1、2018 高考英语短文语法填空选练题（共 12 页含答案）（2017 高考选练）语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。(选自 2017日照检测)TOEFL, short for Test of English as a Foreign Language, is a standardized test of English. The TOEFL test is an important step of your journey _1_ (study) in an Englishspeaking country.The TOEFL test _2_ (
2、measure) your ability to use and understand at the university level. And it evaluates _3_ well you combine your listening, reading, speaking and writing _4_ (skill) to perform academic tasks.More than 30 million people from all over the world have taken the TOEFL test to show _5_ Englishlanguage com
3、petence. The TOEFL test has _6_ (many) test dates and locations than any other Englishlanguage test in the world. You can retake the test many times as you wish, _7_ you cannot take it more than once in a 12day period.The TOEFL test is the most _8_ (wide) respected Englishlanguage test in the world,
4、 _9_ (organize) by more than 9 000 colleges, universities and agencies in more than 130 countries, _10_ (include) Australia, Canada, the U. K. and the United States. Wherever you want to study, the TOEFL test can help you get there.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，向读者介绍了托福考试的一些相关内容，包括考查项目、参加次数以及托福考试的影响和作用等。1to study
5、 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空格处应用动词不定式表示目的。故填 to study。2measures 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本文用的是一般现在时， “The TOEFL test”是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词要用单数第三人称形式。故填measures。3how 考查副词。句意为：它评价你把你的听、说、读、写能力结合起来的程度。how well 指程度如何。故填 how。4skills 考查名词复数。听、说、读、写是四种能力，所以要用名词 skill 的复数形式 skills。5their 考查物主代词。句意为：超过 3 000 万来自世界各地的人参加托福考试来展示他们的英语语言能力
6、。空格处修饰名词“Englishlanguage competence”，指前面提到的“30 million people”的能力，应用形容词性物主代词。故填 their。6more 考查形容词的比较级。由空格后的“than” 可知，此处应用 many 的比较级形式。故填 more。7but 考查连词。前一句说只要你愿意，你可以多次重复参加托福考试，后一句说你不能在 12 天的时间内连续报考。前后两句话在意思上是转折关系。故填but。8widely 考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰动词“respected”，故填所给词的副词形式 widely。9organized 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可
7、知，空格处应用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语“The TOEFL test”和动词 organize 构成被动关系，所以要用过去分词形式。故填 organized。10including 考查词性转换。此处指包括澳大利亚、加拿大、英国和美国。应用所给词的介词形式 including，意为“包含，包括” 。（2017 高考选练）语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。(2017郑州市第一次质量预测)Tea is consumed around the world more than any other drink except water. Originat
8、ing in China, tea has long established _1_ (it) as the national drink of this country.A century before the birth of Christ, tea _2_ (describe) in Chinese texts as a health drink that made one live _3_ (long). Today, it is still being regarded as such. Both green tea and black tea are claimed to be e
9、ffective for _4_ (prevent) cancer, heart disease, and many other deadly diseases. There is only one point _5_ people need to be aware of when they drink tea is should not be drunk along with meals.Tea, a popular drink in China and many other countries, _6_ (be) carefully prepared according to local
10、customs. The Chinese put loose tea in teapots, add boiling water, and serve it in teacups. The strong tea from Chinas Fujian Province is drunk in tiny cups before dinner. Lighter tea with jasmine (茉莉), rose or other _7_ (flower), usually served after dinner, is special to Chinas Changjiang River reg
11、ions.Many English people, travelling away from home, feel _8_ a loss if their favourite teabags are not available. Afternoon tea in England is still a timehonoured tradition. Its a good opportunity for people to socialize or discuss business matters.In Japan, a tea ceremony is often held while peopl
12、e are drinking tea. The ceremony, usually _9_ (hold) in a teahouse, dates back to the 16th century. Guests follow strict rules set up then and the tea used is powdered green tea. Though still practised today, the ceremony may not be as popular _10_ it used to be.【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了茶的渊源及几个国家的茶文化。【段
