1、1首届“中国石化杯”全国石油科技翻译大赛初赛试题Passage 1Petroleum (also called crude oil), in the unrened or crude form, like many industrial feedstocks has little or no direct use and its value as an industrial commodity is only realized after the production of salable products. Even then, the market demand dictates the
2、type of products that are needed. Therefore, the value of petroleum is directly related to the yield of products and is subject to the call of the market.Petroleum rening, also called petroleum processing, is the recovery and/or generation of usable or salable fractions and products from crude oil,
3、either by distillation or by chemical reaction of the crude oil constituents under the effects of heat and pressure. Synthetic crude oil, produced from tar sand (oil sand) bitumen, is also used as feed stocks in some reneries. Heavy oil conversion, as practiced in many reneries, does not fall into t
4、he category of synthetic fuels (syncrude) production. In terms of liquid fuels from coal and other carbonaceous feedstocks, such as oil shale, the concept of a synthetic fuels industry has diminished over the past several years as being uneconomical in light of current petroleum prices.As the basic
5、elements of crude oil, hydrogen and carbon form the main input into a renery, combining into thousands of individual constituents and the economic recovery of these constituents varies with the individual petroleum according to its particular individual qualities, and the processing facilities of a
6、particular renery. In general, crude oil, once rened, yields three basic groupings of products that are produced when it is separated into a variety of different generic, but often overlapping fractions. The amounts of these fractions produced by distillation depend on the origin and properties of c
7、rude petroleum. (282 words)Passage 2According to the International Energy Outlook 2013 Reference case, natural gas is the worlds fastest-growing fossil fuel, with consumption increasing from 113.0 trillion cubic feet in 2010 to 185.0 trillion cubic feet in 2040. It will continue to be the fuel of ch
8、oice for the electric power and industrial sectors in many of the worlds regions, in part because of its lower carbon intensity compared with coal and oil, which makes it an attractive fuel source in countries where governments are implementing policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In additio
9、n, it is an attractive alternative fuel for new power generation plants because of relatively low capital costs and the favorable heat rates for natural gas generation. 2Although there is more to learn about the extent of the worlds tight gas, shale gas, and coalbed methane resource base, the IEO201
10、3 Reference case projects a substantial increase in those suppliesespecially in the United States and also in Canada and China. In the United States, one of the keys to increasing natural gas production has been advances in the application of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing technologies
11、, which have made it possible to develop the countrys vast shale gas resources and have contributed to a near doubling of estimates for total U.S. technically recoverable natural gas resources over the past decade. (219 words)大赛时间1.初赛：2014 年 6 月 18 日2014 年 7 月 18 日：参赛选手访问中国石油大学（北京）外国语学院网站及中国国际能源舆情网。下载比赛原文，完成后发至大赛邮箱：PetrolT。2.2014 年 8 月 8 日在中国石油大学（北京）外国语学院网站及中国国际能源舆情网公布复赛名单。3.2014 年 8 月 23 日在中国石油大学（北京）举行现场笔译复赛，可选择参加口译比赛。首届“中国石化杯”全国石油科技翻译大赛组委会2014 年 6 月 18 日
