1、Unit 14 Careers基础知识梳理词汇梳理1. _ n. 指导_ v. 指导2. _ n. 机构；学院3. _ n. 负责4. _ n. 错误5. _ n. 理解6. _ n. 援助；帮助7. _ vt. 请教；查阅8. _ vi. 争吵；吵架9. _ n. 片刻,10. _ n. 约会；约见_ v. 约会；约见11. _ n. 基础；根据_ v. 以为基础；建立的基地12. _ adj. 附近的；周围的13. _ n. 智慧_ adj. 聪明的；有智慧的14. _ adj. 低年级的15. _ n. 宇宙16. _ vt. 战胜；克服,17. _ vt. 理解；领会；抓牢；抓紧18.
2、 _ v. 仔细检查19. _ adj. 不合法的；违法的_ adj. 合法的20. _ vt. 投入21. _ n. 存在_ v. 存在22. _ adv. 不断地23. _ adv. 在底下24. _ v. 弯腰；倾身,25. _ v. 犹豫；踌躇_ n. 犹豫；徘徊26. _ n. 判断；判断力_ v. 判断；断定27. _ v. 减少；降低28. _ v. 乘；大量增加29. _ vi. 运作；运转；操作_ n. 手术；运作；操作30. _ vi. 回答；回复_ n. 回答,31. _ vt. 打扰；烦扰32. _ v. 恐慌；惊慌33. _ n. 舒适；安逸_ v. 使舒适；使舒服_
3、 adj. 舒服的；舒适的34. _ vt. 羡慕；妒忌_ adj. 嫉妒的；羡慕的35. _ adj. 灵活的；柔韧的,自我校对1. guidance; guide 2. institute 3. charge 4. error 5. comprehension 6. aid 7. consult 8. quarrel 9. instant 10. appointment; appoint 11. basis; base 12. surrounding 13. wisdom;wise 14. junior 15. universe 16. overcome 17. grasp 18. ins
4、pect 19. illegal; legal 20. commit 21. existence; exist 22. constantly 23. beneath24. bend 25. hesitate; hesitation 26. judgement; judge 27. decrease 28. multiply 29. operate; operation 30. respond; response 31. bother 32. panic 33. comfort; comfort; comfortable 34. envy; envious 35. flexible,短语梳理1.
5、 _ 接管；接替2. _ 编造3. _ 听出；看出4. _ 讨论；细谈5. _ 大声地说；自由而大胆地说出6. _ 信任；信仰7. _ 反转8. _ 得到好结果；取得成功,9. _ 跟上；赶上10. _ 万一11. _ 由于12. _ 此外13. _ 坐直,自我校对1. take charge of 2. make up 3. make out 4. go into details 5. speak up 6. believe in 7. turn over 8. pay off 9. keep up with 10. in case 11. due to 12. in addition 13
6、. sit up,重点知识探究重点单词1. reward (1)n. 报酬；报答；奖赏；报偿；赏金；酬金He will expect some rewards after working so hard.他工作很努力,会得到报偿的。The police are offering a big reward for information about the robbery.警方出大笔赏金要求提供那起抢劫案的破案线索。,(2)vt. 酬谢；奖赏His efforts were rewarded by success.他的努力获得了成功。She rewarded the boy with10 for
7、 his help.她因那男孩的帮助而酬谢他十美元。,知识梳理as a reward for 作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏in reward for 作为对的回报be rewarded by success 获得了成功give / offer a reward to sb. for sth. 为某事而给某人报酬reward sb. for sth. 为某事报答某人reward sb. with . for sth. 为某事而以报答某人,求同存异award， reward， prizeaward指一种官方的奖励行为，往往鼓励在工作中达到成就或所提出的要求而进行的一种奖励。强调荣誉而不在乎奖品的大小
8、或奖金的多少。如：Mr. Wang has been awarded the title of “Advanced Workers”.王先生被授予了“先进工作者”的称号。reward多指对某人的工作或服务等的报答。如帮助警察抓到罪犯或帮助失主找到东西而得到赏金、酬金。如：His reward for his loyal support for the party was a seat in the Cabinet.在内阁安置了他一个席位作为他对那个政党衷心支持的报答。,prize多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽彩中所赢得的奖。这种奖赏有的凭能力获得，有的凭运气获得。如：A prize was give
9、n to the person who had the winning number.奖品奖给了那个获得中奖号码的人。巧学助记As a reward for his contributions, he was awarded the first prize for Outstanding Industrial Design.作为对他贡献的奖赏，他被授予“杰出工业设计”一等奖。,探究练习He got nothing _ his hard work and felt very sad and disappointed.A. in reward to B. as a reward toC. in r
