1、Unit 15 Learning基础知识梳理词汇梳理1. _ n. 箭2. _ vt. 打记号3. _ n. 拼写_ v. 拼写；拼读4. _ n. 改正；改进5. _ adj. 稳定的；无忧无虑的6. _ adj. 空白的7. _ v. 怀疑8. _ n. 邮费,9. _ v. 指导；教导_ n. 指导说明；教育_ adj. 教育的；有教育意义的10. _ vt. 区别；辨别；表现突出11. _ adj. 保守的；旧式的12. _ n. 作业；任务；工作_ vt. 安排；委任13. _ adj. 可以选择的；另类的14. _ adj. 杰出的15. _ vt. 反映；反射_ n. 反映；反思
2、,16. _ v. 误解_ n. 误解17. _ vt. 挑选_ n. 挑选_ adj. 精挑细选的18. _ n. 接近或进入之路_ adj. 可以接近的19. _ adj. 值得的20. _ n. 同伴21. _ v. 获得；得到,22. _ n. 保卫_ v. 守卫；守护23. _ vt. 忽视；不顾24. _ v. 鼓舞；鼓励_ n. 鼓励；鼓舞；灵感25. _ adj. 不情愿的26. _ n. 文明27. _ n. 王国28. _ n. 影象；形象29. _ adj. 有用的；有益处的_ n. 益处；用处,30. _ vt. 使适应_ n. 适应；改编31. _ n. 假设；假定_
3、 vt. 假定；假象32. _ n. 欣赏；感激_ v. 欣赏；感谢；评定33. _ vt. 力劝；督促34. _ n. 阴影；影子35. _ n. 惩罚；处罚_ v. 惩处,36. _ n. 名誉；名声37. _ vt. 缺乏38. _ vt. 拖；拉39. _ vt. 遵守；服从,自我校对1. arrow 2. tick 3. spelling; spell 4. correction 5. secure 6. blank 7. suspect 8. postage 9. instruct; instruction; instructive 10. distinguish 11. cons
4、ervative 12. assignment; assign 13. alternative 14. outstanding 15. reflect; reflection 16. misunderstand; misunderstanding 17. select; selection; selected 18. access; accessible 19. worthwhile 20. fellow 21. acquire 22. defense; defend,23. ignore 24. inspire; inspiration 25. unwilling 26. civilizat
5、ion 27. kingdom 28. image 29. beneficial; benefit 30. adapt; adaptation 31. assume; assumption 32. appreciation; appreciate 33. urge 34. shadow 35. punishment; punish 36. reputation 37. lack 38. drag 39. obey,短语梳理1. _ 解雇；裁员2. _ 除了之外3. _ 行为不检点；品行不端4. _ 在某种程度上5. _ 引发；出发6. _ 经常做；倾向于7. _ 赞成；赞许8. _ 总的来说,
6、自我校对1. lay off 2. apart from 3. loose conduct 4. to a certain extent 5. set off 6. tend to 7. approve of 8. as a whole,重点知识探究重点单词1. secure adj. 稳定的；无忧无虑的；安全的；坚固的 vt. 使安全I feel secure about my future. 我对未来感到放心。Is this ladder secure?这梯子牢靠吗？The regiment secured its position while awaiting the enemy att
7、ack.该团在等待敌人进攻之时,加强了防御工事。,知识梳理be secure against (from) 没有遭受的危险be secure of 对有把握；确信feel secure about (as to) 对(觉得)放心secure (sth. ) against (from) 使(某物)免遭,探究练习I feel very _ when I am staying with my mother.A. steady B. secureC. frightening D. fixed,【解析】 B 考查了secure表示“安全的；无忧无虑的”之意的用法。句意：当我和我的妈妈呆在一起时，我感到
8、非常地安全。steady是“平稳的”；frightening是“令人害怕的”；fixed是“固定的”，均为干扰项。,2. suspect v. & n. 怀疑；嫌疑(犯) 怀疑有罪We all suspect the truth of the report.我们对报告的真实性感到怀疑。The police suspect him of having taken the money.警察怀疑钱是他偷的。Two suspects are now being questioned in connection with the killing.与杀人案有关的两名嫌疑犯正在接受审讯。We suspect
9、 him to be ill.我们猜想他病了。,知识梳理suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做)某事suspect sb. to be . 怀疑某人是suspect+that从句 怀疑suspicious adj. 怀疑的；猜疑的be suspicious of / about 怀疑suspicion n. 怀疑；疑心,探究练习The police _ him of giving them false information because they didnt find the _ according to his words.A. suspected; sus
