1、Unit 12 Culture Shock基础知识梳理词汇梳理1. _ vt. 欠(债)2. _ n. 道歉;认错_ vi. 道歉;认错3. _ vt. 吸收_ n. 吸收4. _ n. 期待的事物;预期_ v. 期待;期望,5. _ vt. 兑换;交换6. _ vi. 漫游;闲逛7. _ n. 大多数;大半8. _ adj. 合理的;正当的9. _ vt. 预订;预约10. _ n. 礼貌11. _ vt. 指明;表明_ n. 指明;表明12. _ adv. 好奇地_ adj. 好奇的_ n. 好奇,13. _ n. 请求14. _ n. 到达;抵达_ v. 到达;抵达15. _ adj.
2、熟悉的;常见的16. _ adj. 壮观的;极好的;极佳的17. _ adj. 友好的;乐于交友的18. _ adj. 小心翼翼的;谨慎的_ n. 小心;谨慎19. _ vt. 盯着看;凝视20. _ vi. 耳语;低语,21. _ vt. 进行;实施_ n. 进行;实施_ n. 管理人;指导者22. _ vt. 伤害_ n. 伤害_ adj. 受伤的23. _ vi. 爆发;喷发_ n. 爆发;喷发24. _ vi. 属于;该在(某处)_ n. 所属物,25. _ adj. 喜爱26. _ adj. 相反的27. _ vt. 携带;容忍28. _ vt. 饶恕;宽恕_ n. 饶恕;宽恕29.
3、 _ n. 预告;预展;预演30. _ n. 差别;差异31. _ n. 黄昏;薄雾32. _ n. 文学_ adj. 文学的,33. _ vt. 出口;输出34. _ n. 方面35. _ n. 校长36. _ adj. 非正式的37. _ n. 侦探,自我校对1. owe 2. apology; apologize 3. absorb; absorption 4. expectation; expect 5. exchange 6. wander 7. majority 8. reasonable 9. book 10. manners 11. indicate; indication 1
4、2. curiously; curious; curiosity 13. request 14. arrival; arrive 15. familiar 16. splendid 17. outgoing 18. cautious; caution 19. stare 20. whisper 21. conduct; conduction; conductor 22. injure; injury; injured 23. erupt; eruption 24. belong; belongings 25. fond 26. contrary 27. bear 28. forgive; fo
5、rgiveness 29. preview 30. contrast 31. dusk 32. literature; literary 33. export 34. aspect 35. headmaster 36. informal 37. detective,短语梳理1. 习惯于 _2. 给搭便车 _3. 给某人送行 _4. 属于 _5. 因此;作为结果 _6. 嘲笑 _7. 凝视;盯着看 _8. 坚持做 _9. 当心;小心 _10. 和相反 _11. 因而自豪 _,自我校对1. be used to 2. give sb. a lift 3. see sb. off 4. belong
6、 to 5. as a result 6. laugh at 7. stare at 8. insist on doing 9. look out for10. be contrary to 11. be proud of,重点知识探究重点单词1. owe vt. 欠(债);应给予;归功于I owe an apology to him.我还得向他道歉。He owes his good health to his regular life.他把自己的健康归功于生活有规律。,探究练习翻译句子。(1)由于下雨,比赛取消了。_(2)他欠他父亲50美元。_(3)他认为他的成功靠运气而不是靠能力。_,【答
7、案】 (1)Owing to the rain, the match was cancelled.(2)He owes his father 50. He owes50 to his father.(3)He owes his success more to luck than to ability.,2. absorb vt.吸收;吸引注意力;使并入;使专心;理解;耗费;承担Black objects absorb heat more. 黑色的物体吸热多。I havent really had time to absorb everything that he said.事实上我真地没有时间
8、弄懂他说的一切。The company will absorb all the costs.公司将负担一切费用。,知识梳理(1)absorb sb. / ones attention吸引某人某人的注意力absorb heat / light吸收热光(2)be absorbed by被吞并;为所吸收(3)absorbed adj.全神贯注的be absorbed in 专心致志于;全神贯注于Victor lay on the bed, absorbed in his book.维克托躺在床上,专心致志地看书。The surrounding villages have been absorbed
9、by the growing city.周围的村庄已经并入那个不断扩展的城市。,巧学助记,探究练习(1)Completely _ in her painting, she didnt notice my coming in.A. absorbed B. missingC. losing D. devoted,【解析】 A 考查分词作状语。句意：由于她全神贯注于她的绘画,没有发现我进来了。be absorbed in“全神贯注于”符合句意;而lose常用作be lost in; devoted则常与to连用。,(2)In this factory, suggestions often have
