1、短文改错常见错误类型：1.动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点，常见动词错误类型有 一般现在时与一般过去时错用 and 前后动词时态不一致主谓不一致缺少动词,特别是 be 动词第三人称单数形式错用;主动语态和被动语态错用。如 2014 新课标全国卷 ISince thenfor all these yearwe had been allowing tomatoes to self seed where they please.答案：had 改为 have 本句的时间状语是 all these years，通常和现在完成进行时连用。所以使用 have been doing 的形式。如 2014 新课
2、标全国卷 IIMy dream school starts at 8:30 am and ends at 3:30 pm. There are three lesson in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didnt need to do so many homework.答案：didnt 改为 dont 本文叙述“我”的梦想学校的情况。根据文章第一句 My dream school starts at 8:30 am 可知本文基本时态是一般现在时。如 2014 新课标全国卷 IIWe can lie on the grass for a r
3、est, or sat by the lake listening music.答案：sat 改为 sit 本句中的 or 表示选择关系，也是一个并列连词，所以与前面的 lie同样都使用动词原形。如 2014 四川卷Today, I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm go off.答案: go 改为 goes。本句的主语 a fire alarm 为单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式goes。如 2014 辽宁卷The early morning barking have been disturbing us
4、 as we are often up all night with the baby.答案: have 改为 has。本句的主语是单个的动名词短语 the early morning barking，做主语时，谓语动词要使用单数形式。2. 名词的常见错误：单复数名词错用，可数名词与不可数名词错用。如 2014 新课标全国卷 ISince thenfor all these yearwe had been allowing tomatoes to self seed where they please.答案：year 改为 years。本句前面的指示代词 these 修饰可数名词复数形式，所以
5、使用名词 years。如新课标全国卷 IIFor example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.答案：hour 改为 hours。根据 one and a half hours 一个半小时。如 2014 四川卷Stay close to your teacher and classmate.答案: classmate 改为 classmates。此处表达同班同学应为复数形式，因为同伴同学应该有多人，而不会只是一个。3. 连词错误连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词
6、and/ or/but 等。关于连词，一般考查从句关系who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether 等。如 2014 新课标全国卷 IAlthough we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems. 答案：去掉 but 或 butyet。连词 although 不能和 but 连用。可以把 but 改为副词yet。如 2014
7、 四川卷If you notice that when someone is missing and hurt, tell your teacher immediately.答案: 去掉 when。根据句意，如果你注意到有人失踪或受伤，可知此处是 that 引导的宾语从句表陈述，故 when 多余。答案: and 改为 or。根据句意“有人不见或者受伤”可知 Or 表示的是选择的关系。4. 冠词错误：误用 a 和 an(根据单词的第一个音素来判定);误用 a/an 和 the(固定搭配，或泛指、特指;多冠词或少冠词 ).如新课标全国卷 IAs result, the plants are gr
8、owing somewhere.答案：result 前加 a 考查固定搭配，as a result 结果是。如新课标全国卷 IIThere are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings. 答案：去掉第一个 the 可数名词复数形式表示一类事物，不用定冠词。如 2014 四川卷If its a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead you back to the classroom.答案: a 改为 the。当文章中第二次提到前
9、面的某一名词时，需使用 the 表示特指。如 2014 辽宁卷Besides, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.答案: bark 后面的 a 改为 an。名词 average 是以元音开始的单词，所以使用 an 修饰average of。5. 形容词和副词错误：系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词 smell/feel);词性的误用(形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词、形容词 )。如新课标全国卷 IThe fruits are small in size, but juicy an
10、d taste.答案: taste 改为 tasty 本句中的形容词 juicy 和前面的 small 一样，和系动词 are 构成系表结构。由 and 可知用 tasty。We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!答案: wonderfully 改为 wonderful 本句中使用形容词 wonderful 做定语来修饰后面的名词 tomatoes。 如新课标全国卷 IIThe teachers here are kind and helpfully.答案: helpfullyhelpful 本句中的形容词 helpful 与前面的 kin
11、d 都是形容词在句中做表语。如 2014 四川卷Dont panic or get out of line, and try to remain quiet and calmly.答案: calm 改为 calmly 。此句 remain 为系动词，后接形容词作表语构成系表结构。6. 代词错误：代词的主格和宾格(I / me;he/him; she/ her; we/ us they/ them )错误;反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用错误; 代词的单数和复数使用错误; 代词指代错误;多代词或少代词。如 2
12、014 四川卷If its the false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead us back to the classroom.答案: us 改为 you 。根据句子的主语 your teacher 可知你的老师会带你们回教室。如 2014 辽宁卷We appreciate our apologies and goodwill, but we hope that you can figure out a good way of settling the matter.答案: our 改为 your。句义：我们很欣赏你的歉意
13、。根据后面的 you 可知对方是来道歉的。如 2014 陕西卷Neither of the arrows hit the target.答案: Neither 改为 none。代词 neither 表示两者都不；而本句中没有提及两者，应该是有很多的鸟。故使用 none 表示三者或者三者以上的全部否定。7. 非谓语动词的常见错误：不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时;and 连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致(尤其距离较远时 );介词后用动名词形式作宾语 ;某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。如 2014 四川卷Dont panic or get out of line, and trying to remai
14、n quiet and calm.答案: trying 改为 try。此处为祈使句，因为连词 and 连接的是两个同样性质的内容，前面是一个祈使句 Dont panic or get out of line，后面也应该是一个祈使句。故使用 try，而不是trying。如 2014 辽宁卷It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute shes outside.答案: understanding 改为 understand。本句中的 it 是一个形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式结构 to understand why.；不
15、定式结构中 to 后面要接动词原形。8. 介词错误：词组中的介词误用;介词意思理解偏差; 介词的多用或少用 .如新课标全国卷 INearly five years ago, and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes in our back garden. 答案：by 改为 of with the help of 在的帮助下。如新课标全国卷 IITherefore, we have more time with after-school activities. 答案：with 改为
16、for 本句中的介词 for 表示目的。句意：我们有更多的时间来进行课外活动。如 2014 四川卷Today, I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm goes off.答案: with 改为 about 固定搭配 talk about something 谈论关于某事。If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside.答案:wait 后加 for。此处 wait 为不及物动词，后接宾语时需加上介词 for，构成 wait for等待。如 2014 辽宁卷Although weve been delighted to have you as neighbors, were hoping to settle something that bothers to us.答案:去掉 us 前面的 to。动词 bother 困扰，麻烦；这是一个及物动词，后面直接加宾语，不需要使用介词 to。