10、pect B. suspected; suspectedC. suspected; suspecting D. suspecting; suspecting,【解析】 A 考查了suspect的用法。suspect sb. of doing sth. 表示“怀疑某人做了某事”；而第二空处考查了suspect用作名词表示“嫌疑犯”之意的用法。,3. distinguish vt. 显扬自己；使自己扬名Can you distinguish the twins apart?你能分辨这对双胞胎吗?He distinguished himself in physics.他在物理方面享有盛名。He ca
11、n distinguish a genuine antique from a reproduction.他能区别真正的古董与复制品。She distinguished herself as a black lawyer.她成了一位杰出的黑人律师。It is certainly important to distinguish between right and wrong. 明辨是非当然要紧。,知识梳理be distinguished as 被称之为be distinguished by 以为特征be distinguished for 以而著名be distinguished from 不同
12、于;与加以区别distinguish . from . 辨别;识别;把和区别开distinguish oneself 使自己与众不同;使自己出名distinguish sth. from sth. 把某物从某物中区分开来distinguish sth. into sth. 把某物分类distinguish between sth. 区分开某物,探究练习People who cannot _ between colours are said to be colour-blind.A. distinguish B. separateC. recognize D. realize,【解析】 A 考查
13、了distinguish 表示“区分；辨别”之意的用法。句意：不能分辨颜色的人被称为色盲。separate 是“把本来相关或相连的东西分开”；recognize是“辨认出”；realize是“意识到”，均不符合句意。,高考体验(2009湖北)Some parents are just too protective. They want to _ their kids from every kind of danger, real or imagined.A. spot B. dismissC. shelter D. distinguish,【解析】 C 句意：有些父母太袒护孩子了。他们极力想为
14、他们的孩子挡住来自各方面的危险，无论是真实的还是想象的。spot“点缀”；dismiss“解散；打发走”；shelter“袒护；避难”；distinguish“区别；辨别”。shelter . from . “为提供保护、庇护”。,4. reflect vt. & vi. 反映；反射；表达；思考A mirror reflects. 镜子能映出影像。After reflecting for a time he decided not to go. 思考了一会儿以后,他决定不去了。Does this letter reflect how you really think?这封信反映你的真实想法吗?
15、He reflected on his past mistakes.他深刻地反思了他过去所犯的错误。,发散思维reflection n. 反映；反射；反思reflector n. 反射器；反映物知识梳理reflect in 在中反映出来reflect from 从反射出reflect on / upon / over 反省；深思,探究练习Seans strong love for his country is _ in his recently published poems.A. relieved B. reflectedC. responded D. recovered,【解析】 B 考查
16、了reflect表示“反映；反射”之意的用法。句意：肖恩对他的祖国的深刻的热爱都反映在他最近出版的诗集中。relieve是“宽慰；减轻”；respond是“回复；回答”；recover是“恢复；康复”，均为干扰项。,5. select vt. 挑选I selected four postcards and handed them to the cashier.我挑选了四张明信片，递给了收银员。Simons been selected to represent us at the conference in Rio. 西蒙已经被挑选出来代表我们出席里约热内卢的会议。,求同存异choose, se
17、lect, pickchoose是表示“选择”的一般性用语，指按照人的认识或判断来进行选择。pick与choose的用法很接近，但适合于口语用法，它既可以表示随意的选择，也可以表示仔细的慎重的选择。select则指在广泛的范围内，经过慎重考虑，认真仔细的选择，并往往有选出好的或适合的，去掉差的或不适合的，其淘汰意味较浓。,下列情况通常用choose，而不用 pick, select：在两者中选择或不愿接受的事物中选择时：He chose death before dishonour. 他宁死不屈。后接不定式表示“宁愿”、“决定”时：He chose to go by train. 他决定坐火车
18、去。强调最终决定时：choose a husband (a career) 选择丈夫(人生的事业),探究练习She was _ from many applicants, which made her mother very happy and satisfied.A. chosen B. electedC. selected D. picked out,【解析】 C 考查了select表示“精挑细选”之意的用法。select强调是按照某种客观标准进行挑选。而choose是按照个人喜好进行挑选；elect是“选举”；pick out是“辨认出；挑选出”，均为干扰项。,6. lack vt. 不
