1、2018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（全国卷 1）及答案解析英语第一部分听力 (共两节，满分 30 分做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分)听下面 5 段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例: How much is the shirt?A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.答案是 C。1. What will James d
2、o tomorrow?A. Watch a TV program. B. Give a talk. C. Write a report.2. What can we say about the woman?A. Shes generous. B. Shes curious. C. Shes helpful.3. When does the train leave?A. At 6:30. B. At 8:30. C. At 10:304. How does the woman go to work?A. By car B. On foot C. By bike.5. What is the pr
3、obable relationship between the speakers?A. Classmates. B. Teacher and student. C. Doctor and patient.第二节(共 15 小题; 每小题 1.5 分。满分 22.5 分)听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题6. What does the woman regret?A.
4、Giving up her research.B. Dropping out of college.C. Changing her major.7. What is the woman interested in studying now?A. Ecology. B. Education. C. Chemistry听第 7 段材料，回答第 8、9 题。8. What is the mam?A. A hotel manager. B. A tour guide. C. A taxi driver.9. What is the man doing for the woman?A. Looking
5、for some local foods.B. Showing her around the seaside.C. Offering information about a hotel.听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。10. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In an office. B. At home. C. At a restaurant.11. What will the speakers do tomorrow evening?A. Go to a concert. B. Visit a friend
6、. C. Work extra hours.12. Who is Alice going to call?A. Mike. B. Joan C. Catherine.听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。13. Why does the woman meet the man?A. To look at an apartmentB. To deliver some furniture.C. To have a meal together.14. What does the woman like about the carpet?A. Its color. B. Its design. C
7、. Its quality.15. What does the man say about the kitchen?A. Its a good size. B. Its newly painted. C. Its adequately equipped.16. What will the woman probably do next?A. Go downtown. B. Talk with her friend. C. Make payment.听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。17. Who is the speaker probably talking to?A. Movie
8、 fans. B. News reporters. C. College students.18. When did the speaker take English classes?A. Before he left his hometown.B. After he came to America.C. When he was 15 years old.19. How does the speaker feel about his teacher?A. Hes proud. B. Hes sympathetic. C. Hes grateful.20. What does the speak
9、er mainly talk about?A. How education shaped his life.B. How his language skills improved.C. How he managed his business well.答案： 1-5 BCCBA 6-10 BABCC 11-15 ABAAC 16-20 BCBCA第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，满分 40 分)第一节 (共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWashington, D.C. Bicycle
10、 ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.Duration: 3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reser
11、ve your spot before availability and the cherry blossoms disappear!Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration: 3 hours (4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mail as your guide shares
12、 unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.Duration: 3 hoursMorning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy w
13、ay with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration: 3
14、hours (7 miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capital Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are make for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history.