10、to wait for months before they are fully _.A. considered B. admittedC. absorbed D. acknowledged,【解析】 A 句意：在这家工厂,建议通常要几个月之后才能得到全面考虑。consider“考虑”; admit“承认;录取”; absorb“吸收”; acknowledge“承认的权威”。结合句意选A。,3. exchange vt. 交换;兑换;交流 n. 交换;兑换Therere many other places where people can meet and exchange ideas.还有
11、许多其他地方,在那里,人们可以见面并交流思想。Would you like my old TV in exchange for this camera?用我的旧电视换这架照相机,你愿意吗？Exchange a palace for a cell. 舍宫殿而取茅屋。,知识梳理与exchange有关的其他短语：exchange ideas 交换意见in exchange for 作为对的交换exchange students 交流生;交换生make an exchange 交换exchange words 争吵;吵架exchange seats with sb. 与某人调换座位exchange A
12、 for B 以B交换Aexchange sth. with sb. 同某人交换某物,巧学助记,探究练习This boy is very clever. He had the girl _ her toy _ his candy.A. serving; for B. exchange; forC. exchanging; with D. serve; as,【解析】 B 句意：那个男孩很聪明,他让女孩用玩具换了他的糖。have sb. do sth.是个固定用法,“让某人做某事”;exchange A for B“以B交换A”,符合句意。,高考体验(2010湖北)It is illegal f
13、or a public official to ask people for gifts or money _ favors to them.A. in preference to B. in place ofC. in agreement with D. in exchange for,【解析】 D 句意：对于一个公职官员来说要求人们送礼或送钱来与对人们的帮助交换是非法的。in preference to“优先于”; in place of“代替”; in agreement with“同意；与一致”; in exchange for“交换”。,4. apology n. 道歉;歉意I mu
14、st make an apology to him for not going to his party.没有参加他的聚会,我得向他道歉。I demand an immediate apology from you.我要求你立即道歉。,知识梳理与apology有关的其他短语：make an apology to sb. for sth. 因为某事向某人道歉accept ones apology 接受某人的道歉owe sb. an apology 应该向某人表示道歉发散思维apologize vi. 道歉I came to apologize to you for my rudeness.我来是
15、为我的粗鲁而向你道歉的。,探究练习The boy was made to _ for being late for school.A. pardon B. forgiveC. excuse D. apologize,【解析】 D 句意：这个男孩因为上学晚了被迫道歉。apologize to sb. for sth. / doing sth. “因某事/做某事向某人道歉”,符合句意及搭配;其他词都指“原谅;宽恕”,不符合句意。,5. majority n.大半;大多数The majority is / are in favour of banning smoking in public.大多数人
16、公开地支持禁烟。He won the seat with a majority of 73 votes.他以73票的优势赢得了该席位。The young were in the majority at the meeting.这次会议年轻人占了多数。,知识梳理be in the majority 构成多数;占多数a majority of 大多数by / with a majority 以多数minority n. 少数;少数民族for a minority 对少数人来讲be in the / a minority 占少数,点津提示(1)the majority of . 作主语时,其后的谓语
17、动词的数取决于of之后的名词;the majority作主语时,谓语动词既可用单数,也可用复数。(2)majority常由great修饰,表示most of;与介词连用作状语时用不定冠词“a an”。例如：He won by a majority of 500.他以500票的优势获胜。,探究练习(1)Among the members of the committee those who favor the proposed changes are in the _, so the scheme was passed.A. majority B. minorityC. maximum D. m
18、inimum,【解析】 A 考查名词辨析。in the majority“占多数”。句意：委员中赞成修改意见的占大多数,这样方案就通过了。majority“多数”; minority“少数”; maximum“最大;极大”; minimum“最小;极小”;C、D两项常用于指数学上的最大值和最小值。,(2)The majority of doctors _ smoking is harmful to _.A. believe; health B. believes; healthC. believe; the health D. believes; healths,【解析】 A 考查主谓一致及名
