1、Kidney Physiology,YU Yanqin, PhDZhejiang University, School of Medicine,The paired kidneys form a filtrate of the blood that is modified by reabsorption and secretion; urine designated for excretion moves along the ureters to the bladder.,ExcretionPathway for excretion,Functions of the Kidney,Regula
2、tion of body fluid osmolality (渗透压)Regulation of electrolyte and water Excretion of waste products Regulation of acid and base,成人10002000m1/天-正常2500m1/天-多尿Polyuria400ml/天-少尿Oliguria100ml/天-无尿Anuria,Functions of the Kidney- Urine,Components of urine,water：9597solid：35salt：氯化钠、硫酸盐、磷酸盐，钾盐、铵盐等有机物：尿素、肌酐、
3、马尿酸、尿胆素,Property of urine,淡黄色比重：1.0151.025 pH值：5.07.0 渗透压：3601457mOsmL,Production of hormones: 1. Erythropoietin（促红细胞生成素）2. Renin（肾素） and Kinins（激肽）3. 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol（1,25-羟基维生素D3） 4. Prostaglandins A（前列腺素）,Functions of the Kidney,Structure of the Kidney,Nephron（肾单位）,Renal corpuscle（肾小
4、体） - Glomerulus （肾小球） - Bowmans capsule（肾小囊）Renal tubular system（肾小管）Proximal convoluted tubuleLoop of Henle（髓袢） - Descending thick limb - Descending thin limb - Ascending thin limb - Ascending thick limbDistal convoluted tubule Collecting duct system,Types of the Nephron,Cortical nephron（皮质肾单位）Juxt
5、amedullary nephron （近髓肾单位）,Differences between the Nephrons,Juxtaglomerular Apparatus（球旁复合体）,Juxtaglomerular cells球旁细胞 Renin-producing granular cells Macula densa致密斑Extraglomerular mesangial cells球外系膜细胞,The intersection of the macula densa in the distal tubule with the afferent and efferent arteriol
6、es forms the juxtaglomerular apparatus, which secretes the endocrine signal known as renin into blood in the afferent arteriole.,Blood Supply of the Kidney,1200 ml/min, 20 % of the cardiac output Cortex: 94 % Outer medulla: 5-6 % Inner medulla: 1.5m2 Acute glomerulonephritis急性肾小球肾炎 6) Permeability通透性 of the filtration membrane Albuminuria蛋白尿 or hematuria血尿,Summary,Terms Glomerular filtration rate Filtration fraction Effective filtration pressure,Summary,List the factors affecting glomerular filtration,Intensive Reading,Textbook of Medical Physiology (Guyton & Hall) Page 282-288 Page 290-293,