15、Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.21. Which tour do you need to book in advance?A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.D. Was
16、hington Capital Sites at Night Bike Tour.22. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?A. Meet famous people. B. Go to a national park.C. Visit well-known museums. D. Enjoy interesting stories.23. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?A. City maps. B. Cameras.C. Meals. D
17、. Safety lights.此篇为有小标题的应用文，内容为华盛顿四种骑车游的介绍，配备 3 道细节理解题，出题形式中规中矩，相对比较简单。此类文章根据题干中的关键词仔细回原文寻找对应即可。21. A细节理解题。题目问“ 哪一个骑车游需要提前预定” ，根据第一段内容中的“Reserve your spot before availability and the cherry blossoms disappear(在有效期和樱花消失前预约)”可知应选 A。此题难点在于熟悉词汇（in advance 和reserve）。22. D细节理解题。题目问“ 首都骑车游中你能做什么 ”，根据第三段内容中
18、的“Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks（知识丰富的向导会给你讲关于总统、国会、纪念馆还有公园的最有趣的故事）”可知应选 D 选项“听有趣的故事” 。23. D细节理解题。题目问“ 以下哪一个是夜间骑车游提供的” ，根据第四段内容中的“All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights（所有骑行者装备反光背心和安全
19、灯）” 可知应选 D 选项。BGood Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role - showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week
20、and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says shes been able to put a lot of what shes learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, I4, Finn
21、, 13. and Jack, 11We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant,“ she explains, “I pay 5 is for a portion (一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food. But sometimes were not
22、aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.”The eight-part series (系列节目)，Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household e
23、xpenses, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonights Faster special, they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the familys long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.24. What do
24、we know about Susanna Reid?A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests. B. She has started a new programme.C. She dislikes working early in the morning. D. She has had a tight budget for her family.25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna? A. He buys cooking materials for her. B. He prepares food for her ki
25、ds.C. He assists her in cooking matters. D. He invites guest families for her.26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph4?A. Summarize the previous paragraphs. B. Provide some advice for the readers.C. Add some background information. D. Introduce a new topic for the discussion.27. What can
26、be a suitable title for the text?A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B. Balancing Our Daily DietC. Making yourself a Perfect Chef D. Cooking Well for Less24. B.细节题，出处可定位至第一段 her latest role，为各种家庭展示如何用比较少的预算去做既好吃又有营养的饭菜； A 选项虽然提到 Susanna 和 guest，但是embarrass 偷换了原文的概念，可以排除；C 选项无中生有；D 选项原文中未提到她自己的家庭预算很紧张。25.
27、 C.细节题，出处定位至第二段 with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under $5 per family a day. 可知 Matt 在烹饪事物上帮助了 Susanna。26. C.细节题，出处定位至 Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money: Good Health,可知作者是为读者介绍了 Save Money 这个节目
28、是怎么来的，即是背景信息，故选择 C 项。27. D.主旨题，主旨句一般可定位至文章的第一段，but 后的关键信息点 she is cooking up a storm in her latest role - showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.可知答案 D。CLanguages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less comi
29、ng and a lot more going. When the world was sill populated by hunter-gatherers , small tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps
30、 1200 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory educa
31、tion, especially globalization and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6800 languages. The distribution of these languages
32、is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1000; Africa 2400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3200, of which
33、 Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数 ) of speakers is a mere 6000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speaker
34、s left. Pick, at random, Busum in Cameroon (eight remaining Speaker), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark) none of these seems to have much chance of survival.28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-g
35、atherer times?A. They developed very fast. B. They were large in number.C. They had similar patterns. D. They were closely connected.29. Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?A. Complex. B. Advanced.C. Powerful. D. Modern.30. How many languages are spoken by less
36、than 6000 people at present?A. About 6800 B. About 3400C. About 2400 D. About 120031. What is the main idea of the text?A. New languages will be created.B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in fewer languages.C. Human development results in fewer languages.D. Geography determines language evolution.2
37、8. B细节题。由 hunter-gatherer times 定位到第一自然段，根据 when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 1200 languages between them. 可是当时人少，但是语言很多。29. C.猜题题。根据第二段后半部分 dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over, 列举的英语、西班牙语、中文等都是使用人数较多等语言，所以选择 power
38、ful。30. B.细节题。根据第三段 At present, the world has about 6800 languages 和 Themedian number (中位数) of speakers is a were 6000 ,which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that. 可知现在有 3400 种语言被少于 6000 人说。31. C.主旨题，根据 Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years,
39、 but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going .可知增加的语言少消失的语言多，且本文按照时间顺序写作，讲了随着人类发展，很多语言消失。所以选择 C。DWe may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices（装置） well a
40、fter they go out of style. Thats bad news for the environment and our wallets as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the news ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using. Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology
41、 in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic
42、mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didnt throw out our old ones. “The living-room telev
43、ision is replaced and gets planted in the kids room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,” said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. Were not just keeping these old devices we continue to use them. Acc
44、ording to the analysis of Babbitts team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions（排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So whats the solution（解决方案）? The teams date only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what wo
