1、2018 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语试卷二Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark, A.B.C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because hu
2、mans have an inherent need to _1_ uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will _2_ to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will_3_.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scient
3、ists at the University of Chicago Booth School Of Business and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students willingness to _4_ themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one _5_, each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previo
4、us experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would _6_ an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. _7_ left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked mo
5、re pens and incurred more jolts than the students who knew what would _8_. Subsequent experiments replicated this effect with other stimuli, _9_ the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to _10_ is deeply ingrained in humans, much the same as the basic
6、drives for _11_ or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago, a co-author of the paper. Curiosity is often considered a good instinctit can _12_ new scientific advances, for instancebut sometimes such _13_ can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do _14_ things is
7、a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to _15_, however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to _16_ how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to _17_ to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the _18_ of following through o
8、n ones curiosity ahead of time can help determine _19_ it is worth the endeavor. “Thinking about long-term _20_ is key to mitigating the possible negative effects of curiosity,” He says. In other words, dont read online comments.1. A resolve B. protect C. discuss D. ignore2. A refuse B. wait C. seek
9、 D .regret3. A .rise B. last C. mislead D. hurt4. A. alert B. tie C. expose D. treat5. A. message B. trial C. review D. concept6. A. remove B. weaken C. deliver D. interrupt7. A. Unless B. If C. Though D. When8. A. happen B. continue C. disappear D. change9. A rather than B. such as C. regardless D
10、.owing to10. A. disagree B. forgive C. forget D. discover11. A. pay B. marriage C. food D. school12. A. begin with B. rest on C. learn from D. lead to13. A. withdrawal B. inquiry C. persistence D. diligence14. A. self-destructive B. self-reliant C. self-evident D. self-deceptive15. A. resist B. defi
11、ne C. replace D. trace16. A. predict B. overlook C. design D. conceal17. A. remember B. choose C. promise D. pretend18. A. relief B. plan C. outcome D. duty19. A. whether B. why C. where D. how20 .A. limitations B. Investments C. strategies D. consequences【答案】1. A resolve 2. C seek 3. D hurt 4. C ex
12、pose 5. B trial6. C deliver 7. D when 8. A happen 9. B such as 10. D discover11. C food 12. D lead to 13. B inquiry 14. A self-destructive 15. A resist16. A predict 17.B choose 18. C outcome 19. A whether 20. D consequencesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four pas
13、sages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He
14、is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and rote memorization, but practical, reports staff writer Stacy Teicher Khadaroo in this weeks cover story. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of th
15、e United States but be utterly bamboozled by a busted bike chain?As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffiti desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by asse
16、mbling a bicycle.But hes also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schools in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype . that its for kids who cant make it academically,” he says.On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical
17、 product of Americas evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new mantra. We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bach
18、elors degrees for all and the subtle devaluing of anything less misses an important point: Thats not the only thing the American economy needs. Yes, a bachelors degree opens more doors. But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill man
19、ufacturing, according to the National Skills Coalition, a nonprofit advocacy group. But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanish
20、ing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most arent equipped to do them. Koziateks Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziateks school is a wake-up call. When education becomes o
21、ne-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nations diversity of gifts.21. A brokan bike chain is mentioned to show students lack of _A. mechanical memorizationB. academic trainingC. practical abilityD. pioneering spirit22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who _A. are fi
22、nancially disadvantagedB. are not academically successfulC. have a stereotyped mindD. have no career motivation23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates _A. are entitled to more “educational privileges”B. are reluctant to work in manufacturingC. used to have more job opportunities
23、D. used to have big financial concerns24. The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all _A. helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB. may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC. is expected to yield a better-trained workforceD. indicates the overvaluing of higher education25. The authors attitude
24、toward Koziates school can be described as _A. supportiveB. disappointedC. tolerantD. cautiousTest 2While fossil fuels coal, oil, gas still generate roughly 85 percent of the worlds energy supply, its clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move to
25、renewable is picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewabl
26、e, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electr
27、icity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US, reported the US Energ
28、y Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels especially coal as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, a state he won easily in 2016, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind
29、 turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the states electricity generation and where tech giants such as Facebook, Microsoft, and Google are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question “what happens when the wind doesnt blow or the sun doesn
30、t shine?” has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries, and a dramatic drop in their cost, is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on ba
31、ttery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads in 2017, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While theres a long way to go, the trend lines for renewable are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding
32、up perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington does or doesnt do to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26. The word “plummeting” (line3.para2) is closest in meaning to _.A. rising B. fallingC. chang
33、ingD. stabilizing27. According to Paragraph 3.the use of renewable energy in America_.A. is progressing notablyB. is as extensive as in EuropeC. faces many challengesD. has proved to be impractical28. It can be learned that in Iowa_.A .wind is a widely used energy sourceB. wind energy has replaced f
34、ossil fuelsC. tech giants are investing in clean energyD. there is a shortage of clean energy supply 29. Which of following in true about clean energy according to paragraphs 5 Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes. It doesnt feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides ben
35、efit.This article was amended on 19 June 2017 to remove a reference to Apple which was not apt.31. According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its_.A. digital productsBuser informationB. physical assetsC. quality service32. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may _.A. worsen po
36、litical disputesB. mess up customer records C. pose a risk to Facebook usersD. mislead the European commission33. According to the author, competition law _A. should serve the new market powers B. may worsen the economic imbalanceC. should not provide just one legal solutionD. cannot keep pace with
37、the changing market34. Competition law as presciently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because _.A. They are not defined as customersB. they are not financially reliable C. the service is generally digitalD. the service are paid for by advertisers35. The ants analogy is used to illustra
38、te _A. a win-win business model between digital giantsB. a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC. the benefits provided for digital giants customersD. the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author o
39、f Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted Word, recommends building a habit of “deep work”-the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work-be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual ;or takin
40、g a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. At any given po
41、int, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar, I protect this time like I would a doctors appointment or important meeting,” he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you priorities youre day-in particular how we craft ou
42、r to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of messy: the power of Disorder to Transform Our lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to Set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals In much more det
43、ail, day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when is come to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective
44、, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy”.“Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vit
45、amin D is to the body.idleness is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,” he argues.Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard medical school, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate. When our brai
46、n switches between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.“what people dont realize is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocused circuits in their brain”, says Pillay.36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to_.A. seiz
47、e every minute to workB. list you immediate tasksC. make specific daily plansD. Keep to your focus time37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that_.A. students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsB. detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected C. distractions may actually incr
48、ease efficiencyD. daily schedules are indispensable to studying38. According to Newport, idleness is _.A. a desirable mental state for busy people B. a major contributor to physical healthC. an effective way to save time and energy D. an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes
49、that our brains shift between being focused and in focused_A. can bring about greater efficiencyB. can result in psychological well-beingC. is driven by task urgencyD. is aimed at better balance in work40. This text is mainly about _.A. Approaches to getting more done in less timeB. Ways to relieve