19、足；没有We must note that we still lack qualified specialists.我们必须看到我们还缺乏有资质的专家。She is lacking in responsibility. 她不够负责任。A coward lacks courage. 怯懦者缺乏勇气。Through a lack of confidence, he failed to pass the test.由于缺少信心，他没能通过考试。,知识梳理for / by / from / through lack of 因缺乏;因无supply the lack 补缺lack in 在缺少(不足)b
20、e lacking in . 缺少点津提示lack虽然是不可数名词，但是可以与不定冠词a 连用。,探究练习Despite the fact that she is young, what she _ is experience but not confidence. I think that she is up to the job.A. lacks B. completesC. offers D. requires,【解析】 A 句意：尽管她很年轻是事实，但是她所缺乏的是经验而不是信心。我认为，她很胜任这项工作。考查了lack表示“缺乏；缺少”之意的用法；而complete是“完成”；off
21、er是“提供”；require是“需要”；均不符合语境。,高考体验(2010福建)More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities _ space.A. in search of B. in place ofC. for lack of D. for fear of,【解析】 C 考查介词短语辨析。句意：因缺少空间，在大城市里，越来越多的高楼拔地而起。in search of“搜寻”； in place of“代替”； for lack of“因缺乏”； for fear of“唯恐；生怕”。,7. access n
22、. 接近或进入之路；接近或利用的权利和机会There is no access to the street through that door.那个门不通向大街。You can easily get access to her.你很容易接近她。The only access to the town is across a bridge.到镇上唯一的通路是经过一座桥。Citizens may have free access to the library.市民可以自由使用图书馆。,发散思维accessible adj. 可以接近的；可以到达的知识梳理access to . 进入的通道have (
23、gain, get, obtain) access to 可以接近;可以会见;可以进入;可以使用be accessible to 可以进入；可以达到,探究练习The system has been designed to give students quick and easy _ to the digital resources of the library. A. access B. passageC. way D. approach,【解析】 A 句意：这一系统设计出来是为了使学生们能够迅速而容易地利用图书馆里的数据资源。考查了access to . 表示“对的利用或接近”之意的用法。而
24、passage是“通道”；way是“方法”；approach是“接近；靠近；方法”，均为干扰项。,8. worthwhile adj. 值得努力做的；值得花钱的；值得花时间的The teacher recommended some really worthwhile novels to his students. 老师推荐给学生一些真正有价值的小说。It is worthwhile to see / seeing the film.这部电影很值得看。发散思维worth adj. 值得的worthy adj. 值得的,点津提示(1)worthwhile常用于It is worthwhile do
25、ing / to do sth. 句型中，但不能说sth. is worthwhile doing,表示“做某事是值得的”。(2)worth常用“be well worth doing”表示“很值得做”，不用very。(3)be worth doing中doing是主动形式表示被动含义，不可用being done。,探究练习用worthwhile, worth, worthy填空。(1)According to my friend, this is a _ film.(2)The plan is only _ of our contempt.(3)This place is _ visitin
26、g.(4)Concerning his effort, he is _ of being praised.(5)This plan is _ to be carried out to the end.,【答案】 (1) worthwhile / worthy (2) worthy (3)worth (4) worthy (5)worthy,高考体验(2010湖北)Mistakes dont just happen; they occur for a reason. Find out the reason, and then making the mistake becomes _.A. fav
27、ourable B. preciousC. essential D. worthwhile,【解析】 D 考查形容词辨析。句意：错误不是偶然发生的，它们的发生都是有原因的。如果找出其中的原因，犯个错误也是值得的。favourable“赞成的；同意的；倾向于支持某人/某事物的；令人高兴的；一定的”；precious“宝贵的；珍爱的”；essential“必要的；本质的；重要的”；worthwhile“值得的；值得花时间、金钱或精力的”。,9. acquire vt. 取得；获得;学到;养成The museum has just acquired a famous painting by Pabl
28、o Picasso.该美术馆刚刚获得一幅毕加索的名画。Gradually we acquired experience in how to do the work. 我们逐步获得了做这项工作的经验。She has mastered English grammar and acquired a large vocabulary without the help of a teacher.她在没有老师指导的情况下,掌握了英语语法,学到了大量词汇。,探究练习To be admitted to a famous university, we must work hard from now on to
