1、1本科毕业论文外文翻译外文文献译文标题从一个省看新加坡会展业发展资料来源WWWBSCHOOLNUSEDUSG作者DOREENTAN新加坡有望成为下世纪的国际会展城市。尽管当地的会展业还年轻，但是通过在旅游方面取得的巨额收入，已经给当地的经济带来了巨大贡献。而且这些年来，当地展览业的质量在政府以及各私营企业的监督下，已经取得了长足的进步。而且当地的同行竞争者也在与时惧进，致使他们的发展状况在竞争中得以保持在领先的地位。会展业的定位由于新加坡经济燃料的国际性质，致使他的展览业快速发展。香港是新加坡在亚洲最亲密的贸易展览会的组织竞争者。然而,劳动力成本上涨会阻碍当地展览业的持续繁荣。新加坡的工人需要
2、支付比马来西亚、印尼、泰国高3到4倍的工资。而且生产效率没有跟工资同比例增加。还要考虑劳动成本,平均约为50的经营成本在新加坡需要通过控制工资增长和提高生产力来达成。在劳动力密集型的会展业，由于劳动力成本上涨,因此已经没有竞争优势。由于当前的经济危机,这个国家的地区现在能吸引更多的贸易展会是因为其低汇率。这些国家也正试图加强展会基础设施和增加空间来增加自己的市场份额。香港又增加了28,000，曼谷、吉隆坡有20000，马尼拉仅1997年就有26,000（贸发理事会,1998。除香港,在亚洲其它传统城市,如曼谷、吉隆坡、雅加达也开始发展他们的展览行业。例如,在会议、奖励旅游、展览等29个部门，马
3、来西亚具有预见会展业的潜力。在马来西亚的会展业总收入1997是RM955亿美元,同比增长7马来西亚旅游促进局,1998。马来西亚认识到具有更高消费能力游客的经济效益,并已开始积极推动其会展旅游业的发展和大力举办以销售为目的的世界级的展览和会议。马来西亚的会议、展览的组织者和供应商希望能够重新调整传统的国内重2要产业，并向更广的国际市场发展。这些举措给新加坡带来了巨大挑战。而由于展览服务提供商之间的相互竞争，因此新加坡和香港需要考虑合作创造一个更大的亚洲国际会展市场。而且经验丰富的新加坡旅游局STB和新加坡国际会展中心SICEC和香港官员也正在为这个目标而共同努力。在欧洲和美国发现，如果会展旅游
4、需要两国保持行业对会展更强的竞争力，那么结盟将使该行业进一步发展。联合促销会和新的大型表演的出现对该地区在接下来1015年产生巨大的影响。香港会关注中国和北亚地区，而新加坡将集中东南亚和印度次大陆。因为这个地区的目标市场可以避免直接的利益冲突。新加坡协会会议及展览组织者（SACEOS）SACEOS始建于1980年。其成员包括专业的会议展览的组织者,与展馆设施及相关服务的供应商。SACEOS的任务是提高展览业的专业水准,以确保会展业具有严格的职业行为规范。因此它具有起着调停和调解任何潜在的成员间以及不同集团的冲突的作用。这个协会帮助其在东南亚地区成员，为他们提供展览和会议行业各方面的课程教育。通
5、过这种方式，它不仅有助于一个人才能的发挥，还可以保证现有的产业升级。如果新加坡要保持其作为一个主要的国际会议及展览中心的地位，人员知识和技能的不断更新，这是必不可少的。时至今日,SACEOS在其创立二十年之后，继续起着为新加坡的会展业创造盈利的理想场所的重要作用。展览行业操作问题展览组织者需要负责的事情预定展览场地实际发生事件的可行做法，至少提前15至2年。展览主办者，包括像INTERFAMA和米勒弗里曼，声称这些较长的筹备时间是各种客观条件所要求的。首先,展览场馆在一年中有几个月时间的安排上是很紧凑的。这些高峰期尤其受欢迎,因为这些参展商大多是参加国际展览的海外企业。这就是为什么展览组织者最
6、渴望获得必要的展览场地,在这些高峰期他们想要确保所需的日期和场地的大小,因此他们需要尽早的预订。另外，大多数公司在分配给营销和促销金额的决定上，都要进行每年一次的编制预算。如果一个展览筹备时间不到一年，而且在这一时段的潜在参展商的预算无法满足，那么他将无法参加特定展览了。3最后,它需要时间来宣传正确的资料，争取更多的潜在参展商。首先,参展商必须通过各种渠道收集诸如贸易协会或组织者的相关数据。在了解了目标观众后,展览的组织者随即准备宣传册和目录寄到国外去。国际营销人员通常会花大量的时间出国展览。此外,通过各种贸易杂志、报纸和其他形式的媒体来设置适当的广告。让潜在的参展商摄取广告里面的信息后，在决
7、定采取进一步行动之前，在时间上有一定的空余。这样,展览的组织者就有较长的时间来给他们填补这个展览的空白期。然而,在这很长一段时间的策划过程中造成了很多问题。A巨大的费用展览场地至少一年提前预订，以免招致巨大的开支。至于必须支付的初始保证金就有10万美元多，是场地租金2年前所举办展览的费用。这昂贵的数字还需要中等规模的组织者必须以现金支付。因此前期项目的费用占了相当大的比例。B高风险由于商业性质，广告和促销通常需要大约20的项目预算。旅游和娱乐支出与其他行业相比也相对较高。由于国外客户定期促销和接待客人。因此,大部分的组织者的预算投资在未来的1到2年并没有保证盈利。C不可预测因素展览主办单位需要
