1、 短文改错考情分析:1. 词类用法：考查不同词类的不同用法, 与语法填空中的词性转换考点相同。2. 辨析：只考 many 与 much, here 与 there, some 与 any, ago 与 before 等十分常见的词之间的混用, 这些词是稍有语感、不讲自会的, 千万别走入过去凡遇近义词必辨的误区。3. 其他：指不便归于某一语法项目的考点。2014 课标卷 Isomewhere everywhere 2014 课标卷 IIThey There (there be 句型写成 they be)2014 大纲卷should able to should be able to ( 漏掉 b
2、e，因 able 是形容词, 不能作谓语, 加 be)2013 课标卷 Iremember much rememberwell /clearly (习惯修饰语，记得清楚，而非记得非常。)2013 课标卷 IIwas drank was drunk (过去分词拼写错误)2013 大纲卷stand stand up (漏掉 up)2012 课标卷do wrong go wrong (可列到辨析类)2012 大纲卷 Icut off cut down (语境意义)2011 大纲卷 Ithink over think of(语境意义)2011 大纲卷 IIso +adj. + that写成 so mu
3、ch +adj. +that (如此以致)；more than happy 写成了 better than happy (非常高兴)命题特点 用来命题的短文内容与学生的学习生活非常贴近，好像就是学生的习作。 长度均在 100 词左右。 这些材料都是记叙文。 新课标卷的设题通常是：1 处多 1 个词，1 处少 1 个词，8 处错 1 个词。5. 要求考生添加或删除的词通常是虚词。 少了一个词，要求添加的词有： 冠词：in countryside in the countryside(2015 课标 I)As result As a result(2014 课标 I) 介词：listening m
4、usic listening to music(2014 课标 II) 连词：He had, he was He had, and he was(2013 课标 I) 不定式符号：came see me came to see me(2007 课标) 物主代词：Tom saw parents Tom saw his parents(2015 课标 II) 多了一个词，要求删除的词有：介词、冠词、连词、助动词、不定式符号 to。 冠词：In a fact In fact(2013 课标 I)all kinds of the flowers all kinds of flowers(2014 课标
5、 II) 介词：he lent to me lots of clothes he lent me lots of clothes(2011 课标) 连词：AlthoughbutAlthough(2014 课标 I) 不定式符号：had better to stop had better stop(2009 课标) 助动词：has brought brought(2010 课标)Lots of studies have been shown Lots of studies have shown(2015 课标 I) 副词：so very much that so much that (2015
6、课标 II) 需要变形的词通常是名词、动词、形容词、副词。 所有考点都是最基本的语法知识、最常用的单词和短语的意义与用法，以及逻辑意义的连贯。没有超出中学课本中讲的语法内容。即只要掌握课本中讲的语法就足以应对考试了。短文改错与语法填空的异同：相同：主要考点基本相同。 名词、代词、冠词、介词、连词。 时态一致、主谓一致、非谓语动词、词类用法、比较等级。以上两个方面分别对应语法填空的纯空格题和给词题。备考内容：主要从以下十个方面入手。考点 1：名词的数与格 在 several, few, many, one of, a couple of, three, one and a half, a lar
7、ge number of, scores of, dozens of等词语后，或虽没有这些词但语境提示我们，本应接复数可数名词的，但文中却用了单数。如：For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and(hour hours) 2014 课标 II 像 advice, fun, homework, information, news, progress, equipment, furniture, baggage, luggage, jewellery, clothing 等绝对不可数名词是没有复数形式的，但在文中却用了复数。如
8、：It felt very strange to travel without any luggages. (luggages luggage)2011 课标 本应用名词的所有格的，但文中没有用。如：When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes. (my friend my friends)2011 课标考点 2：指代一致 上下文的人称不一致。如：Thank you very much for showing them around your city and providing us with the wonde
9、rful meals. (them us) 2011 大纲 上下文的单复数不一致。如：both of them have similar ideas Otherwise, it is impossible for him to help each other and to make their friendship last long. (him them)2014 大纲 上下文的性别不一致。如：Before her leaving, I prepared a gift to show my best wishes to him. She said (him her) 2010 大纲 人称代词
10、格的误用。如：Li Mings parents invited I to spend two wonderful weeks in Qingdao with them (I me)2007 课标 人称代词、反身代词、疑问代词等的错用。如：He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others (从句主语 which 是指 the voice, 这种声音使“他”与别人分离, 故改 himself 为 him)2013 课标 I考点 3：冠词 基本用法：单数可数名词前，表示“一个/段/座/本”等时要用 a 或 an；表示特指时用 the。如
11、：In other words, we would be separated for long time. (long time a long time)2010 大纲Many countries in the world find they dont have enough water. To deal with a problem, I think, we should (a the，特指上文提到缺少“这个”问题)2012 大纲So when I have the problem, I will turn to her for help. (the a) 2013 大纲 固定短语中多用或少
12、用冠词。如：In a fact, he even scared my classmates away (In a fact In fact)2013 课标 IAs result, the plants are growing everywhere. (As result As a result) 2014 课标考点 4：介词 常用介词的错用。如：Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities. (time for sth.做某事的时间) 2014 课标 II 固定词组中的介词误用。如：and with the help by
