1、Units 1315Unit 13 People基础知识梳理词汇梳理1. _ n. 胡须2. _ adj. 面部表情的3. _ n. 表情；表达能力；用词_ v. 表达；表示4. _ n. 联系；连接_ v. 连接；联系,5. _ n. 紧急情况6. _ adj. 有天赋的_ n. 天赋7. _ adv. 精确地；准确地8. _ n. 描述；形容_ v. 描述9. _ vt. 预言；预测10. _ vt. 应得；值得11. _ n. 失败_ v. 失败,12. _ adj. 错误的_ n. 错误13. _ n. 联合；协会14. _ adv. 如此；因此15. _ n. 可能性_ adj. 可
2、能的16. _ n. 残疾；无能力17. _ vt. 控告；谴责18. _ n. 闪电19. _ n. 个性;性格_ adj. 个人的,20. _ n. 售票员；指挥21. _ adj. 喜爱运动的_ n. 运动员22. _ adj. 独立的_ n. 独立23. _ adj. 自私的_ adj. 无私的24. _ adj. 敏锐的；锋利的；尖的25. _ n. 特点；特性26. _ n. 渴望；欲望,27. _ n. 满足；满意_ v. 满意；满足28. _ n. 收获29. _ n. 要求_ v. 要求30. _ prep. 在船(飞机、火车、公共汽车)上31. _ n. 助手；助理_ v.
3、 帮助；支持32. _ n. 翻译员33. _ n. 家庭教师；导师,34. _ adj. 不安的；不快的35. _ vi. 流血_ n. 血液36. _ adj. 断的；破的37. _ n. 减轻；宽慰_ v. 减轻；减缓38. _ vi. 躲避,自我校对1. beard 2. facial 3. expression; express 4. connection; connect 5. emergency 6. gifted; gift 7. accurately 8. description; describe 9. predict 10. deserve 11. failure; fa
4、il 12. mistaken; mistake 13. association 14. thus 15. possibility; possible 16. disability 17. accuse 18. lightning 19. personality; personal 20. conductor 21. atheletic; athlete 22. independent; independence 23. selfish;selfless 24. sharp 25. characteristic 26. desire 27. satisfaction; satisfy 28.
5、harvest 29. requirement; require 30. aboard 31. assistant;assist 32. translator 33. tutor 34. upset 35. bleed; blood 36. broken 37. relief; relieve 38. shelter,短语梳理1. _ 起草2. _ 禁不住要做某事3. _ 提出4. _ 控告某人某事5. _ 劝说某人干某事6. _ 宽慰地7. _ 怒目而视8. _ 心甘情愿干某事9. _ 脱落下来；掉下来10. _ 犯错误,自我校对1. draw up 2. cant help doing s
6、th. 3. come up with 4. accuse sb. of sth. 5. talk sb. into doing sth. 6. with relief 7. glare at 8. be willing to do sth. 9. come off 10. make mistakes,重点知识探究重点单词1. expression n. 表情；表达能力；用词He closed his letter with expression of grateful thanks.他在那封信的结尾表达了自己的感激之情。All their expressions were not true.