19、词。the majority of . 作主语时,其后面的谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面的名词,所以排除B、D两项。health为不可数名词，故正确答案为A。,6. indicate v.指示;表明;象征During our meeting, he indicated his willingness to cooperate.在我们会晤期间,他提及了合作的意愿。I indicated that his help was not welcome.我表示他的帮助不受欢迎。,indicator n.指示信号;标志;迹象They gave no indication of how the work s
20、hould be done.他们根本没说明这项工作该怎样做。There are clear indications that the economy is improving.有明显的迹象显示经济已开始好转。,探究练习The shortage of teachers in less developed areas seems to _ that teaching there offers _ chance of advancement or pay increases.A. show; few B. indicate; littleC. suggest; a few D. express; a
21、 little,【解析】 B 句意：欠发达地区的师资不足似乎表明那里没有教学发展或工资增长的可能。根据语境及“the shortage of teachers”判断第二空为否定推断,故用little chance of,由此推断出第一空用indicate意为“表明”。,7. manners n. 礼貌;习俗She has written a book on the manners and customs of the ancient Egyptians.她写了一本关于古埃及人风俗习惯的书。She has such good manners.她是那样彬彬有礼。Its bad manners to
22、 chew with your mouth open.张着嘴嚼东西是不礼貌的。,知识梳理manner n.方式;方法in the manner of以的风格方式in a manner(=in a way to some degree)在某种程度上Why are you talking in such a strange manner?你为什么用这种奇怪的方式谈话?She has a very pleasant manner.她举止和蔼可亲。,点津提示manner当“礼貌”讲时,常用复数形式;作“方式;方法”讲时,常用单数形式;作“态度;举止”讲时只用单数形式。,探究练习The _ in whi
23、ch the decision was announced was extremely regrettable.A. means B. mannerC. approach D. method,【解析】 B 考查名词辨析。句意：宣布决定的方式非常令人遗憾。由in which判断先行词必须与介词in搭配,四个选项中只有manner与in连用。means与by连用, method与with搭配。,8. request vt. 请求Students are requested not to enter the lab without permission. 没有允许学生们不能进入实验室。We requ
24、est that the discussion (should) be put off.我们要求推迟讨论。点津提示 request后跟从句要用虚拟语气,由“should+动词原形”构成, should可以省略。,知识梳理request sth. from sb. 向某人要某物request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事request that sb. (should) do sth. 要求某人做某事request for sth. 要求得到at the request of sb. / at ones request 应某人之要求by request 按要求,探究练习Dont
25、respond to any e-mails _ personal information, no matter how official they look.A. searching B. askingC. requesting D. questioning,【解析】 C 句意：不要回复任何要求个人信息的邮件,不管它们看起来多么的正式。request“要求;需要”,后可直接跟名词作宾语,符合题意; search“寻找;搜寻”, search sb. “搜索某人”, search a place “搜索某个地方”;ask搭配为：ask sb. for sth. / ask for sth. ;
26、 question “询问”,后面往往跟人作宾语。,高考体验(2010湖北)Duty is an act or a course of action that people _ you to take by social customs, law of religion.A. persuade B. requestC. instruct D. expect,【解析】 D 句意：职责义务是人们依据社会习俗、法律或者宗教信仰期望你践行的行动或行为过程。根据职责的定义可知，它是人们的一种期待（expect）而不是请求（request），因此选择D。persuade“说服；劝告”; request“要
