1、Units 1618Unit 16 Stories基础知识梳理词汇梳理1. _ n. 受害者2. _ n. 长篇小说家_ n. 小说3. _ vt. 保护；保存_ n. 保护；储存4. _ v. 目击_ n. 目击者,5. _ vi. 发生6. _ adj. 原作的；真正的7. _ n. 纪念碑；纪念堂8. _ adj. & n. 典型的；性格；特点_ n. 人物；角色9. _ vi & vt. 聚集；采集10. _ n. 悲伤；难过_ adj. 悲伤的；难过的11. _ n. 同情12. _ vi. 爆炸；冲；闯,13. _ n. 重要性；意义_ adj. 重要的；有意义的14. _ adj
2、. 反常的_ adj. 标准的；正常的15. _ n. 艰难；困苦16. _ n. 起源；开端；祖先_ adj. 原创的；最初的17. _ vt. 使泄气；打击_ vt. 鼓励；激励18. _ n. 遭遇；遭受_ vt & vi. 遭受；受苦19. _ adj. 令人钦佩的；极佳的_ vt. 钦佩；羡慕；欣赏,20. _ adj. 极为严厉的；严重的21. _ adj. 引起麻烦的_ n. 麻烦22. _ n. 限制_ vt. 限制；约束23. _ adj. 直截了当的；坦率的24. _ adj. 宝贵的；热衷的25. _ adj. 渴望的；热切的26. _ adj. 逐渐的27. _ v.
3、扩大；扩充_ n. 扩大；扩展,28. _ adj. 复杂的_ n. 复杂29. _ adj. 明显的；显而易见的30. _ n. 温暖31. _ n. 突破；重大的发现32. _ adj. 不确定的33. _ adj. 讨厌的；令人厌倦的_ v. 讨厌；厌倦；厌烦,34. _ adj. 笨拙的；难看的35. _ adj. 紧张的36. _ vi & vt. 鼓掌37. _ adj. 头晕目眩的38. _ vt. 放弃；遗弃,自我校对1. victim 2. novelist; novel 3. preserve; preservation 4. witness; witness 5. occ
4、ur 6. authentic 7. monument 8. characteristic; character 9. gather 10. sorrow; sorrowful 11. sympathy 12. burst 13. significance; significant 14. abnormal; normal 15. hardship 16. origin; original 17. discourage; encourage 18. suffering; suffer 19. admirable; admire 20. severe 21. troublesome; troub
5、le,22. restriction; restrict 23. straightforward 24. precious 25. eager 26. gradual 27. expand; expansion 28. complex; complexity 29. apparent 30. warmth 31. breakthrough 32. uncertain 33. tiresome; tire 34. awkward 35. tense 36. applaud 37. dizzy 38. abandon,短语梳理1. _ 出现2. _ 从前3. _ 堵住；封锁4. _ 从某种程度上来
6、说5. _ 侧身6. _ 在去的路上7. _ 断绝关系；分成小部分8. _ 既然；由于9. _ 以命名,10. _ 偶然遇见11. _ 支撑起12. _ 依靠13. _ 理解；弄清楚；算出来14. _ 以结束；以告终15. _ 特别；尤其是,自我校对1. come into view 2. once upon a time 3. block out 4. in a way 5. on ones side 6. on ones way to 7. split up 8. now that 9. name after 10. come across 11. hold up 12. count on
7、 13. figure out 14. end up 15. in particular,重点知识探究重点单词1. abandon vt. 放弃；遗弃 n. 放纵Jackson has abandoned his old car.杰克逊把他那辆旧车扔了。Im sorry I abandoned you like that.很抱歉我那样突然抛下你走了。We will never abandon our principles.我们应该坚持原则。People were shouting and cheering with abandon.人们兴高采烈，纵情欢呼。,知识梳理with abandon 纵
8、情地；放任地abandon oneself to 沉湎于;陷入abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事,巧学助记,探究练习Because they were fearing further attacks, most of the population had _ the city.A. expanded B. abandonedC. fled D. escaped,【解析】 B 考查动词辨析。abandon表示“抛弃；遗弃”。而expand是“扩展”；flee和escape表示“逃跑”时是不及物动词，后面应该接介词from，再接宾语；用作“逃避”之意时是及物动词。,2. preser
9、ve vt. 保护；保存We must preserve our natural resources.我们必须保护自然资源。The society was set up to preserve endangered species from extinction.成立这个协会是为了保护濒危动物不至于灭绝。The vase has been preserved intact.这个花瓶保存地完好无损。,发散思维preserved adj. 受到保护的preservation n. 保护；保存,探究练习Unfortunately, many peacekeepers, who are devoted