13、意梳理】第一段：简单介绍了茶的地位。第二段：介绍了茶的作用和饮用时的注意事项。第三段：中国人饮茶的种类和方法。第四段：英国人的饮茶习惯和文化。第五段：日本人的饮茶文化和现状。1itself 考查代词。此处填的代词与句子主语 tea 形成互指关系，故用反身代词。2was described 考查动词时态和语态。根据语境中的时间状语“A century before the birth of Christ”可知，事情发生在过去，且 tea 和 describe 构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。3longer 考查比较级。此处表示“ 让人活得更长” ，故用 longer。4preve
14、nting 考查动名词。介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故用动名词preventing。5that 考查定语从句。that 引导定语从句，在从句中作介词 of 的宾语，修饰先行词 one point。6is 考查主谓一致。句子主语为 Tea，且与下文的“is drunk”在时态上呼应，故此处用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。7flowers 考查名词复数。flower 是可数名词，由前面的 other 可知，此处表示复数概念。8at 考查介词。固定搭配 at a loss 意为“ 困惑，不知所措”，故用介词 at。9held 考查非谓语动词。hold 和句子谓语之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词。句
15、子主语 The ceremony 与 hold 构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。10as 考查连词。由“as 形容词as”的结构可知，此处应用连词 as 引导比较状语从句。语法填空(2016石家庄市调研检测)We th ink that life in Chinese high school is an adventure in which we have to survive mountains of homework and exams. Yet would it be _1_ (surprise) if I tell you that high school life in th
16、e US is almost as stressful and demanding as it is in China?In US high school, everything _2_ (record) and graded, including your grades on quizzes, tests and final examinations. Failing _3_ (turn) in your homework on time will directly affect your grade for a certain course. Perhaps contrary to _4_
17、 we used to think of the US high school students, they pay great attention to their _5_ (academy) performance to try to get into distinguished university. _6_， theyll be disappointed after graduation from high school.Like university students, the US high school students have the _7_ (free) to choose
18、 the courses that most interest _8_ (they). Even a 9thgrader can sit _9_ the same classroom as 12thgraders. But this also means he or she has to work very hard, because the teacher will not treat him or her differently just because he or she is a few years _10_ (young)1_ 2._ 3._ 4._5_ 6._ 7._ 8._9_
19、10._【参考答案】语法填空语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国学生的高中生活。1surprising 此处是现在分词作形容词，意为“令人吃惊的”，符合语境。2is recorded everything 和谓语 record 之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示客观情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态，即 is recorded，与 graded 呼应。3to turn fail to do sth.意为“ 不能做某事”，为固定搭配。4what 空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语，表示物的概念，故填 what。5academic 修饰名词应用形容词，故用形容词 academic 修饰名词 pe
20、rformance，作定语。6Otherwise 根据语境可知，此处表示否则他们高中毕业后就会感到失望，故用副词otherwise，意为“ 否则” ，作状语。7freedom 由定冠词 the 可知，此处应用名词，即 freedom。8them 此处应用宾格形式，作动词 interest 的宾语，故填 them。9in in the classroom 意为“在教室里”，符合语境，故填 in。10younger 根据上文可知，9 年级和 12 年级的学生比较，自然是年轻一些，故用形容词的比较级形式，即 younger。（2017 高考选练）语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个
21、单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2017定州一中检测)Jiuzhaigou Valley, ChinaLocated in Sichuan province, the Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve, or Jiuzhaigou Valley, should be on your travel radar for its picturesque beauty of lush forests, _1_ (impress) waterfalls and glistening lakes. As China endeavors toward _2_ (cut) its carb
22、on emissions by 2020, however, Jiuzhaigou is also a pioneer for biodiversity conservation and environmental _3_ (aware) in China by advocating ecotourism. Listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 1992 and a World Biosphere Reserve in 1997, the area is home to many _4_ (endanger) plant and animal
23、 species, including the beloved Giant Panda. To explore the mountainous _5_ (surrounding) and away from the crowds, Zharu Valley, _6_ particular, is the designated ecotourism zone within the national park. Visitors are restricted in number with access only via guided hiking to the undisturbed surrou
24、ndings and furthermore, into _7_ of the nine Tibetan villages _8_ occupy the region. With Chinas carbon reduction efforts in full effect and Jiuzhaigou first in line to support a greener future, the area can _9_ (confident) look forward to welcoming many more generations of visitors _10_ (come)【语篇解读