10、eward for D. in return to,【解析】 C 考查了in reward for 表示“作为对的回报”之意的用法。相当于in return for。句意：他的辛苦劳动没有得到任何的回报，他感到很伤心和失望。,2. charge (1)vt. 收费；要价;指控；充电；负责He charged two dollars from me for repairing the bike.他因为修自行车而向我索价两美元。They charged the police with beating three students to death. 他们指控警察将三名学生殴打致死。He is ch
11、arging a storage battery. 他在为蓄电池充电。,(2)n. 费用；价钱;控告；指责;充电;掌管This ward is in the charge of Dr. Green.这间病房是由格林大夫负责的。Mary was in charge of the baby.玛丽负责照料这个婴儿。All the drinks including beer are free of charge.全部饮料包括啤酒在内都是免费的。,知识梳理at ones own charge(s) 自费；用自己的钱bring a charge of sth. against sb. 指控某人犯罪have
12、 (the) charge of 负责；主管free of charge 免费地in charge of 在掌管之下；由经营in the charge of sb. 由某人负责；由某人照料(管理)put down to sb.s charge 把记在某人帐上take charge of 负责；看管charge for trouble 手续费charge . with . 控告(某人)犯(某罪),探究练习It was promised that the package would be delivered _.A. free charge B. free from the chargeC. fr
13、ee of charge D. free in charge,【解析】 C 考查了free of charge表示“免费地”之意的用法。句意：据承诺：包裹会免费送到。,3. consult vt. 请教；查阅 vi. 商议(量)；考虑；磋商；做咨询工作He consulted the workers to understand the technical process. 他询问工人,想了解技术上的程序。He consulted a doctor about his illness.他向医生咨询疾病的情况。The teacher told us not to consult the dicti
14、onary. 老师让我们不要查词典。They are consulting about the matter with each other.他们互相商议此事。,知识梳理(1)consult with sb. about sth. 关于某事与某人商谈consult sb. about sth. 关于某事咨询某人consult sth. 查阅某物(2)consultant n.顾问,巧学助记,探究练习If you have anything that you dont understand in this chapter, you should _ our teacher.A. look up
15、B. consultC. consult with D. refer to,【解析】 B consult with sb. 表示“与某人商谈”之意；而此处是指“咨询某人”，故用consult sb.,高考体验(2011湖北)The minister said, “We are ready for discussions with any legal parties, but well never _ with criminals.”A. negotiate B. quarrelC. argue D. consult,【解析】 A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：部长说：“我们可以和任何合法团体进行讨论
16、，但是我们永远不会和犯罪分子谈判。”negotiate“谈判；协商”；quarrel“争吵”；argue“争辩；争论”；consult“咨询”。,4. quarrel vi. 争吵；吵架She quarreled with her brother over their fathers will. 她和弟弟因为父亲遗嘱的事情而起了争执。The young couple always quarrel with each other about the education of their children.这对年轻的夫妇经常因为孩子的教育问题而争吵。知识梳理quarrel with sb. abo
17、ut / over sth. 关于某事和某人争吵,探究练习Dont _ the trifling, but be tolerant of each others behavior and ideas.A. quarrel with B. argue withC. quarrel about D. disagree with,【解析】 C 考查了quarrel about sth. 表示“因为某事而争吵”之意的用法。句意：不要因为小事而争吵；而是要彼此包容彼此的行为和观点。quarrel with后面多接人作宾语，表示“和某人争吵”之意；argue with后接表示人的宾语，表示“和某人辩论”；
18、disagree with表示“不同意(某人/某物)”，均不符合句意。,5. basis n. 基础；根据Trust is the basis of lasting friendship.信任是保持友谊的基础。This is the basis on which I had the judgment.这就是我下结论的基础。,求同存异base, basis, foundation(1)base“基础；底部”多指露出地面的,有形的具体基础底部及支架。如：The base of the column is quite firm.这柱子的基础是牢固的。(2)basis “基础；根据”主要用于比喻,也指