29、_ a good knowledge of English.A. acquire B. createC. form D. generalize,【解析】 A 考查了acquire表示“获得；得到”之意的用法，其宾语多是“知识、技能”等抽象名词。而create是“创造”；form是“形成”；generalize是“概括；抽象”，均为干扰项。,10. ignore vt. 忽视；不顾Either she didnt see me wave or she deliberately ignored me. 要么她没有看见我招手，要么是她故意不理睬我。知识梳理(1)ignorant adj. 无知的；不
30、知道的be ignorant of / about . 对不晓得be ignorant (that) . 对不晓得(2)ignorance n. 无知；不知道out of ignorance 出于无知,探究练习Safety regulations are being _ by company managers in the drive to increase profits.A. left B. thrownC. ignored D. emphasized,【解析】 C 考查了ignore表示“忽略；故意不理睬”之意的用法。句意：在增加利润的驱使下，一些公司的经理置安全保障制度于不顾。故选择C
31、项。,11. urge vt. 力劝；强烈要求 n. 强烈的愿望；迫切的要求She urged me to stay. 她力劝我留下。I felt a sudden urge to scream. 我突然很想大声喊叫。,知识梳理urge sb. to do sth. 强烈要求某人干某事urge sth. on / upon sb. 向某人强调某物have an urge to do sth. 有迫切要求干某事的愿望点津提示urge后面的从句的谓语动词应该用虚拟语气should do的形式，其中should可以省略。,探究练习After the heated discussion, everyo
32、ne _ that the safety of the country be improved, otherwise their lives would be endangered.A. urged B. toldC. ordered D. commanded,【解析】 A urge在此处是及物动词，表示“强烈要求”之意，符合语境。,12. inspire vt. & vi 鼓舞；激励；使产生灵感I hope this success will inspire you to make greater efforts. 我希望这次成功能够激励你更加努力。We need a new captain
33、 someone who can inspire the team.我们需要一位能够鼓舞士气的新队长。知识梳理inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人干某事inspire sb. with sth. 激励某人的某种感情,发散思维inspiring adj. 令人鼓舞的inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的inspiration n. 鼓舞；灵感求同存异inspire, encourageinspire 指强化人内在的愿望。encourage 指给人去做某事的勇气和决心。,探究练习When Im facing the difficulties, my mother always _
34、 me to try all my best to overcome them.A. admires B. inspiresC. desires D. inquires,【解析】 B 句意：当有困难时，妈妈总是激励我尽我的全力去战胜它们。考查了inspire sb. to do sth. 表示“激励某人干某事”之意的用法。inspire是“激励”之意，符合语境。admire是“钦佩；羡慕”；desire是“渴望”；inquire是“询问”，均为干扰项。,13. adapt vt. 使适应；使适合；改编 vi. 适应The children are finding it is hard to a
35、dapt to their new school. 孩子们发现很难适应新学校。Most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people.这些工具多数已经经过特别的改装，供残疾人使用。发散思维adapted adj. 被改编了的；适应某物的adaptation n. 改编本；适应adaptable adj. 可以改编的；可以适应的,知识梳理adapt as 改编成adapt from 从改编而来adapt to 适应adapt oneself / sb. to sth. 使适应,探究练习For a ver
36、y long time he hasnt been _ to making a speech in front of so many people.A. applied B. attachedC. adapted D. adopted,【解析】 C 句意：好长一段时间，他都不适应在这么多人面前做演讲。考查了be adapted to表示“适应”之意的用法；而apply是“申请”；attach是“附着”；adopt是“采用；收养”，均为干扰项。,高考体验(2009浙江)The good thing about children is that they _ very easily to new
37、environments.A. adapt B. appealC. attach D. apply,【解析】 A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子们的优势就是他们能很容易适应新的环境。appeal to“有吸引力；呼吁；求助于”；attach to“粘上；附上”；apply to“应用于；适用于”；adapt to“适应”。,14. reputation n. 名誉；名声This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。He is a man of reputation. 他是一个很有名誉的人。知识梳理