25、】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国著名风景区四川的九寨沟。1impressive/impressing 考查词性转换。修饰名词的词为形容词，故用形容词impressive/impressing 修饰名词“waterfalls”，符合语境，指令人印象深刻的瀑布。2cutting 考查动名词用法。介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故用动名词 cutting 作介词 toward 的宾语。3awareness 考查词性转换。形容词修饰名词，故 environmental 修饰名词awareness，符合语境。4endangered 考查非谓语动词。endanger 和句子谓语“is”之间没有连词，
26、故用非谓语动词，且和其逻辑主语“plant”构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，指濒危植物和动物物种。5surroundings 考查名词用法。surrounding 用复数形式作名词，表示环境，被形容词 mountainous 修饰，符合语境。6in 考查固定搭配。固定搭配 in particular 相当于 particularly，意为“尤其” ，符合语境。故用介词 in。7one 考查代词用法。与语境“nine”呼应可知，此处表示其中之一的概念，表示泛指，与介词 of 呼应。8that/which 考查定语从句。 that/which 引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词 villa
27、ges，符合语境。9confidently 考查词性转换。副词修饰动词、副词或形容词，甚至用来修饰整个句子，作状语。此处用副词 confidently 修饰动词短语“look forward to”，符合语境。10to come 考查非谓语动词。此处不定式表示将来的概念，作后置定语，和句子谓语“look forward to”之间没有连词。（2017 高考选练）语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2017贵州普通考试)When a woman took the seat beside me on a plane, I _1_ (feel) u
28、nhappy. She had to lower herself slowly, squeezing her body into the small space. “My name is Kelly. Im from Canada. Where _2_ you from？” She waved a hand in front of my face.“China， ” I said as I shook her hand unwillingly. Kelly kept talking to me. She was very thoughtful. When we _3_ (serve) drin
29、ks and meals, she made sure that I had enough room in my seat. “I dont want to make you _4_ (comfort) with my elephant size！” she said sincerely. I couldnt help letting down my guard. As we talked, I was surprised by her wise _5_ (word). She had read many books and was very smart. I asked her if she
30、 ever thought about _6_ (lose) some weight. “Arent you worried about the diseases that come with being overweight？” “Not at all. I eat _7_ (health) food and walk regularly， ” She said.“I believe in my heart, the people who get diseases are the ones who worry. You see advertisements from exercise cen
31、ters that read, Free yourself from your extra baggage, so you are free to be _8_ (you) Youre free only _9_ youre comfortable with who you are！” I suddenly realized that Kelly was _10_ most beautiful and clever woman I had ever met in my life.【解题导语】 本文讲述了作者乘坐飞机时起初对旁边胖胖的女乘客没有好感。后来她的热情及对生活的感悟让作者刮目相看。1f
32、elt 考查时态。本处叙述的是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故用felt。2are 考查时态和主谓一致。本处“你来自哪里”是女乘客的问话，应用一般现在时；根据主语 you 可知，应用 are。3were served 考查时态和语态。we 与 serve 是逻辑上的动宾关系，且结合全文的时态可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，故填 were served。4uncomfortable 考查形容词。句意：我不想因为我的大块头让你不舒服。本处用形容词 uncomfortable“不舒服”作宾补。5words 考查名词。 “她智慧的话语 ”，word 为可数名词，故本处应用名词复数形式。6losin
33、g 考查动名词。介词 about 后接动名词，故填 losing。7healthy/healthful 考查形容词。 “(有益于)健康的食物” ，本处用形容词healthy/healthful 作定语修饰名词 food。8yourself 考查反身代词。 “你会自由做你自己”，根据主语 you 可知，应用反身代词 yourself。9if/when 考查连词。句意：如果/当你对自己感到舒服，你才是自由的。故本处应用连词 if/when。10the 考查冠词。“ 最美丽最聪明的女子”，本处应用定冠词 the 修饰形容词的最高级。语法填空(2016福建省普通高中毕业班质检)Make your ho
34、me a safer placeYou probably think that your home is the one place where you are safe. Thats what I thought until last week. Now I know our flat is full of accidents waiting _1_ (happen). Next month well look _2_ my niece and nephew while their parents go away for _3_ short break. We will ask them t
35、o come and make sure that everything is _4_ (total) OK. All of us will get a few _5_ (surprise)We start in the spare bedroom, in _6_ the children will sleep. Everybody knows you shouldnt put childrens beds under a window in case a child _7_ (try) to climb out. Next is the bathroom. We keep our medic
36、ines on a shelf above the washbasin. Never leave medicines where children can find _8_ (they). They might think they are sweets. Finally, the kitchen. This is the most _9_ (danger) room in the house. Knives should _10_ (keep) in drawers which children cant reach, and all cleaning liquids in high cup