7、他们所有的表情不都是真的。Her voice lacked expression. 她的声音缺乏感情。The fashionable remarks of today often become the commonplace expressions of tomorrow.今天的时髦话往往变成明天的陈词滥调。,发散思维expressional adj. 表现的；表情的expressionism n. 表现主义；表现派expressionist n. 美表现主义者；表现派express vt. 表达；表述；陈述,知识拓展与expression有关的其他短语：an embarrassed expr
8、ession尴尬的表情a polite expression一种有礼貌的说法beyond expression无法形容；难以表达past expression无法形容；难以表达,find expression in表现为；在中表现出来；以表示find an expression for为找出一种表达方式;设法表达出give expression to表达；反映；表现；叙述without expression毫无表情地,探究练习 What do you think of the girl? Well, I think she is a girl whose beauty is _ and I a
9、ppreciate her very much. A. within description B. out of expressingC. within expression D. beyond expression,【解析】 D 考查了固定短语beyond expression 是“无法形容；难以描述”之意的用法。句意：我认为她是一个美得难以形容的女孩，而且我也很欣赏她。 within description “相对应”； within expression是“在描述的范围之内”，不符合语境。,2. emergency n. 紧急状况；紧急事件；紧急需要She has ability to
10、deal with the emergency.她有能力处理紧急情况。When in emergency, you should calm down and think it over before you decide how to do it.在紧急情况中，要平静下来，再作出决定应该如何做之前要仔细考虑一下。,知识拓展与emergency有关的其他短语：be prepared for all kinds of emergencies以备各种不测emergency exits 紧急出口emergency meeting 紧急会议emergency call 急救电话an emergency
11、treatment紧急治疗；急诊state of emergency紧急状态,in an emergency (=in case of emergency)遇到紧急情况；在紧急关头rise to the emergency能够应付紧急事变,探究练习The most important thing in dealing with the _ is to keep calm.A. emergency B. urgentC. necessity D. curiosity,【解析】 A 考查了emergency表示“紧急情况”之意的用法。句意：在处理紧急情况时，最重要的是保持镇定。urgent是形容词
12、，表示“紧急的；紧迫的”；necessity是“必要性”；curiosity是“好奇”，均不符合句意。,3. deserve vt. 应得；值得He deserves a reward for his efforts.他积极努力，值得奖赏。He deserved to be punished.他应该受到惩罚。Not worth it, I do not deserve you.不值得的，我不值得你这样。He has deserved well of his country.他有功于国家。,知识梳理deserve sth. 值得某物deserve to do / doing 值得做某事deser
13、ve ill of 有罪于deserve well of 有功于点津提示deserve不用于被动语态，也不用于进行时。,探究练习Considering all his efforts, I think he _ the success.A. needs B. deservesC. demands D. requires,【解析】 B 考查了deserve表示“值得；应受”之意的用法。句意：考虑到他所有的努力，我觉得他应该得到成功。 need相当于require是“需要”之意；demand是“要求；需要”，均不符合语境。,4. failure n. 失败；不成功(的人或事情)Failure te
14、aches success. 失败是成功之母。Production in the factories stopped because of frequent power failures. 频繁的停电使工厂停产。We should draw a lesson from failure.我们应该从失败中吸取教训。As a writer, he was a complete failure.作为一个作家,他是个完全失败的人。,点津提示failure表示“失败”时，是不可数名词，当表示“失败的人或事情”时，是可数名词。发散思维fail(1) vt. 在中失败He failed to pass the
15、 examination through carelessness.由于粗心,他考试没及格。(2) vi. 衰退；衰弱;破产;不足；短缺；缺乏The oil supply failed.石油供给不足。,(3) vt. 辜负;忘记；忽视；未能The car failed to climb the hill.这辆小汽车没能爬上山去。知识梳理fail to do sth. 干某事失败fail in sth. 在某方面失败without fail 无一例外；务必；一定,探究练习Although she _ the program, she learned much from the _.A. fail
16、ed about; fortune B. failed in; failureC. failed about; failures D. failed to; misfortune,【解析】 B 第一空处应该用fail in，表示“在某方面失败”之意；而第二空处应该用failure表示“失败的事情”之意。句意:尽管她在这个项目上失败了，但是她从这一失败中也学到了很多的东西。,5. accuse vt. 控告；谴责He was accused of incompetence.他被指责为不称职。They accused him of taking bribes.他们控告他受贿。,探究练习His ne