38、build up a reputation 博得名声have a good (bad) reputation 名誉好(坏)have a reputation for sth. 因而著名；以闻名,live up to ones reputation 不负盛名;名副其实lose (ruin) ones reputation 名誉扫地make an evil reputation for oneself 弄得声名狼藉of great (good, high) reputation 很有声望的；享有盛名的of no reputation 声名狼藉的of reputation 有名望的,探究练习Chin
39、a has got a good _ for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.A. reputation B. influenceC. impression D. knowledge,【解析】 A 句意：中国因为其精心而顺利地组织战胜流感而获得了一个很好的名誉。考查了reputation表示“名誉；名声”之意的用法；而influence 是“影响”；impression是“印象”；knowledge是“知识；了解”，均为干扰项。,高考体验(2010江苏)The doctor is skilled
40、 at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good _.A. expectation B. reputationC. contribution D. civilization,【解析】 B 考查名词辨析。句意：这名医生对心脏病的治疗技术高超，并且从不接受病人送的任何礼品，因此，他名声很好。expectation“期待；预料”；reputation“名誉；名声；声望”；contribution“贡献”；civilization“文明”。故答案为B项。,重点短语
41、1. aside from (1)除了之外Everything was quiet, aside from the occasional sound of a car in the distance.除了远处偶尔有汽车的声响外,四周一片寂静。(2)既又Aside from physical problems, these patients also have many mental problems.这些病人除了身体上的问题外，还有许多的精神问题。,点津提示类似意义的表达方式：apart from除之外(介词)；此外(副词)besides除之外还有(介词)；此外(副词)in addition
42、to除之外还有except除之外(没有)except for除之外(没有)except+从句 除之外(没有),探究练习_ that little problem, the day was perfect.A. Aside from B. BesidesC. In addition to D. As well as,【解析】 A 考查了aside from 相当于except for,表示“除去细节以修饰整体”之意的用法。句意：今天总体说来是不错的，除了这个小问题外。,2. set off 引发；出发；引起爆炸；导致I want to set off early in order to avoi
43、d the traffic jam.我想早点出发以避开交通拥挤。This piece of music set off his homesickness.这首乐曲引起了他的思乡情绪。The news set off a rush of activity. 这则消息让人们蜂拥而上。,知识拓展与set 有关的其他短语：set apart =set aside 使显得突出；使显得与众不同set aside (apart) 把另外存起来；存储；置之不理；拒绝考虑set at 攻击；猛烈抨击set back 使倒退；使受挫折;推迟；拨回(钟表的针)set before把放在面前;把展示在面前set do
44、wn 放下；搁下；记下；登记；制定；规定set forth (out) 动身；出发；起程；提出;发表;陈述;阐明set forward 出发；出动；把钟表时间向前拨,set free 释放;解放set in(季节；时期等)开始；来临;患上(某种疾病)(潮汐)上涨；涌入; 喻流行；盛行set off 出发；动身；使爆炸；点燃；引起set on (upon) 攻击；袭击；开始；着手set oneself against 坚决反对;坚决与为敌set out 出发；开始；陈述；阐明；提出(理由)set up 竖起;建起；安装；设立；开办,探究练习用与set有关的短语填空。(1)The hospital
45、 was _ 29 years ago.(2)The rules have been _ and should be followed by all of us.(3)The prisoners were _ yesterday by the government.(4)When you are young, please _ some money every month for the future use.(5)Be careful that you dont _ the fireworks by mistake.,【答案】 (1)set up (2)set down (3) set free (4)set aside (5) set off,3. be accustomed to 习惯于I am not accustomed to getting up so early. 我不习惯这么早起床。Her eyes quickly became accustomed to the dark.她的眼睛很快就适应了黑暗。It took him a while to accustom himself to the idea. 他过了一段时间才习惯了这个想法。发散思维be / get used to doing sth. 习惯于干某事,