10、 to _ peace in Haiti lost their lives in the earthquake.A. sparing B. reservingC. protecting D. preserving,【解析】 D 句意：不幸地是，许多在海地致力于维护和平的维和人员在这次地震中丧生。spare“挤出；匀出”；reserve“保留；预定”；protect“保护”，preserve peace“维护和平”，符合句意。,3. witness v. 目击；作证 n. 目击者；见证人She was a witness of the incident. 她是事件的目击者。He gave wit
11、ness on behalf of an accused person.他为被告作证。I witnessed the accident. 我亲眼目睹了这场事故。No one could witness that he was present.没有人能证明他在现场。,知识梳理witness for 作证；为作证witness against 作不利于的证词witness to 为作证；出庭证明in witness of 作为的证明,巧学助记,探究练习The book was written in 1946, since when the education system _ great chan
12、ges.A. witnessed B. has witnessedC. had witnessed D. saw,【解析】 B 由句中的时间状语since . 可知，此处应该用现在完成时，故选B项。witness表示“见证”之意，相当于see。,4. occur vi. 发生；存在;被想起；被想到；浮现(+to)I hope this wont occur again.我希望不要再发生这种事情。The word “gratitude” did not occur in his words.“感激”两字在他的话中是见不到的。Earthquakes occur frequently in this
13、 area. 这一地区经常发生地震。Do giraffes occur in Africa only?长颈鹿是不是只在非洲才有?It occurred to me to visit my teacher.我想到要去看看我的老师。,知识梳理sth. occur to sb. 某人突然想到某物It occurs / occurred to sb. that 从句 的念头突然浮现在某人的脑海中,探究练习 Why are you so late? I was on the way when it _ to me that I had left my notebook home, so I had to
14、 fetch it.A. occurred B. hitC. happened D. reminded,【解析】 A 考查了sth. occur to sb. 表示“某人突然想到某事”之意。句意：当我在路上的时候，我突然想到我把我的笔记本忘到家里了，所以我不得不回家去拿。hit“击中”； happen“发生”； remind“提醒”，均为干扰项。,5. tremble vi. 颤抖；发抖 n. 震颤；发抖；震动The room is warm now, but he is still trembling.房间里现在暖和了,但他仍然哆嗦。There was a tremble in her vo
15、ice. 她声音颤抖。His voice trembled with anger. 他的声音因愤怒而发抖。,探究练习When he came out of the water, he was _ with cold.A. shaking B. wavingC. trembling D. declining,【解析】 C 考查了tremble表示“颤抖；发抖”之意的用法。句意：当他从水中出来时，浑身冻得发抖。 shake“摇晃”； wave“挥动”； decline“下降；下滑”，均为干扰项。,6. burst vi. & vt. & n. 爆炸；冲；闯；破裂；突发The dam burst u
16、nder the weight of water.那水坝在水的压力下决口了。The town is bursting with tourists.镇上到处都是游客。Dont burst into my bedroom without knocking. 不要不敲门就闯进我的卧室来。They all burst out laughing at the expression on her face.看到她的表情，他们都大笑起来。Hearing the news, the students burst out shouting.一听到这一消息，所有的学生都大叫起来。,知识梳理be bursting
17、with 充满burst into / out of 突然冲进/冲出burst into laughter / tears 突然大笑/大哭起来burst out doing 突然开始做点津提示burst into 和burst out 都可以表示“突然干某事”；但是burst into 后面接名词;而burst out 后面接动名词。,巧学助记,探究练习On hearing the bad news, the student _ crying suddenly.A. burst out of B. burst outC. got into D. knocked into,【解析】 B 考查了b
18、urst out doing 表示“突然干某事”之意的用法。burst out of“突然从中冲出来”之意； get into “进入”； knock into“撞上”之意，均不符合句意。,7. discourage vt. 使泄气；使灰心He is never discouraged by difficulties.他从没因困难而泄气。He discouraged me from doing so.他劝阻我不要那样做。His parents are trying to discourage him from being an actor.他的父母竭力试图阻止他当演员。,发散思维discour