17、ighbour _ him _ playing the musical instrument too loudly.A. accused; with B. charged; withC. accused; of D. charged; of,【解析】 C 考查了accuse . of . 表示“指控、指责某人或某物”之意的用法。B项结构成立，但是，charge多是用来强调被指控者的过错相当严重，而且，要将这种过错郑重宣布。accuse 通常表示直接而严厉地指出某人的过错。由语境可知，C项是正确选项。,6. sharp adj. / adv.(1)锋利的；尖锐的Be careful with t
18、hat sharp axe. 那把斧子很锋利，你要当心。(2)急转的；陡峭的;突然的；急剧的There is a sharp bend in the road.路上有一个急转弯。(3)轮廓鲜明的;明显的;清晰的Black hair is a sharp contrast to a fair skin.黑色的头发与白皙的皮肤形成鲜明对比。,(4)灵敏的；机警的Birds have sharp eyes and dogs have sharp noses.鸟有敏锐的视力，而狗有灵敏的嗅觉。(5) adv. 准时地;突然地；急剧地Please be on hand at 12 sharp.请在十二点
19、整到这里来。The road turns sharp to the left. 公路向左急转弯。,求同存异sharp, keen, acute都含“锐利的”(包括它的引伸义)意思。(1)用于物时,sharp 指“尖或刃”，如:a sharp point“锐利的尖”。keen 一般指“刃”，如:a keen edge“锋刃”。acute 只用于学术语中，如:an acute angle“锐角”。(2)用于人时,sharp 表示“有洞察力的；精明的；机警的”,着重“狡猾”“不易受骗”。如:You wont catch him. Hes very sharp.你骗不了他,他精明极了。keen 表示人
20、的“锐敏”、“聪明”、“善于思索”。如：Hes a keen mind. 他头脑灵敏。,(3)acute侧重指“人观察事物的深刻性以及分辨问题的细致性”。如:He has given an acute analysis of the situation.他对形势做了深刻的分析。,探究练习将下列与sharp有关的短语翻译成汉语。(1)be sharp at figures _ (2)sharp eyes _ (3)a sharp nose _ (4)a sharp turn _ (5)a sharp morning _ (6)a sharp knife _ (7)a sharp voice _
21、(8)a sharp boy _ (9)sharp tongue _ (10)sharp words _,【答案】 (1)算得快 (2)敏锐的眼睛 (3)灵敏的嗅觉 (4)急转弯 (5)寒冷的早晨 (6)快刀 (7)尖声 (8)伶俐的孩子 (9)利嘴 (10)刻薄话;挖苦,7. desire n. & vt. 渴望；欲望Every desire that you might have can be fulfilled here.在这里，你的每一个愿望都能得到满足。They have a strong desire to win, which is needed for football.他们有
22、着很强的取胜欲望，而这正是足球所需要的。I desire happiness. 我渴望幸福。,知识梳理at sb.s desire 应某人的要求be all one can desire令人十分满意,好得不能再好了by desire 应邀have a strong desire for sth. / to do sth. 迫切想做某事desire sb. to do sth. 渴望某人干某事desire to do 渴望干某事,求同存异desire, wish, want都含“需要或希望得到”的意思。(1)desire属正式用语,可代替wish 和want,强调“主观愿望的热切性”,含有“强烈
23、希望做某事”的意思。如:He got the book he desired.他得到了他渴望得到的那本书。(2)wish语气比desire弱,一般用于“难以实现或不可能实现的愿望”,强调“主语的主观愿望”,指“希望”、“愿”、“想”。如:I wish I could have a new car.我多么希望有一辆新车(我要是有一辆新车就好了)。,(3)want多用于口语式普通场合,指“想”、“要”或“需要”,表示“较弱的偏爱；选择”或“强烈的需要；热爱”。如:I want a book.我要一本书。,探究练习He _, I will help him to make his wish come
24、 true.A. has a strong desire to go abroadB. having a strong desire going abroadC. has a strong desire going abroadD. having a strong desire to go abroad,【解析】 D 考查了have a strong desire to do sth. 的用法，表示“迫切想做某事”；由整个句式来看，后句是主句，此处应该用独立主格结构，作状语;故选择D项。,8. independent adj. 独立的；自立的；自主的He is independent of h
25、is parents.他不依赖父母而自立。They went camping so as to be independent of hotels.他们去露营,免得住旅馆。发散思维independence n. 独立；自主depend v. 依靠；依赖dependence n. 依赖；依靠dependent adj. 依赖的；依靠的,点津提示independent 多与介词of 连用，表示“独立于(某人或某物)”；而dependent 多与on 连用，表示“依靠(某人或某物)”。,探究练习I think you are too old to be _ your parents, after al
26、l, you have already turned 20.A. dependent of B. independent ofC. independent on D. dependent over,【解析】 B 考查了be independent of sb. / sth. 表示“独立于某人或某物”之意的用法。句意：我觉得你已经长大了，能够独立于你的父母了，毕竟，你已经到了20岁了。句中的too . to . 结构是“非常以至于”之意，而不是“太而不能”之意。,9. requirement n. 要求Your requirement that she wait till next week i