19、信念,议论等的根据。如：The basis of his opinion is something he read in the paper.他的意见的根据是从报纸上看来的。,(3)foundation “根本；基础”与basis大致同义,但更具体,通常指建筑物的地基,也可引申为“根据”。如：The story has no foundation.这个故事没有根据。,探究练习This conclusion was drawn _ the scientific data.A. on the basis of B. at the basis ofC. on the base of D. at th
20、e base of,【解析】 A 考查了短语on the basis of表示“建立在的基础上”之意的用法，表示抽象概念。而on the base of是强调“建立在实物的基础上”，不符合句意。,6. surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的 n. 环境(多用复数形式表示)There are many factories in the surrounding area. 在附近的地区有很多的工厂。We should try all our best to protect our working surroundings. 我们应该竭尽全力保护好我们的工作环境。点津提示surroundi
21、ng用作名词时，多用复数形式表示“环境”。,探究练习As a matter of fact, nobody likes to work in the unpleasant _.A. surround B. surroundingC. surroundings D. surrounded,【解析】 C 考查了surroundings表示“环境”之意的用法。句意：事实上，没有人喜欢在令人不愉快的环境中工作。,7. overcome vt. 战胜；克服We should try all our best to overcome the difficulties.我们应该努力地战胜困难。They we
22、re overcome with / by sadness. 他们被悲伤所征服。点津提示overcome的过去式和过去分词分别是overcame 和overcome。,探究练习They tried every way that they could think of _ the unexpected trouble in front of them.A. to overcome B. overcomingC. to overlook D. overlooking,【解析】 A 考查了overcome表示“战胜”之意的用法。that they could think of是一个定语从句，修饰先行
23、词every way;空白处用动词不定式短语修饰every way，表示“干某事的方法”。句意:他们尝试了他们所能够想到的一切方法去战胜他们面临的意想不到的麻烦。,8. grasp vt.& n. 理解；领会；抓牢；抓紧He grasped me by the arm. 他抓住我的手臂。I could not grasp her meaning.我不懂她的意思。I kept her hand in my grasp. 我抓住她的手。,知识梳理beyond ones grasp 力量达不到within ones grasp 力量达得到have a good grasp of 深刻了解in the
24、 grasp of 在掌握中keep a firm grasp on 抓紧Grasp all, lose all. 谚贪多必失。,探究练习What he said is so abstract that I cant _ the general meaning of the words.A. follow B. acceptC. grasp D. hold,【解析】 C 考查了grasp表示“理解”之意的用法。句意：他所说的话是如此抽象深奥以至于我不能够理解他的话的大意。follow是“跟随；跟上”；accept是“接受；认可”；hold是“握住；拿”。,9. existence n. 存在A
25、ccording to some philosopher, everything in existence is reasonable.某位哲学家认为,存在的事物都是合理的。He does not believe in the existence of ghosts.他不相信有鬼存在。Nobody knows exactly when the world came into existence.没有人准确地知道世界是何时产生的。,发散思维exist v. 存在；生存；有There exists an old temple on the hill. 那座山上有一座古庙。His success e
26、xists in his hard work. 他的成功在于他的勤奋。,知识梳理in existence 实际存在的;现存的;现有的come into existence 产生；存在bring . into existence 使产生；使存在exist in 在于；存在于,探究练习This is the oldest building _ in the village.A. in time B. in existenceC. on time D. on existence,【解析】 B 考查了in existence表示“存在的；现存的”之意的用法。句意：这是这个村庄中现存的建筑物中最古老的一
27、所建筑物。in time是“及时；迟早”；on time是“按时；准时”，均为干扰项。,10. bend v. 弯腰；倾身；弯曲Be careful or youll bend this spoon.当心，否则你会把这把汤匙弄弯的。He bent his mind to his business.他专心于他的业务。Her head was bent over her book.她埋头读书。,知识梳理be bent on 决心要;专心于bend down 弯腰bend oneself to 专心于;致力于bend over 弯身作拱形;俯身靠近;屈服点津提示bend的过去式和过去分词分别是ben