27、求；请求”; instruct“命令；指求”，这三项均与语境意义不符。,9. familiar adj. 熟悉的;常见的;亲切的Your name is familiar to me. 你的名字我很熟悉。He is familiar with three languages.他精通三种语言。知识梳理be / get familiar to sb. 为某人所熟悉be / get familiar with sth. 对某物熟悉,探究练习The Oriental Pearl TV Tower is _ all Shanghai citizens.A. famous for B. familiar
28、toC. pleased with D. interested in,【解析】 B 考查形容词词组含义。句意：东方之珠电视塔为所有上海市民所熟悉。be famous for“因而出名”; be familiar to“(某物)为所熟悉”,符合题意; be pleased with“对感到满意”; be interested in“对感兴趣”。,10. stare v. 盯;凝视She was staring into the distance. 她凝视远方。His eyes stare at what is left of the brothers dinner on the table.他的
29、眼睛盯在兄弟俩留在餐桌上的残羹剩菜上。求同存异stare at, glare at, glance at,探究练习_ him and then try to copy what he does.A. Mind B. Glance atC. Stare at D. Watch,【解析】 D 考查词义辨析,句意：观察他然后试着重复他的做法。模仿前需要watch “观察”而不是glance at“瞥一眼”或stare at“盯着看”,更不是mind“介意”。,11. belong vi. (常与to连用) 属于;是成员;应归于The book belonging to my uncle is of
30、great value.我叔叔的那本书很有价值。The vase belongs to him. 花瓶是他的。点津提示belong to 不用于进行时,也没有被动语态。发散思维belonging n. (常用复数)所有物;行李,探究练习翻译句子。(1) 你是网球俱乐部的成员吗？_(2) 把椅子放回原处。_,【答案】 (1) Do you belong to the tennis club?(2) Put the chair back where it belongs.,12. attach vt. 系;固定I attach great importance to this research.我
31、认为这项研究十分重要。They have attached a number of conditions to the agreements. 他们在协议上附加了一些条件。,知识梳理attach sth. to sth. 把附在上attach to sb. / sth. 与有关联be attached to . 对依恋attach importance / significance / value to sth. 认为重要;有意义;有价值发散思维attached adj. 附属于;依恋;爱慕attachment n. 附着;附属;附属物;附件,探究练习翻译句子。(1)这所中学附属于一所师范院校
32、。_(2)他往行李上贴了一个标签。_,【答案】 (1)This middle school is attached to a teachers college.(2)He attached a label to his baggage.,13. contrary n. (常与the连用)相反;反面;对立面 adj. (常与to连用)相反的;相对的An examination of the facts proves the contrary.仔细考查事实之后发现情况正好相反。Contrary to popular belief, many cats dont like milk.与大家的看法相反
33、,许多猫并不喜欢牛奶。知识梳理be contrary to . 和相反on the contrary 相反地,探究练习If I dont hear anything _, Ill meet you at 7:00 oclock outside the cinema.A. on the contrary B. to the contraryC. at the first place D. as a result,【解析】 B 句意：如果我没听到相反的情况的话,我就会在七点在电影院外面等你。on the contrary 与to the contrary 二者均表示“恰恰相反”, to the c
34、ontrary 在句子中作定语,修饰前面的anything;而on the contrary只能单独使用,作状语;at the first place “在第一个地方”;as a result“因此;结果”。,14. forgive (forgave, forgiven) vt. 原谅;宽恕They forgave him for his rudeness. 他们原谅了他的无礼。发散思维forgiveness n. 原谅;宽恕forgiving adj. 宽宏大量的;宽容的知识梳理forgive sb. for sth. / doing sth.原谅某人某事/做了某事ask for / beg
35、 for forgiveness 请求原谅,Please pardon my asking, but isnt my text book on your desk?对不起,请问,我的课本是在你的桌子上吗？She was so kind as to forgive her intimate friend who had betrayed her when she was in a great difficulty.她如此善良,竟能原谅在她处境最艰难时背叛她的挚友。Please excuse me for using your telephone without asking permission