13、our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes (with the help of 在 的帮助下) 2014 课标 I 固定词组中的介词漏用。如：（拓展）We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sit by the lake listening music. (listen to 听) 2014 课标 II考点 5：连词 although/though/while 不与 but 连用；since /as/because 不与 so 连用。如：Although we allow tomato
14、plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease (去掉 but 或改为 yet)2014 课标 I and 与 but 用混。这是考得最多的微考点。如：The more friends we have, the more we can learn from one another, but the more pleasure we can share together. ( but and，前后没有转折关系) 2014 大纲 and 与 or。All I had to do
15、was to write a story or present it. (or and)2010 大纲Whats more, we can go to work by bike once and twice a week (and or)2012 大纲 so 与 or。We were warned not to cheat again so she would need to see our parents. (so 因此or 否则) 2013 四川 after 与 before。Before waiting for about half an hour, I was beginning to
16、 get impatient. (Before After 逻辑)2013 陕西 which 与 what。That is which other teachers say. (which what 所的) 2013 辽宁 多用或少用连词。如：With little sleep and hardly any break, so he works from morning till night. (去掉 so)2013 辽宁So if they had said was true, I would have a chance of winning the prize. (if 后加 what)2
17、010 大纲 错用 that 引导非限制性定语从句。如：Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 oclock at night. (that which) 2013 课标 II考点 6：时态一致 上下文的谓语动词都是过去时，突然出现一个现在时。如：She used to hold me I was only four when she passes away. (passes passed) 2013 课标 I 上下
18、文的谓语动词都是现在时，突然出现一个过去时。如：Since then, we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please. As a result, the plants are growing everywhere. (had has) 2014 课标 I此外，无论是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，都要注意在平行结构中，动词形式的一致性，即“平行一致”。如在 A and B 或 A, B and C 中，A, B, C 的形式要一致。如：both of them have similar ideas and trusting e
19、ach other (trusting trust) 2014 大纲考点 7：主谓一致 行为动词：主语是第三人称单数时，行为动词的一般现在时，其后加 s。如：My dream school look like a big garden. ( look looks，主语是 My dream school) 2014 课标 II have 动词：主语是第三人称单数时，have 的现在时(一般现在时，现在完成时，现在完成进行时)用has。主语不是第三人称单数时，现在时用 have，过去时用 had。Li Ming, together with his parents, have gone abroa
20、d. (have has，主语是 Li Ming，注意：with sb.或together with sb.等介词短语是不能作主语的) （简单复习主谓一致 ） be 动词：主语是第三人称单数时，be 的现在时(一般现在时，现在进行时)用 is，过去时(一般过去时，过去进行时)用 was。主语是 I，用 am 或 was；主语是 you 或复数，用 are 或 were。如：the only clothes I had was those I had on. (was were，主语是 the only clothes)2011 课标考点 8：非谓语动词一般说来，句中已有谓语动词，再出现动词，其
21、前面又没有并列连词 and ,but or 时，该动词应为非谓语动词。我们应根据该非谓语动词在句中所作句子成分，以及它与逻辑主语的关系，来确定用具体的形式。 作主语或宾语不能用动词原形，通常改为 ing 形式或不定式。如：Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner (Have Having)2013 课标II 熟记其后只能接 ing 或只能接 to do 作宾语的动词。如：Last year, she decided study abroad. (study to study ，因 deci
22、de to do sth.)2010 大纲 介词后要用动词的 ing 形式。注意区分 to 是介词还是不定式符号。如：He isnt good at talk but he gets on well with other people. (talk talking，在介词 at 后) 2013 大纲I look forward to see her again in the near future. (see seeing，在介词 to 后)2010 大纲 一些固定短语或句式中的非谓语动词形式。如：She used to holding me on her knees (holding hol
23、d，因 used to do sth.) 2013 课标 IWell, I had better to stop now. (to stop stop，因 had better do sth.)2009 课标make their friendship to last long. (to last last，因 make sb. do sth.)2014 大纲 根据非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系来确定用-ing 形式还是用-ed 形式。如：We sat by the fire, have our barbecue. (have having，因 we 与 have 是主动关系)2014 陕西Fel
24、t hungry, we built a fire by the lake (Felt Feeling，因 we 与 feel 是主动关系)2013 陕西 别混淆谓语动词与非谓语动词。如：but I tried hard to do it. Suddenly, Mary, my best friend, asking me to let her copy my answers. (去掉同位语my best friend, 显然，主语是 Mary, 谓语是 ask, 由前句谓语动词的时态可知, 用一般过去时, 故改asking 为 asked)2013 四川考点 9：词类的用法 形容词作定语、表
