1、,内镜氩离子凝固术治疗消化病临床价值THE THERAPEUTIC VALUE OF ARGON PLASMA COAGULATION IN THE TREATMENT OF GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES 上海第二医科大学 瑞金医院 消化科,吴云林,背 景 延 革,首先用于开放及腹腔镜外科1991年 Farin G, Grund KE 德 首次引入内镜治疗 (Endoscop Surg 1994;2:71-7)欧美已积累一定应用经验我国新近引入该技术作初步临床应用 消化内镜治疗新方法ARGON PLASMA COAGULATION,APC:装 置,高频电能发生器氩气源探头
2、(可屈Teflon管)头端:陶瓷管口内装有钨丝电极,瑞金消化,output voltage: 50006500Vpower: 0155Wargon gas flow: 0.57 L/mn,APC: probe,Diameters & Lengths: 2.3 mm OD , 220/440cm length 3.2mm OD , 220cm length,APC:原 理 非接触性电凝技术,氩气离子化:探头远端电极与组织之间电场电场强度 500v/mm氩气离子束导向靶组织表面能量(高频电流)传至组织起高温凝固作用,APC:工作原理图,APC:物理学特点,电极不接触组织,电凝均匀,不产生组织粘连氩
3、离子流对电阻变化较敏感,离子束自动导向电阻最小的靶区域,组织凝固深度浅,有效防止薄壁组织如空腔脏器穿孔的危险。局部组织干燥,电阻增加,氩离子束转向湿润区域凝血区与干燥区具同样恒定深度氩离子流重于空气,散发的轴向径向侧向电流传导并在工作完成后自动流向待治疗的创面。无气化、无冒烟,无特殊的气味,缩短手术时间。,轴向侧向:电流传导,APC:设置及使用,氩气流量: 14(2.4)L/min功率:40W(结肠)100W(胃/直肠)经内镜钳道插入病灶上方约 0.2cm 0.8cm0.52 秒/次,APC:实 验 研 究,Brand et al. Dermatology,1998;197:152-157猪皮
4、肤 (n=150)不同氩气流量/作用时间/输出功率凝固深度与高频输出功率及作用时间相关凝固深度与氩气流量无关APC术皮肤缺损小无周围组织的损伤及疤痕形成,APC:实 验 研 究,Johanns et al. Eur J Gastro Hepato,1997;9:581-7人胃/小肠/结肠(手术切除标本)功率(40155 W)流量(27L/mm) 时间(110 s) 角度(45o / 90o)75100W/510s:穿透黏膜肌层155W/10s:25%肌层表面坏死155W/10s:凝固坏死层阻止作用,APC:实 验 研 究,Borgert et al. Am J Gastroenterol,19
5、99;94:1153-60局部凝固性焦痂的绝缘作用及损伤深度 12 mm Gale et al. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosy,1998;5:19-22腹腔镜,猪大肠周围组织损伤小高功率(80W)较长时间(5 s)肠组织坏死深度 2mm,APC:可应用于下列的手术:,对部分粘连的肿瘤组织或部分邻近器官壁的肿瘤组织失活对向内生长的肿瘤组织或对放置支架后的增生组织失活对生长在有穿孔危险的组织中的肿瘤组织失活对多发性小息肉的治疗对广泛生长的腺瘤组织或高频切除后残余组织失活或止血对所有小出血或局部渗血的止血。如:肿瘤出血、探条或其他扩张术后出血等,APC:内镜治疗适应证,食管
6、疾病: Barretts食管、Zenkers憩室、 癌性及支架置入后狭窄等胃肠道出血:溃疡、创面出血、血管畸形胃肠道息肉:扁平、广基且直径1.5cm息肉胃肠道肿瘤:小灶性早癌及晚期姑息性治疗其他: Dieulafoy氏病、疣状胃炎等,APC:禁 忌 证,大出血伴休克或积血影响视野食管-胃底曲张静脉出血Mallory-Weiss 综合征广泛出血合并急、慢性心肌缺血、严重心率失常严重肺部疾病出血性疾病严重全身性疾病不合作者,APC:并 发 症,穿孔: 4% (6/125) Wahab et al. Endoscopy,1997;29:176-81 0.31% Grund et al. Endosc
7、 Surg,1994;2:42-6胃肠胀气局部肉芽肿性炎性息肉形成其它狭窄出血疼痛 (12.5%, n=40 Wu et al. )发热 Hauge et al. (Norway 97-99) : 122tre/80pat no complications excluding abd. pain,ARGON PLASMA COAGULATION,临 床 应 用 进 展,A P C,APC:Barrett 食管 (BE),metaplasia LGD HGD adenocacinoma黏膜切除(EMR)光动力治疗(PDT)激光热损伤治疗(KTP)手术APC (操作方便、价廉、疗效好),APC:B
8、arrett 食管 (BE),Byrne et al. Am J Gastroenterol, 1998;93:1810-5n=30, 治疗后随访618月(m=9)90%(27/30)组织学证实鳞取代柱上皮70%病变区被覆正常鳞状上皮30%新生鳞状上皮覆盖残留化生上皮无并发症发生,APC:Barrett 食管 (BE),Pereira Lima et al. Am J Gastroenterol,2000;95:1661-8n=33, m-age 55.2Barrett: m-length 4.05cm / range 0.5-7cmHistology: n=14 LGD, n=1 HGDAP
9、C: 65-70w Session: 1.96 (range 1-4)PPI: 60mg/d (treatment period)Side effects: pain/19, fever/5, stricture/3Complete restoration of squamous mucosa in all 33 casesFollow-up 10.6 mth: recurrence/1,APC:恶性肿瘤,姑息性治疗:消化道肿瘤性狭窄、梗阻减轻患者痛苦,改善生活质量Wahab et al. (n=32)食管癌/15 (长10cm/窄0.2cm):梗阻解除/8支架/3:再通,复位胃癌/10 (5
10、x5x3cm):有效姑息性切除/8肠癌/7:恢复正常通道,APC:息肉及腺瘤,胃-十二指肠-结肠较小息肉、腺瘤(2cm) 77个,先行圈套器分叶切除,随机分三组: n 分 组 APC 根除率(6m) 10 残留腺瘤组织 - 0% 32 未见残留组织 - 54% 30 残留腺瘤组织 (+) 50%残留组织APC治疗:有益降低复发率,瑞金消化,APC 治疗胃肠广基扁平息肉和出血与热凝电极治疗研究结果比较,APC:消化道出血,出血性消化性溃疡Cipolletta et al. Gastrointest Endosc,1998;48:191-5 40% active bleeding, 60%visi