28、t和bent。,探究练习The branch _ but didnt break when the boy climbed along it.A. extended B. bentC. spread D. stretched,【解析】 B 考查了bend表示“弯曲”之意的用法。句意：当小孩爬上树枝时，树枝弯曲了但是没有折断。故选择B项。 extend是“延伸”；spread是“铺展；铺开；舒展开”；stretch是“舒展；伸展”，均为干扰项。,11. hesitate v. 犹豫；踌躇If you hesitate too long, you will miss the opportunity
29、.如果你老是犹豫不决, 你就会错失良机。He hesitated to take such a big risk.他不情愿冒这样大的险。In case you need something, please dont hesitate to ask me.如果你需要什么东西,请不客气地对我说。,知识梳理hesitate about / over sth. (对某事)犹豫；迟疑不决hesitate to do sth. 对做某事有顾虑hesitation n. 踌躇；犹豫have no hesitation in doing . 毫不犹豫地做without hesitation 毫不迟疑地,探究练
30、习(2013福州高三检测)I want to improve my English. Dont _ to correct me if I make a mistake.A. mind B. hesitateC. desire D. seek,【解析】 B 考查动词辨析。mind后面不接不定式，故排除A；hesitate“犹豫”，符合题意；desire“想要”; seek“寻求”，均不合句意。,高考体验(2009福建)We are at your service. Dont _ to turn to us if you have any further problems.A. beg B. he
31、sitateC. desire D. seek,【解析】 B 考查动词辨析。句意：我们(随时)为你服务。如果你还有什么问题，请不要犹豫找我们帮忙。beg“乞求”；hesitate“犹豫”；desire“渴望”；seek“寻求”。hesitate to do“犹豫做某事”。,12. respond vi. 回复；回答She responded to me by nodding. 她以点头的方式回答了我。He responded to my letter with a call.他以一个电话回复了我的信件。,知识梳理respond to . 对作出回答；作出反应；响应respond that .
32、回答response n.回答；反应in response to 作为对的回应；回答give / make no response to . 对不予回答/回应,探究练习When asked how he dealt with the difficult problem, he didnt _, but only smiled.A. say B. speakC. discuss D. respond,【解析】 D 考查了respond表示“回答”之意的用法。句意：当问及他是如何解决这一难题时，他没有回答而仅仅是微笑。其余选择项均不符合句意。,13. bother vt.& vi.打扰；烦扰；烦恼
33、；担心；麻烦Thank you, but please dont bother.谢谢,但请你不要费事了。I cant bother him with my little affairs.我不能因自己那点小事去打扰他。Dont bother about that trifling matter. 别为那件小事烦恼。You neednt bother to come here in yourself.你没有必要亲自来的。,探究练习I dont want to _ her with my problems at the moment because she is very upset now.A.
34、bother B. shareC. interrupt D. quarrel,【解析】 A 考查了bother sb. with sth. 表示“因为某事而使某人担忧”之意的用法。句意：我不想现在因为我的问题而使她担忧，因为她现在很是心烦。share多用于share sth. with sb. 的结构中，表示“和某人分享某物”；interrupt是“打断某人(某物)”；quarrel多用于quarrel with sb. about / over sth. 表示“和某人因为某事而吵架”之意，均不符合句意。,14. comfort n. & vt.舒服；安慰He has enough money
35、 so that he can live in comfort.他有很多钱,足可舒舒服服过日子。She is a great comfort to her parents.她是她父母最大的安慰。The old lady often comforts those who are in trouble.这位老妇人经常安慰处于困境的人。,发散思维comfortable adj. 舒服的；安慰的comfortless adj. 缺乏安慰的；不舒服的discomfort n.(从中)得到安慰,探究练习It is _ to her parents that she was admitted to Beij
36、ing University.A. a great comfort B. comfortC. comfortable D. comfortless,【解析】 A 考查了comfort用作可数名词，表示“令人宽慰的人或事”之意的用法。故选择A项。,重点短语1. make up 编造；构成；化妆；弥补；言和Tom makes up stories to amuse his little brother.汤姆编故事逗他的小弟弟。Mary and Joan quarreled, but made up after a while.玛丽和琼吵架,但一会儿就和好了。It didnt take her lo
