinously costly, both in financial terms and also in terms of the loss of a unifying national symbol and a vital historical link. (P
26、ar. 5) 无论是财政方面还是在失去统一的民族特征及至关重要的历史环节方面来说，任何一种替代都将损失巨大，只有君主制能提供持续性，在国民观念不断变化的国家里保持稳定。,Translation,Only a monarchy can providenational vision：In other words, the monarchy should not be replaced by republicanism because politics in Britain today reflects continuity with the past. Traditional, aristocra
27、tic, and modern outlooks coexist and sometimes fuse. 只有君主制才能赋予这样的连续性，在英国国民不断变化的眼光中，它仍然是忠于职守，始终不变的。,Para 6,British monarchy has served both the empire and the commonwealth with great distinction.,Queen Elizabeth II,She is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states and their territories and dep
28、endencies, as well as head of the 53 member Commonwealth of Nations.,Queen Elizabeth II,Para 7,Monarchy is threatened because the idea of republicanism seems more democratic and less overtly hierarchical.,Annus horribilis,Annus horribilis: a Latin phrase meaning horrible year, or alternatively, year
29、 of horrors，year of wonders.Annus Mirabilis: John Drydens poem， (1666： year of Plague and Fire of London) Horribilis：refers to Great Fire at Windsor Castle in 1992, when, coincidentally, Prince Charles and Princess Diana separated.,Camillagate and Squidgygate,The suffix “-gate” implies a scandal of
30、some sort, involving a taped conversation (after “Watergate”). Camillagate：Camilla was a close female friend of Prince Charles; Squidgygate：Squigy was a former male friend of Princess Diana. Both parties had private telephone conversation records released to the press.,.VS.,Gone with the wind !,Tran
31、slation,The public actions and statements of other members of the royal family-however laudable or distressing they may be-have no effects on the monarchs power or status. (para. 7)皇室其它成员在公共场合的行为及演说-无论是值得称赞的还是令人烦恼的-都对君主的权力或地位没有任何影响,Para 8,Despite recent bursts of anti-monarchical feeling, however, i
32、t is still hard to discover a strong movement toward a republic in this country.,Paraphrase,That people like things the way they are. In view of the current situation, (all this shows that) people like the general state of affairs today or rather, the existing system- the monarchy- in Britain.,Trans
33、lation,in its call for a wider debate on this issue still advocated the retention of Queen Elizabeth as head of state until her death. (Par. 8) 呼吁在君主制去留问题上做广泛的讨论时仍然提倡保留伊丽莎白女王作为国家元首直至她辞世,Question 1,What was Mr. Churchills view on Britains system of government? Do you agree with him? a. He thought it
34、was the best that man had yet devised though it was imperfect. b. Open.,Question 2,What role does Queen Elizabeth II play? Can she play a better role than an American president in a sense? Explain. a. She, as head of state, carries out ceremonial duties, and takes the political accountability while
35、remaining above politics and taking no sides in any political debate. b. In the authors view, she can. An American president is also the leader of a political party, so he cant remain above politics.,Question 3,What power does Queen Elizabeth II have? Does Her Majesty have the real power to choose a
36、 prime minister? Why or why not? a. She can choose a prime minister, dissolve Parliament and declare war. b. No. She is a figurehead bound by the tradition, constitution and laws of the nation. She does it on the advice of Parliament.,Question 4,If the monarchy were abolished, what would things in B
37、ritain be like? The government, Parliament, nation, and Commonwealth would be turned upside down. Every nut and bolt of every one of Britains major institutions would have to be altered to make way for change.,Question 5,Do you know any scandals about some members of the royal family? Be specific. T
38、here are a couple of scandals involving the Queen s sister and children. Apart from Camillagate and Squidgygate, it was reported that Princess Michael of Kent had an affair with oil tycoon John Ward Hunt, a relative of the fabulously wealthy Bunker Hunt of Houston, U. S. A.,Question 6,Why must the m
39、onarchy stay? Can it keep a politician from holding all the powers? Do you think the monarchy must go? State the reasons. a. In the authors view, it has served both the British Empire and the Commonwealth with great distinction. Besides, it is legitimate and accords with traditions. b. Yes, it can, but it is not the monarchy but the parliamentary democracy that can keep a politician from holding all the powers and becoming a dictator. c. It depends. It is the British people that can decide its future.,Homework,Preview Unit 7.Intensive reading: Ahead-of-theCurve Careers,