19、aging adj. 令人泄气的discouraged adj. 泄气的；灰心的discouragement n. 泄气；灰心encourage vt. 激励；鼓舞encouraging adj. 令人鼓舞的；激励人的encouraged adj. 受到鼓舞的encouragement n. 鼓舞；激励,知识梳理discourage sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人干某事；打消某人干某事的念头be / get discouraged 变得灰心；泄气encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人干某事,探究练习He tried all the means to _ h
20、is daughter _ the unreasonable deed.A. encourage; to do B. discourage; from doingC. encourage; from doing D. discourage; to do,【解析】 B 考查了discourage sb. from doing sth.表示“阻止某人干某事；打消某人干某事的念头”之意的用法。句意：他尝试了一切方法想打消他女儿做不明智事情的行为。,8. particularly adv. 特别地；特定地He isnt particularly clever but he is very indust
21、rious.他并不特别聪明但是特别勤奋。I am particularly fond of this book. 我特别喜爱这本书。,探究练习These books will be _ helpful to those who wish to improve their English.A. exactly B. particularlyC. generally D. honestly,【解析】 B 考查了particularly表示“特别地；尤其地”之意的用法，修饰形容词helpful。句意：我认为这些书对于那些渴望提高英语成绩的学生来说将会特别有用处。exactly是“确切地；恰当地”；g
22、enerally是“通常地；一般地”；honestly是“诚实地”，均为干扰项。,9. expand v. 扩大；扩充The ranks of the teachers are constantly expanding.教师队伍日益扩大了。The petals of many flowers expand in the sunshine.许多花瓣在阳光下绽放。,巧学助记,探究练习As children grow older, they _ their interests and become more confident.A. extend B. expandC. enlarge D. inc
23、rease,【解析】 B 考查了及物动词expand表示“扩展；扩充”之意的用法。extend是“延伸；伸张”；enlarge是“使变大”；increase是“增加”，均不符合语境。句意：随着孩子们的年龄的增长，他们的兴趣会变广，而且也会更加地自信。,重点短语1. knock over 撞倒；撞翻;使某人惊奇Coming too fast down the road, I knocked over a child on a bicycle.由于车开得太快,我把一个骑自行车的小孩撞倒了。He was knocked over by a motorbike when he was crossing
24、 the street.当他过马路时，被一辆摩托车撞倒了。The unexpected news fairly knocked me over.那意外的消息着实使我吃了一惊。,知识拓展与knock有关的其他短语：knock at / on 敲门knock down 打(撞)倒;驳倒；拆除；拆开knock in (把钉子)钉入knock into 把(某种知识)灌输给；与相撞knock it off 美俚住嘴! 别吵了! 住手;别胡闹了knock off 敲掉;击倒；下班休息;罢工knock oneself out 把自己弄得精疲力竭;尽最大努力knock out 敲出；敲空(烟灰等)；击倒；打
25、昏knock over 弄翻；打倒knock through 把(两个房间的隔墙)拆除；打通knock up 敲门叫醒；赶做;匆匆安排,探究练习用与knock有关的短语填空。(1) He _ the challenger in the first round.(2) I am sorry. I have _ the glass and broken it.(3) The portable device easily _.(4) The little boy was _ by the big student.(5) I dont know who is _ the door.,【答案】 (1)
26、knocked down (2) knocked off (3) knocks down (4)knocked over / down (5)knocking at / on,2. in a way 从某种程度上In a way, it is good to be working alone.从某种程度上来说，独自一个人干活很不错。In a way, it was one of our biggest mistakes.从某种程度上说，这是我们所犯的最大的错误之一。,知识拓展与way有关的其他短语：on the way 在路上；即将来临in the way 挡道；碍事in no way 决不；
27、无论如何都不in some ways 在某些方面in one way 在某一方面by the way 顺便说一下by way of 经由；取道make ones way to . 在去的路上,探究练习_ I can see what you mean, even though I dont share your opinion.A. In a way B. On the wayC. By the way D. In the way,【解析】 A 考查了in a way表示“从某种程度上”之意的用法。句意：尽管我的看法和你不一样，从某种程度上来说，我明白你的意思。on the way是“在路上”