25、语、补语, 但短文中却用了副词或名词。如：We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost! (wonderfully wonderful，作 tomatoes 的定语)2014 课标 IThe fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. (taste tasty ，作表语)2014 课标 II found the test difficulty, but I tried hard to do it. (difficulty difficult 作补语) 2013 四川副词 作状语，修饰动词、形容词、
26、全句，但短文中却用了形容词。如：Interesting, it had a connection with the British porcelain(瓷器) industry. (Interesting Interestingly，修饰全句) 2013 课标 IIIt was real a nice experience. (real really ，修饰动词 was)2011 大纲 II名词 作主语、宾语, 但短文中却用了形容词、动词等。如：He has ruined his healthy. (healthy health，作 ruined 的宾语) 2013 辽宁This made f
27、or the grow in the porcelain industry. (grow growth，作介词 for 的宾语)2013 课标 II冠词，介词，形容词性物主代词，形容词后用名词。 -ed 与-ing 形容词的用法区别：-ing 令人的(多为事)；-ed (人)感到的。如：I am awfully tiring (tiring tired，因我感到累) 2013 浙江My friend Nick told me a story about his experience back in the US, which was very interested. (interested i
28、nteresting，指他的故事是 “令人有趣的”)2010 课标考点 10：常用词辨析只考 here 与 there, some 与 any, ago 与 before, many 与 much, very much 与 very 或 much, beside 与besides, ever 与 never, either 与 neither, used to do sth.与 be used to (doing) sth.等十分常见的词语之间的辨析。千万别遇到近义词就辨析，步入复习的岐途。如：Nearly five years before, my sister and I planted
29、some cherry tomatoes (before ago，相对说话时多久以前, 用 ago；相对过去的某个时间或动作在多久之前才用 before)2014 课标 IWe dont need to do so many homework. (many much，修饰不可数名词 homework, 用 much) 2014 课标 IIThe fruits are smallThere are so much that we often share them with our neighbors. (much many，替代可数名词 fruits, 用 many) 2014 课标 IBesi
30、de, Cleo tends to bark an average of six hours a day. (Beside Besides，因 beside 是介词, 意为“ 在 的旁边”；而 besides 作介词时，意为“除之外” ，作副词, 意为“ 此外, 而且” 。注意， 凡是介词，其后一定有宾语 。而此处没有宾语，一定是用副词) 2014 辽宁再次提醒：凡是用一两句话辨别不清的，或者说老师也要查资料才能弄清楚的，甚至去年查过资料，今年又得查资料才讲得清楚的那些所谓的同义词或近义词之间的辨析，是绝对不会考的。万万不可在这里浪费时间，用辨析的这几分钟去多读一遍英语短文或故事，享受其中的快
31、乐吧。此外，多用 be 或少用 be 是写作中常见的错误，因此短文改错中可能出现。记住：作谓语的是行为动词时，如果不是进行时态或被动语态，不用 be；如果句中谓语没有动词，但汉语意思又完整了时，要用 be。如：Suddenly the arrows were flying down at us from the skythey were looked like rain! (因 looked like 中looked 本身就是系动词, were 是多余的, 应当去掉)2014 陕西So real friendship should able to stand all sorts of test
32、s. (因情态动词后要接动词原形, 而其后的 able 是形容词, 虽然意义完整, 还是要加 be) 2014 大纲又如，I very busy.(我很忙。)虽然汉语意思完整，但句中 busy 是形容词，无动词，要在 I 后加 am。At that time, we in the classroom. (那时我们在教室里。) 虽然汉语意思完整，但句中无动词，要加 be，即在we 后加 were。解题指导解题前，须明确： 一个词：因只是多一词、少一词、错一词，因此，需要增加、减少、改动的都只是一个词。 四不改：不要求考生改标点符号、大小写、词序、纲外词，这四个方面不必考虑。解题中，可按以下步骤：
33、 浏览全文，掌握大意。这一步非常重要，涉及单词和短语意思的题，以及上下文逻辑是否通顺的改连词的题，不明白上下文意思，是改不出来的。在这一步中，如遇到无需思考的明显错误，可以直接改过来。 分句阅读，认真纠错。逐句阅读，根据自己掌握的语法知识及上下文语义的衔接，结合上面提到的十个主要考点，认真纠错改错。具体思路可参考：动词形，名格数，特别留意形和副；逻辑连词常常考，冠词介词常光顾；代词注意性数格，词组句式须关注。 检查核对，攻克难点。改完后，再从头至尾认真看一遍，个别没有找出来的，对照考点，在这步完成。真题再现假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10
34、处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号（ ）, 并在其下面写出该加的词。删除: 把多余的词用斜线（）画掉。修改: 在错的词下画一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意: 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 只允许修改 10 处, 多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。1. 2015 课标卷 I When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my ho
35、me in countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green. Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier
36、and dirtier. Much rare animals are dying out. We must found ways to protect your environment. If we fail to do so, well live to regret it.本文谈到随着工业化的发展，环境受到了污染。1. think thought 指小时候“想”。2. 在 countryside 前加 the 表示 “在农村”习惯上说 in the countryside。 3. or and 因“空气新鲜” 与 “山绿”是并列关系。4. on with 表示“ 随着”用 with。5. 去