11、ble vessel n 止血 再出血 死亡 手术 时间APC 21 95.2% 15% 4.7% 9.5% 60*HP 20 95% 21% 5% 15% 115*p0.05 safe-effective-faster hemostasis,APC:消化道出血,内镜电凝、电切后渗血胃肠大息肉、腺瘤广基、粗蒂十二指肠病灶有效封堵出血,提高临床安全性,APC:消化道出血,血管畸形(GAVE)放射性直-乙结肠(出血率6%-8%)Zenkers 憩室(分离憩室桥)疣状胃炎(40例212枚1月后95%症状改善,病灶缩小或消除,rjh),APC:应用体会,非接触性,无探头粘连,缩短治疗时间产生烟雾少,保
12、持良好视野,增加操作方便性凝固深度相对恒定,提高治疗安全性覆盖面积大,侧向优势,作用时间快,疗效明显适应征较广,对金属材料无损伤,临床实际可行除疼痛、腹账,穿孔等并发症少,瑞金消化,建议功率,APC:其他领域应用 (reported),hemorrhagic carditistonsillectomyinferior turbinate reductionbronchoscopycardiac surgerytrachetomyhereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT)skin surgery?,APC:关注问题 ? (G.I.),Applicati
13、on in: pre-malignant conditionsearly-stage malignant lesionsOrth et al. Chirurg, 1999;70:431-8esophagus: HGD/11 squamous ca./2APC: 4 times on averagefollow-up 3-42 mth: multiple biopsiessquamous regeneration in all/11 HGDSquamous ca. Recurrence 9-12 mth later APC didnt succeed in destroying ca.,续:,W
14、ahab PJ, et al Endosc 1997;29:176-81Byrne JP, e al Endosc 1997;29:E32Sessler M, et al J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1995;121:235-8 食管/胃/肠: 异常增生和早期癌 n =16 APC治疗12次: 治愈15例,成功率94%, 复发0%(随访514月),并发症0%联合EMR+APC提高疗效 APC治疗并不能保证其绝对的均匀性治疗后新生上皮下仍可能存在化生“危险”区域明确癌前病变或早癌的范围及程度至关重要,ASGE: Gastrointest Endosc 2002;55(7):8
15、07810 Technology Status Evaluation Report, Feb.2002,Indications and Efficacy:hemostasis (vascular ectasias-GAVE/bleeding ulcers, varices)ablation (barretts esophagus/polyps and remnant adenomatous tissue after polypectomy/debulking malignant tumors/miscellaneous),ASGE: Gastrointest Endosc 2002;55(7)
16、:807810 Technology Status Evaluation Report, Feb.2002,Safety: (complication rates 024%)gaseous distention/pneumatosis intestinalis/pneumoperotoneum/pneumomediastinum/subcutaneous emphasema/pain at the treatment site/chronic ulceration/stricture/bleeding/transmural burn syndrome/perforation/death,ASG
17、E: Gastrointest Endosc 2002;55(7):807810 Technology Status Evaluation Report, Feb.2002,Financial Consideration:more compact, mobile, versatile, less costly compared with lasermore complex and costly compared with thermal probes, however APC generator can be used with other devices,ASGE: Gastrointest
18、 Endosc 2002;55(7):807810 Technology Status Evaluation Report, Feb.2002,Cost-effectiveness:no formal cost-effectiveness studies have been published to data,ASGE: Gastrointest Endosc 2002;55(7):807810 Technology Status Evaluation Report, Feb.2002,Summarymajority of the published experience is non-ran
19、domized and retrospectivelimited published data indicate: attention to technique and at recommended settings/used safely for gastrointestinal endoscopic applicationappears to be best suited for hemostasis of diffuse superficial vascular lesions (GAVE) and radiation induced proctopathyinsufficient co
20、mparative data to assess: its performance relative to other modalities including cost-effectiveness analyses/for ablation therapy,ASGE: Gastrointest Endosc 2002;55(7):807810 Technology Status Evaluation Report, Feb.2002,THE ROLE OF APC FORHEMOATASIS AND ABLATIVE THERAPIES REQUIRES FUTHER STUDY prepared by technology committee: Ginsberg GG(Chair), Barkun A, Bosco JJ, et al,THANK YOUFOR YOUR ATTENTION,