37、ng to make up.她很快就化妆好了。How many countries make up the Common Market?(欧洲)共同市场由多少国家组成?,知识拓展与make有关的其他短语：make do (with) 凑合着用;用勉强对付make do without 在没有的情况下设法应付过去make down 改小(衣服)make for 有利于；有助于make from (make up from)用制成；用做成make into 制成；做成;使转变为make it 及时赶到；办成功;达到目的make out 填写;辨认出,探究练习. 用与make有关的短语翻译句子。(1
38、)我们募捐了478英镑,一位非常慷慨的人凑足到500英镑。_(2)做锻炼有助于身体健康。_(3)他写得如此潦草以至于我根本看不清。_(4)请在10点之前及时赶到会场。_(5)这件衣服有点大了，我要找裁缝改小一点。_,【答案】 (1) We collected 478, but a very generous man made it up to 500.(2) Doing exercise will make for your good health.(3) He wrote so carelessly that I couldnt make it out.(4) Please make it
39、to the meeting before 10 oclock.(5) This dress is a little looser and I will ask the tailor to make it down.,. 单项填空。American Indians _ about five percent of the U. S. population.A. fill up B. bring upC. make up D. set up,【解析】 C 考查了make up表示“构成；占比例”之意的用法。句意：美国的印第安人大约占了美国人口的百分之五。fill up是“填充”；bring up是
40、“教育；抚养；呕吐；提出”；set up是“创建；创立”，均不符合句意。,2. turn over 反转；仔细考虑；移交；交给Turn over or your back will get sunburnt.翻过身去,不然你的后背要被阳光灼伤的。He turned the new idea over in his mind.他仔细地考虑了这种新想法。To whom should we turn over the key when we leave here?在离开这里时,我们把钥匙交给谁呢?,知识拓展与turn有关的其他短语：turn back 转回去；往回走turn into 拐入；进入；(
41、使)变成； (使)成为turn off 关(自来水、电灯、收音机等)turn on 打开(自来水、电灯、收音机)turn out证明是；结果是;发展为turn to 指向；转向；求助于turn up 向上;调大;扭亮(灯火等);加快(速度等);出现;(东西)被找到,探究练习He was awake all through the night, _ the plan again and again, and not knowing whether it was practical.A. turning over B. turning downC. putting off D. taking ov
42、er,【解析】 A 句意：他一整个晚上都没有睡，反复思考这一计划，不知道计划是否可行。考查了turn over表示“反复思考；反转”之意的用法，符合语境；而turn down是“调小音量；拒绝”；put off是“推迟；拖延”；take over是“接管”，均为干扰项。,高考体验(2011四川)To get a better grade, you should _ the notes again before the best.A. go over B. get overC. turn over D. take over,【解析】 A 句意：为了取得更好的成绩，你应该在考试前再复习一次笔记。g
43、o over“复习”；get over“克服；康复”；turn over“移交；翻转”；take over“接管”。,3. pay off取得成功;付清；还清;(付清工资后)解雇You must pay off your old loan before you can obtain a new one.你必须还清旧账,然后才能再借款。The boss paid off the employees.老板付清雇工工资后解雇了他们。Did your daring plan pay off?你那项大胆的计划成功了吗?,知识拓展与pay有关的其他短语：pay back 还清pay the bill 付账
44、单pay sb. for sth. 因为而付给某人钱pay some money for sth. 因为而付钱,探究练习After all, his ten years hard work _, and he was successful in the project.A. was paid off B. was paid backC. paid off D. paid back,【解析】 C 考查了pay off表示“付出得到回报”之意的用法。pay off是不及物动词，故不用被动语态。pay back是“偿还”之意。,4. in case 以防万一;假如Write the telephon
45、e number down in case you forget.把电话号码写下来以免忘了。It may rain youd better take an umbrella (just) in case (it does).可能下雨你最好带把伞,以防万一(下起来)。In case you need something, please dont hesitate to let me know.如果你需要什么东西,请不客气地对我说。,知识梳理in case / in case ofin case是连词，引导条件状语从句，意为“万一；以防”in case of是介词短语，后加名词或代词，意为“如果；假使”in this / that case 如果这样/那样的话in any case 无论如何；不管怎样in no case 决不(放于句首，主句部分倒装)as is often the case 是常有的事,