8、通过对标准参展商可能会参展地点的预测，来作为将来的展示地点。高峰期预报的过程是一种常规的商业手段。经验和直觉在这里发挥主要作用。一般来说,每24年会发生普通事件,主办单位须建立自己的成功预测，来显示自己的商业本领。至于展览和新主题,北京奥组委将一开始以一个较小的空间来预测,因为他们缺乏处理这样的演出的经验。如果当前事件的组织者需要面对安排一个新增加场地的活动。而且由于筹备时间长，就不可能想出任何准确的估计。因此,组织者最初的预测就不会那么准确了。政府行动政府在宣传展览行业中扮演主要的角色。政府提供各种支持和联络功能的政策,旨在提高展览行业的服务质量。代言事件还被用来作为整个行业的评价基准。政府
9、机构的扩散规制使会展行业保持一定程度的性能标准。这被殷库或ATF发展贸易委员会经验和新加坡会议及展览局SECB公认为最好的一整组类似4的事件。如果ATF需要提交一项即将到来的事件的提案。仔细评估这项建议的术语库。只有该事件符合国际标准。用这种方法,贸易显示携带殷库/ATF标识语是依法经过资格认定的好条文。让外国参展商区分类似的主题。因此,组织者试图希望从这些获奖的活动中得到学习,以便他们能达到同样的性能。应该指出的是，这些奖项不仅限于大型的服装设计。5外文文献原文TITLEANINTROSPECTIVELOOKATTHEEXHIBITIONINDUSTRYINSINGAPOREMATERIAL
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25、SFIRSTLY,THEFACILITYCALENDARSOFTHEEXHIBITIONVENUESDURINGCERTAINMONTHSOFTHEYEARAREVERYTIGHTTHESEPEAKPERIODSAREESPECIALLYPOPULARBECAUSETHISISWHENEXHIBITORSAREMOSTWILLINGTOVENTUREOVERSEASFORINTERNATIONALEXHIBITIONSTHATISWHYEXHIBITIONORGANIZERSAREMOSTEAGERTOSECURETHENECESSARYSPACEDURINGTHESEPEAKPERIODST
26、OENSURETHATTHEYGETTHESPACEDURINGTHEDESIREDDATES,THEYHAVETOBOOKORCONFIRMTHEIRBOOKINGSWITHTHEHALLOWNERASEARLYASPOSSIBLEFURTHERMORE,THEAMOUNTALLOCATEDTOMARKETINGANDPROMOTIONSISDECIDEDFORMOSTCOMPANIESONCEAYEARDURINGBUDGETPREPARATIONIFTHELEADTIMEOFANEXHIBITIONISLESSTHANAYEARANDTHEPOTENTIALEXHIBITORSBUDGE
27、TPERIODDOESNOTFALLWITHINTHISTIMESLOT,ITWILLNOTBEABLETOSIGNUPFORTHATPARTICULAREXHIBITIONLASTLY,ITTAKESTIMETOCOMEUPWITHTHERIGHTPUBLICITYMATERIALS,ADVERTISEMENTSANDCAMPAIGNSTOWOOTHEDESIREDEXHIBITORSFIRSTANDFOREMOST,THENAMESANDPARTICULARSOFPROSPECTIVEPARTICIPANTSMUSTBECOLLECTEDVIAVARIOUSSOURCESSUCHASTRA
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37、IZERISREQUIREDTOSUBMITAPROPOSALOFTHEUPCOMINGEVENTTHISPROPOSALWOULDBECAREFULLYEVALUATEDBYTDBONLYEVENTSTHATMEETINTERNATIONALSTANDARDSAREENDORSEDINTHISWAY,TRADESHOWSTHATCARRYTHEAIF/ATFLOGOSARELEGALLYCERTIFIEDASGOODSHOWSANDENABLEFOREIGNEXHIBITORSTODIFFERENTIATEBETWEENSHOWSWITHCOMPARABLETHEMESHENCE,ORGANIZERSTRYTOLEARNFROMTHESEAWARDWINNINGEVENTSSOTHATTHEYCANACHIEVESIMILARPERFORMANCEITSHOULDBENOTEDTHATTHESEAWARDSARENOTONLYLIMITEDTOLARGE,ESTABLISHEDOUTFITS