28、； by the way是“顺便问一下”； in the way是“挡道”。,3. come across 偶然遇到；邂逅I came across him in the street yesterday.昨天我在街上无意中碰到了他。I came across an old photo taken when I was 8 years old. 我偶然发现了一张我8岁时照的照片。,知识拓展与come有关的其他短语：come about 发生come across 偶然碰见;无意中找到come alive 活跃起来;显得像真的似的come along 一起来；一道走;同意；赞成come and
29、go 来来往往;作短暂访问;变化不定come at 攻击；扑向;达到;得到come between 在中间;离间;使分开come by 经过；从旁边过去；来串门；拜访,come of 出身于;由引起;是的结果come off (从)离开；走开；从跌下；分离；脱落come on 偶然遇见(某人)；来临；袭来come upon 偶然遇见(某人)；来临；袭来come out 出来；出现；(芽)生出来；(花)开；出版come to 达到；总计为;终于;结果是;苏醒(过来)come to oneself (昏迷后)苏醒过来come up 走近;上(楼)来come up with 提出(建议)come w
30、ith 伴随发生;与一起供给,探究练习That day I _ my best friend in the street who had been to America since he graduated from the university.A. came on B. came acrossC. went by D. came at,【解析】 B 考查了come across 表示“偶然遇到”之意的用法。句意：我在街道上偶然遇到了我的好朋友，他自从大学毕业后就去了美国。come on 是“加油”； go by 是“经过；遵守”； come at 是“攻击”，均为干扰项。,高考体验(201
31、1天津)She _ an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.A. turned down B. dealt withC. took after D. came across,【解析】 D 本题考查动词短语的辨析。句意：昨天她在百货商店购物的时候碰到了一个老朋友。come across“偶遇；碰见”；turn down“拒绝”；deal with“处理；对付”；take after“像；相似”。根据句意选D项。,4. hold up 支撑起；支持；推迟；耽误Hold the ne
32、gative up to the light so we can see it clearly. 把底片对着光拿着，好让我们看清楚。The building work has been held up by bad weather.由于天气不好，建筑工程被耽搁下来。,知识拓展与hold有关的其他短语：hold back 抑制；保守(秘密)；隐瞒hold on (打电话时)不挂断；握住不放；坚持住hold out 伸出；保持(要求)；不屈服hold off 避开；抵挡；使不靠近hold water 合乎逻辑的；站得住脚的,探究练习_ by the heavy fog, the flight wi
33、ll arrive two hours later.A. Held on B. Held upC. Held out D. Pulled out,【解析】 B 考查了hold up 表示“耽误；耽搁”之意的用法。句意：由于受到大雾的耽搁，航班将要晚点两个小时。hold on是“不挂断；稍等”； hold out是“伸出；保持”； pull out 是“(车)驶出；使摆脱困境”，均为干扰项。,5. count on 依靠；指望Dont count on him to help you. 你别指望他来帮助你。As the children, we have to count on our pare
34、nts for money.作为孩子，我们不得不依靠父母获得经济来源。点津提示表示“依靠”的其余的表达法有：rely on / rest on / depend on / lean on 等。,探究练习If you are in trouble, dont turn to him for help, because he is not a person who can be _.A. counted B. counted onC. depended D. based on,【解析】 B 考查了count on 表示“依赖；依靠”之意的用法。句意：当你遇到困境时，不要向他求助，因为他不是一个可以
35、依靠的人。count与depend表示“依靠”时是不及物动词，故应该与介词on连用； be based on 是“建立在的基础上”之意，不符合语境。,6. figure out 理解；想出；算出Have you figured out how much the holiday will cost?你计算出假期得花多少钱吗？I figure out that he will finish the homework in ten days.我猜想他得10天后才能够完成作业。,知识拓展与figure有关的其他短语：figure in 算进;参加;包括进去;figure on / upon 计划；估计
36、;仔细考虑;指望figure up 总计；把加起来点津提示表示“算出；想出”的类似的表达法还有work out / find out 等。,探究练习The present situation is very complex, so I think it will take me some time to _ its reality. A. make up B. figure outC. look through D. put off,【解析】 B 考查了固定短语figure out 表示“弄清楚”之意的用法。句意：目前的形势非常复杂，因此我认为要花费我一段时间来弄清楚它的实际情况。make u
37、p是“构成；弥补；化妆；言和”； look through是“浏览；仔细检查”； put off是“推迟；拖延”，均为干扰项。,7. end up 以结束；以告终How does the story end up?这故事的结尾是如何的？You will end up in prison if you don t give up such bad habits. 如果你不戒掉这些坏习惯，你会最终进入监狱的。At the dinner, we usually begin with soup and end up with fruit.在宴会上，通常开始的一道菜是汤，而结束的一道菜是水果。,知识梳理