27、s reasonable.你要求她等到下周是有道理的。They cannot (choose) but admit that our requirement is reasonable.他们不得不承认我们的要求是合理的。发散思维require vt. 需要;要求;命令We did all that was required of us.我们做了要求我们所做的一切。,The emergency requires that it should be done.情况紧急,非这样做不可。The rules require us all to be present.按规定我们都要到场。The court
28、 required that he should pay the fine.法院下令他交付罚款。,知识梳理It is required that . 据要求require sth. of sb. 对某人有的要求require sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事,点津提示requirement后面所接的定语从句、同位语从句或表语从句以及require后面所接的宾语从句的谓语动词多用虚拟语气(should) do 的形式。,探究练习It is required that the customers requirement that the unqualified products _.A
29、. were rejected be met B. be rejected was metC. be rejected be met D. were rejected was met,【解析】 C 句意：据要求，顾客关于将不合格产品退回的要求应该得到满足。第一个that是引导主语从句，而第二个that是引导同位语从句，两个从句的谓语动词均用虚拟语气should do的形式，其中should可以省略。故选择C项。,10. upset (1)adj. 不安的；不快的There is no point getting upset about it. 犯不着为此事难过。She was upset th
30、at he had left without saying goodbye.他的不辞而别让她感到不快乐。(2)vt. & vi. 打翻；弄翻He upset a glass of wine. 他打翻了一杯酒。A tall bottle upsets easily. 高瓶子容易翻倒。,(3)vt. 打乱；扰乱The news upset him emotionally.这消息使他心烦意乱。It upsets me to think of her all alone in that big house.想到她孤身一人守着那所大房子，我就感到不舒服。点津提示upset的过去式和过去分词形式是upse
31、t, upset；其现在分词形式是upsetting。,知识梳理upset sb. to do sth. 干某事使得某人心烦be upset about sth. / that从句 对不安；对心烦,巧学助记,The little boy is doing his homework while a fly is always upsetting him, he is upset about it only to upset the glass full of water.小男孩在做作业，一只苍蝇老是嗡嗡地打扰他，小男孩很烦恼，结果失手打翻了装满水的杯子。,探究练习She finds the di
32、vorce too _ to talk about.A. upset B. disappointedC. upsetting D. anxious,【解析】 C upsetting是形容词，表示“令人心烦的；使人心烦意乱的”，修饰物；而upset是形容词或过去分词，多用来形容人具有的性质；disappointed是形容词，形容人，表示“失望的”；anxious是形容词，表示“焦急的；焦虑的”，多指人。,11. relief n. (痛苦等)缓解；减轻；解除;轻松；宽慰;救济Much to my relief, she found the lost boy. 令我宽慰的是，她找到了失踪的孩子。S
33、he sighed with relief. 她宽慰地舒了一口气。,知识梳理with relief 宽慰地；放松地to ones relief 使某人放心的是for the relief of 为了救济give sb. relief from pain 使某人减轻痛苦,探究练习To our great _, the children all arrived home safely.A. anxietyB. surpriseC. relief D. inspiration,【解析】 C 考查了to ones relief 表示“令某人宽慰的是”之意的用法。句意：令我们宽慰的是，孩子们都安全地回家
34、了。relief是“宽慰”之意；而anxiety是“焦虑”；surprise是“吃惊”；inspiration是“鼓舞；灵感”，均不符合句意。,12. glare(1) vi. 怒目而视He didnt shout; he just glared at me silently.他没有叫，只是默默地怒视着我。I hate being glared at by you. 我讨厌你这样怒视我。(2) n. 怒视；刺眼的光He gave me a hostile glare.他含有敌意地瞪着我。,These sunglasses are designed to reduce glare.这些太阳镜是为
35、了减少刺眼的强光而设计的。点津提示glare 多与介词at连用，表示“怒视(某人或某物)”。,探究练习 What made him _ you? My interrupting him constantly.A. stare at B. glare atC. gaze at D. glare over,【解析】 B 考查了glare at 表示“怒视(某人或某物)”之意的用法。由下文的语境可知，此处是“我不时地打断他让他对我怒目而视”。,13. devote vt. 专心致志于；献身于He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.他为全
36、人类的利益献出了自己的一生。We should devote ourselves faithfully to the duties of our profession.我们应当忠诚地献身于我们的职责。发散思维devoted adj. 热爱的；挚爱的devotion n. 奉献,His devotion to the cause of education is well-known.他对教育事业的献身精神是众所周知的。She is devoted to her studies.她专心于她的学习。devote . to . 把献给;把专用于devote oneself to致力于；献身于;专心于d