36、. I thought you wouldnt mind.请原谅,我没有得到你的允许就用了你的电话,我想你不会介意吧？,探究练习Please forgive him _ not telling you the truth ahead of time.A. for B. withC. at D. to,【解析】 A 考查固定搭配forgive sb. for sth. / doing sth. “原谅某人某事/做了某事”,故选A项。,15. addition n.U加法;增加C增加的人或物;附加物The expenses of the household, with the addition o
37、f a nurse, were heavy.加了一个保姆,家庭开销很大。He has another addition to his family.他家里又添了个孩子。知识梳理in addition 另外;此外in addition to 除之外(还)发散思维additional adj. 附加的;另外的;追加的,探究练习What a terrible day! I was late for class this morning. _, I forgot to take my homework.A. Consequently B. HoweverC. In addition D. Theref
38、ore,【解析】 C 句意：多糟糕的一天啊！我今天早上上学去晚了,另外,我还忘了带我的作业。in addition“除之外(还)”，符合句意; consequently表结果,“结果是”; however表转折,“然而”; therefore表顺承,“因此”。,重点短语1. get / be used to 习惯于Hes quite used to working hard.他很习惯于艰苦工作。点津提示become / grow / get / be used to sth. / doing sth. 习惯于某事/干某事,相当于become / grow / get / be accustom
39、ed to sth. / doing sth.,知识拓展与use有关的其他短语：be used to do sth. 被用来做某事be used for sth. 被用作be used as sth. 作为来用used to do sth. 过去常常in use 在使用着put sth. to use 使用;利用make use of 利用be of use 有用的,发散思维use n. used to do sth. “过去常常做某事”, to后面跟动词原形。I used to live in the city, but now I am used to living in the coun
40、tryside.我过去住在城市,但我现在习惯于住在乡村。,探究练习My sister has been in America for half a year. She _the life there.A. is use by B. used toC. is used to D. is used for,【解析】 C 句意：我的姐姐已经在美国生活了半年,她已经习惯了那里的生活。be used to sth. / doing“习惯于”,固定搭配。 A项形式错误,若改为be used by,则意为“由用”;B项意为“过去常常”,后面跟动词原形; D项意为“被用作”。,2. give sb. a li
41、ft 让某人搭便车Can you give me a lift to the station?你能顺便送我去车站吗？They managed to give her a lift to Paris.他们设法让她搭便车去巴黎。,探究练习 If youre driving to the airport, can you give me a _?A. hand B. seatC. drive D. lift,【解析】 D 考查固定搭配。句意：如果你开车去机场的话,能让我搭个便车吗?give sb. a lift “让某人搭便车”,符合题意; give sb. a hand “帮某人一个忙”; giv
42、e sb. a seat “给某人让座”, drive搭配不正确。,3. see . off 给送行My friend John leaves at seven. Ill see him off at the station. 我的朋友约翰在七点离开。我要去车站为他送行。点津提示 see off sb.=see sb. off,但宾语是代词时必须放在中间。知识拓展与see有关的其他短语：see about 料理;办理see after 照应;照顾see into 调查see through 看穿;识破;帮某人渡过难关see to 负责;注意,探究练习John is leaving for Lo
43、ndon tomorrow and Ill _ him _ at the airport.A. send; away B. leave; offC. see; off D. show; around,【解析】 C 考查固定搭配。句意：约翰明天要去伦敦,我会到机场去为他送行。see . off“给送行”,符合题意; send . away“发送;派遣;驱逐;解雇”; leave off“停止;不再穿”; show sb. around . “领某人参观某处”。,重点句型1. I wish your visit wasnt going to be so brief but theres a lot we can do and see in a week.我希望你的来访不会太短暂,但一周内有许多我们能做的和能看的。wish后面跟从句要用虚拟语气,表示与现实不相符的一种假设。和现在将来事实相反用一般过去时,和过去事实相反用过去完成时。How I wish I were a bird and flew in the sky！我多希望是只小鸟在天上飞啊！I wish I had taken your advice！我多希望听从了你的建议啊！,