37、掉 shown 前的 been 因 “研究”与“表明”是主动关系。6. seriously serious 在名词前作定语要用形容词。7. airs air 因 air 是不可数名词，没有复数形式。8. Much Many 修饰可数名词复数要用 many。9. found find 在情态动词 (must)后用动词原形。10. your our /the 前后都是第一人次。 2. 2015 课标卷 II One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. It was very crowded. Tony saw a
38、toy on a shop window. He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop. After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. Tony was scared and begun to cry. A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop. Five minutes later, T
39、ony saw parents. Mom said, “How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried. ” Tony promised her that this would never happen again. 作者叙述 Tony 跟父母去购物时走丢，后又找到父母的经历。1. parent parents 由下文的 his parents were missing 可知用复数。2. on in 据常识，玩具应在橱窗里面，故用 in。3. 去掉 so 后的 very 这是 sothat结构，不用 very。4. look
40、s looking 介词 after 后面接动名词，故用 looking。5. where that 或者去掉 where 宾语从句，从句的结构与意思完整，用 that 引导或省略 that。6. begun began 因 begin 的过去式是 began。7. telling told 与前面的 saw 是并列谓语，用 told。 8. a the 特指上文提到的那家商店，用 the。9. saw 后面加 his 指 Tony 的父母，故加 his。 10. terrible terribly 修饰形容词 (worried)用副词。3. 2013 大纲卷 In my family, th
41、ere are three peoples. My father is hardworking but goes to work in the field every day. He isnt good at talk but he gets on well with other people. My mother is very much kind and is friendly to everybody. So when I have the problem, I will turn to her for help. My friends say I am clever. When the
42、 teacher asks us very difficulty questions, Ill think quickly and stand to answer. At home, my father often thinks Im silly. He said if I decide to do something, it takes him much times to stop me. This is how I need to improve in the future. 4. 2012 课标卷 I learned early in life that I had to be more
43、 patient and little aggressive. From the time I was about four until I was about six, I destroyed each of my toy. I was happy when the toys worked, but when things did wrong, I got angry and broke it. For a while, parents bought me new toys. But before long, they began to see which was happening. Wh
44、en I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train, my father said, “Thats it. No more toys to you.” My punishment lasted a year. Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience, I must make my toys to last. My attitude changed from then on.5. 2012 大纲卷 I Every one of us can make a great efforts to cut off t
45、he use of energy in our country. To begin with, all of us can start reducing to the use of oil by driving only when we have a real need. That wont be easy, I know, but we have to start anywhere. Whats more, we can go to work by bike once and twice a week, and we can also buy smaller cars that burn l
46、ittle oil. Other way is to watch our everyday use of water and electric at home. For example, how many times have you walked out of a room and leave the lights or television when no one else was there？6. 2012 大纲卷 II Dear Editor, Im writing to tell you opinion about water saving. Water is important.
47、We, as well as animal, cannot live without water and neither agriculture or industry can go without it. Yet it seemed water is becoming less and less. Many countries in the world find we dont have enough water. To deal with a problem, I think, we should first go all out to plant trees though trees w
48、ill help save water. Next, not drinking water should be left running. Third, we should find ways to reuse the water using in washing, especially bath water, for which is quite a lot, and that will save much water. Sincerely, Li Hua7. 2011 课标卷 My summer travel started terribly. I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a ticket to Hangzhou. I was going to visit a friend here, and after that, I would go to Xiamen for long holiday. I bought my ticket but turned aroun