37、evotion to . 对的奉献be devoted to . 热爱,探究练习The time he has devoted in the past ten years _ the disabled is now considered _ of great value.A. to help; being B. to helping; to beC. to help; to be D. helping; being,【解析】 B devote . to doing sth. “把奉献于”；be considered to be . “被认为”。其中he has devoted in the p
38、ast ten years to helping the disabled为定语从句，修饰the time。故选B。,重点短语1. draw up 起草Has your lawyer drawn up the contract yet?你的律师把契约写好了没有?I think we can draw up a tentative plan now.我认为现在可以先草拟一个临时方案。,知识拓展与draw 有关的其他短语：draw in 收(网等);收回(借款等)；(车船等)驶进；开到draw into (车船等)驶进；开到draw it fine (区别得)十分精确draw near 走近;临近
39、draw off 排出；抽出；放掉(水等)draw on 穿上；戴上(靴子、手套等)；吸收；利用draw round 围在周围draw to 吸引到方面来；使接近draw together 把连接在一起；使团结起来；(使)一致,探究练习用与draw有关的短语填空。(1)If you are not sure about it, you can just _ it _.(2)The train _ and all the passengers got off.(3)As autumn _, leaves begin to fall from the trees.(4)The man _ his
40、trousers hurriedly.(5)I _ three pints of beer from the barrel.,【答案】 (1)draw; up (2)drew in (3)draws near (4)drew on (5)drew off,2. in terms of 就来说；从角度看；用的措辞This job is very tiring but in terms of the salary, it is good. 这份工作很是累人，不过，就薪水而言，还是很不错的。Femininity is still defined in terms of beauty.女性美仍然是按照
41、漂亮来定义的。,知识拓展与term有关的其他短语：be in terms 在谈判(交涉)中come to terms 屈服;妥协;达成协议;接受条件；对将就in any term 无论如何；在任何情况下in the long term 从长远来看in the short term 就眼前来说make terms with 和谈判(妥协、规定条件、达成协议)not on any terms (on no terms) 决不；无论如何不on bad terms 不和；关系不好,探究练习Do you approve of the idea that success can be measured _
42、 money alone?A. in case of B. in terms ofC. in favor of D. in view of,【解析】 B 考查了in terms of 表示“从角度看”。句意：你同意只是从金钱这个角度来衡量成功的观点吗？in case of 是“以防万一；如果”；in favor of 是“支持；赞成”；in view of 是“考虑到”，均不符合题意。,重点句型1. While your IQ tells you how intelligent you are, your EQ tells you how well you use your intellige
43、nce.尽管你的智商是告诉你你是多么的聪明，但是你的情商是告诉你你是如何利用你的聪明才智的。句中while是引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”之意。如：While he loves his students, he is very strict with them.虽然他爱他的学生, 可是他对他们很严格。While she looks like her mother, but she is different from her mother in personality.尽管她在长相方面和她的妈妈很相似，但是她在性格方面和她的妈妈不同。,知识拓展while的其他的用法：(1)while 用作名词时
44、，意为“一段时间；一会儿”。如：I stayed there for a short while.我在那儿呆了一小会儿。(2)while 用作连词时，有以下几种含义：意为“当时候；和同时”，引导时间状语从句。如：While I was watching TV, the bell rang. 我看电视时，铃响了。连接两个并列句子，表示“对比”关系。如：He went out for a walk， while I stayed at home.他出去散步了，而我却呆在家里。,探究练习_ she has been ill for several days, she was keeping on w
45、orking every day.A. When B. AsC. Now that D. While,【解析】 D 考查了while引导让步状语从句的用法。句意：尽管她已经病了很多天了，她仍然坚持天天上班。其余选择项均不符合语意。,2. On the other hand, there is little doubt that people with low EQs often have problems getting on with other people and dealing with difficult situations; thus they have a harder time surviving in life.另外，几乎毫无疑问低情商的人在与人相处和处理艰难处境方面常有困难；这样他们就更难生存下来。句中on the other hand是“另外一方面”之意；多与on one hand相对应，构成“on one hand . on the other hand ”的句式。如：I wont attend his party. On one hand I am busy, and on the other hand I havent received his invitation.我是不会去参加他的聚会的。一方面，我没有时间；另一方面，我没有收到他的邀请。,