38、end up in 以告终；结果是end up with 以结束(指以某种方式结束)end up as 作为而结束点津提示end up in表示“以某种方式结束”；而end up with表示“以某种结果结束”,探究练习He _ hospital because he worked day and night without the necessary rest.A. ended up B. ended withC. ended up in D. ended up at,【解析】 C 考查了end up in 表示“最终进入了;最终以告终”之意的用法。句意：因为他日夜辛劳，没有必要的休息，所以
39、最终住进了医院。end up多用作不及物动词短语；end with是“以某种结果告终”,后面多接具体的名词。,8. put up with 容忍；忍受I cant put up with her another day she never stops complaining.她整天抱怨,我一天也不能忍受了。I could hardly put up with the big noise. 我几乎不能够忍受这种噪音。,知识拓展与put up with相似的短语有：come up with 提出；想出keep up with 赶上；跟上catch up with 追上；赶上be fed up wi
40、th 厌烦；厌倦,探究练习Although the job is very tiring, I think I have the ability to _ it and I wont resign from the position.A. put up with B. stand byC. bear up D. come up with,【解析】 A 考查了put up with表示“容忍；忍受”之意的用法。句意：尽管这份工作很是累人，但是我认为我可以忍受这种劳累，而且，我也不会辞职的。stand by 是“站在一旁；支持”；bear是及物动词，表示“忍受；容忍”；come up with是“
41、提出；想到”，均为干扰项。,高考体验(2011江西)Smell the flowers before you go to sleep, and you may just _ sweet dreams.A. keep up with B. put up withC. end up with D. catch up with,【解析】 C 本题考查动词短语辨析。句意：睡前闻闻这些花，你可能就会做美梦。keep up with“跟上”； put up with“忍受；容忍”； end up with“以结束”； catch up with“追上；赶上”。C项符合句意。,9. now that 既然N
42、ow that you are grown-ups, you must stop this childish behaviour.既然你们已经成为成年人了，你们必须得停止这些幼稚的行为。Now that you have known it, I will not bother to tell it to you again.既然你已经知道了这件事情，我就不用再费事告诉你一遍了。,探究练习_ you have already put all your heart into your work, you should achieve the great success.A. Now that B.
43、 Only ifC. As soon as D. On condition that,【解析】 A 考查了now that表示“既然；因为”之意的用法。句意：因为你已经尽全力做你的工作了，你应该获得成功。only if 是“只要”； as soon as 是“一就”之意； on condition that是“条件是”，均为干扰项。,10. refer to 查阅；提到；涉及；提交Complete the exercise without referring to a dictionary. 请在不查阅词典的情况下完成练习题。We agreed never to refer to the ma
44、tter again. 我们一致同意永远都不再提这件事情了。点津提示其他表示“查阅”的表达法：consult / look up / turn to 等。,探究练习The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without _ his notes.A. bringing up B. referring toC. looking for D. trying on,【解析】 B 考查了refer to 表示“参考；查阅”之意的用法。句意：总统在会议上讲了接近一个小时而没有参考笔记。bring up 是“抚养；教育；呕
45、吐”； look for 是“寻找”； try on 是“试穿；尝试”，均为干扰项。,重点句型1. Now that Helen understood the key to language, she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.既然海伦理解了语言之谜，她非常渴望学习更多的词语并且尽可能多地使用它们。句中的eager 是形容词，表示“渴望的”之意；多用于be eager to do 或be eager about / for / after sth. 的句式中，表示“渴望做某事或渴望某物之意。如：Tom is eager to go to university. 汤姆渴望上大学。There was a queue of eager schoolchildren outside the theatre. 剧院外排着一队急切的学童。,求同存异eager, anxious, worriedeager强调对成功的期望或进取的热情；含有积极向上的意思。anxious强调“担心或焦急”；对结果感到不安，含有消极的意义。worried是“担忧的；忧心忡忡的”；强调“害怕”。,