37、boards. So we have three weeks to make our house safe. Its not difficult . once you know how to do.1_ 2._ 3._ 4._5_ 6._ 7._ 8._9_ 10._【参考答案】语法填空语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何让家更安全。1to happen 固定搭配 wait to do sth.意为“等着做某事”，故填 to happen。2after 固定搭配 look after 意为“照看”，与“while their parents go away”呼应。3a break 意为
38、“休息”，是可数名词，此处表泛指，故用不定冠词修饰。4totally 修饰形容词应用副词，故用副词 totally 修饰形容词 OK，在句子中作状语。5surprises surprise 此处意为 “意想不到的事”，是可数名词，且被 a few 修饰，故用复数形式。6which 此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为 the spare bedroom, in whichwhere。7tries/should try in case 引导的状语从句中，从句用虚拟语气，常用“should do”的形式；也可以不用虚拟语气，主从句时态一致，故用 tries。 8them 空处作谓语动词 find 的宾
39、语，因此应用宾格形式。9dangerous 修饰名词应用形容词，故用形容词 dangerous 在句子中作定语，与 the most 呼应。10be kept 句子主语 Knives 与 keep 之间构成动宾关系，故用被动语态 be kept。（2017 高考选练）语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个或者 3 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2017成都第一次诊断)Over 2,200 years ago, Chengdu was threatened by frequent floods. Li Bing, together with his son, decided
40、 to construct an irrigation system on the Minjiang River, _1_ (prevent) flooding. _2_ having a long study and a lot of hard work by the local people, the great Dujiangyan Irrigation System was completed. Since then, the Chengdu Plain _3_ (be) free of flooding and the people have been living peaceful
41、ly and wealthily.It is the _4_ (old) and only surviving nodam irrigation system in the world. It is also _5_ wonder in the development of Chinese science. The project consists of three important parts, namely Yuzui, Feishayan and Baopingkou, which were _6_ (science) designed to control the water flo
42、w of the rivers throughout the year.There is a glorious bridge called the Anlan Cable Bridge crossing the Minjiang River above Yuzui, _7_ you can clearly see the entire system. The great _8_ (construct) originally started before the Song Dynasty. At that time, the body of the bridge was constructed
43、with wooden blocks and the handrails (扶手) were made of bamboo. Recently the wood and bamboo have been replaced with steel and concrete to guarantee the security of _9_ (visit) from home and abroad. Seen from afar, the bridge looks like a rainbow _10_ (hang) over the river.【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了成都都江堰水利工
44、程的建造过程、世界地位、历史价值以及该工程的现状。【段意梳理】第一段：为阻止成都遭受洪水侵扰，李冰父子决定修建都江堰水利工程。第二段：都江堰水利工程的世界地位和历史意义。第三段：安澜索桥横跨岷江，在那里可以看到都江堰水利工程的全貌。1to prevent 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，李冰和他的儿子在岷江设计灌溉系统的目的是阻止洪水在成都泛滥，故此处应用动词不定式表示目的。2After 考查介词。在经过长期调研和地方群众的艰苦工作之后，都江堰水利工程完工。after 意为“ 在之后”，符合语境。3has been 考查时态。句意：从那时起，成都平原不再受洪水侵扰，人们过着和平、富裕的生活。根据
45、该句中的“Since then” 及“have been”可知，该句应用现在完成时。4oldest 考查形容词最高级。根据该句中的 the 和“in the world”可知，都江堰水利工程是世界上现存最古老的无坝水利工程，故用最高级。5a 考查不定冠词。句意：它也是中国科学发展历史上的一个奇迹。这里泛指“一个奇迹”，故用不定冠词。6scientifically 考查副词。空处修饰动词，故用副词形式。7where 考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用 where 引导该定语从句。8construction 考查名词。根据空前的形容词“great
46、” 可以判断，空处被形容词修饰，故用名词形式。9visitors 考查名词的数。这里指“保证国内外游客的安全”，故用名词的复数形式。10hanging 考查非谓语动词。句意：从远处看，这座桥就像是悬挂在江上方的彩虹。空处与 rainbow 存在逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词。（2017 高考选练）语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个或者 3 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2017陕西质量检测)Also _1_ (know) as “paper paintings” and “painted pictures”，New Year paintings are _2_ uni
47、que art form in Chinese folk culture. The paintings are called “New Year paintings” because they are _3_ (most) posted during the Chinese New Year holiday _4_ decoration and they are also a symbol of New Years greetings.New Year paintings _5_ (appear)around the Tang dynasty, replacing the previous d
48、oor pictures _6_ (feature) the gods believed to be able to protect the residents and drive away ghosts.In the Song dynasty, New Year paintings were created on a large scale. With the advancement of printing technology, the content and forms of New Year paintings became _7_ (diversity). The development of the paintings matured in the Ming and Qing dynasties, _8_ the art hit its heyday(全盛
