1、XML 解析器接口缩略语XML eXtensible Markup Language 可扩展的置标语言DOM Document Object Model，文档对象模型SAX Simple API for XML，简单的 XML APIJAXP Java API for XML Processing XML 的 Java 接口DTD Document Type Definition，文档对象定义XSL Extensible Stylesheet Language，可扩展样式语言可扩展标记语言 XML(eXtensible Markup Language)是标准通用标记语言 SGML 的子集，是互
2、联网上交换数据的标准。XML 文件包含了数据对象和处理这些数据对象的程序的描述。XML 文件在被浏览器显示出来或其他应用程序使用之前，经过了以下几个步骤：解析、样式表格式化、转换、数据库访问等。XML 解析器完成第一步工作，它读取 XML 文件，生成语法树，审查文档结构，将结果传给应用程序。XML 解析器可以是验证解析器，用以检查文件是否有效，也可以是非验证解析器，仅为结构良好的文件进行检查。应用程序可使用 C、Java 或 Jscript、VBscript、ASP 等脚本语言，通过解析器接口对XML 文件中的元素、属性、实体和标记进行操作。常见的 XML 解析器：1. MSXML，微软的 X
3、ML 解析器，与 W3C 规范不完全兼容。2. Xerces，开放源码组织提供，实现 Xerces 本地接口 XNI，支持的标准有：XML1.0、XML 命名空间、DOM2（Core, Events, and Traversal and Range)、SAX2（ Core, and Extension） 、JAXP1.1 、XML Schema 1.0（Structures and Datatypes） 。Xerces 有 3 个版本，分别用 C+、java 和 perl 实现。应用程序可以链接 Xerces 库，调用其接口访问 XML 文档。3 XML4j、XML4c，IBM 对 Xerce
4、s 的扩展。XML4j 的 API 分为 3 类：Public：包括 DOM1、DOM2 接口，SAX1、SAX2 接口Experimental：包括 DOM3 接口Internal：内部接口DOM 接口：整个 XML 文档被视为具有层次关系的节点树，所有的非根节点都是以一个根节点为祖先遗传下来。例如这段文件，Shady GroveAeolian Over the River, Charlie Dorian DOM 将其看作下面这棵树，当然“树“的观念只是逻辑上的，协议的实现可以采用各种方式。对树进行深度优先前序遍历即可重现文档。DOM 中每一种节点类型都有一个相应的接口。DOM 的节点类型有
5、：Document、Element、Attr、Text、CDATASection、EntityReference、Entity、ProcessingInstruction、 Comment、DocumentType 、DocumentFragment、Notation。节点的包容关系：Document Element, ProcessingInstruction, Comment, DocumentTypeElement Element, Text, Comment, ProcessingInstruction, CDATASection, EntityReferenceAttr Text,
6、EntityReferenceTextCDATASectionEntityReference Element, ProcessingInstruction, Comment, Text, CDATASection, EntityReferenceEntity Element, ProcessingInstruction, Comment, Text, CDATASection, EntityReferenceProcessinfInstructionCommentDocumentTypeDocumentFragment Element, ProcessingInstruction, Comme
7、nt, Text, CDATASection, EntityReferenceNotationDOM1 由两部分组成：Core DOM 和 HTML DOM。Core DOM 进一步被划分为基础接口和扩展接口，所有解析器都必须实现基础接口，如果只对 HTML 文档进行操作，则不需要实现扩展接口。HTML DOM 对 HTML 文档所特有的对象和方法进行描述，可参见相关规范，此处不详述。基础接口：DOMException 接口：exception DOMException unsigned short code;/ ExceptionCodeconst unsigned short INDEX_
8、SIZE_ERR = 1;const unsigned short DOMSTRING_SIZE_ERR = 2;const unsigned short HIERARCHY_REQUEST_ERR = 3;const unsigned short WRONG_DOCUMENT_ERR = 4;const unsigned short INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR = 5;const unsigned short NO_DATA_ALLOWED_ERR = 6;const unsigned short NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR = 7;const u
9、nsigned short NOT_FOUND_ERR = 8;const unsigned short NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR = 9;const unsigned short INUSE_ATTRIBUTE_ERR = 10;DOMImplementation 接口：由用户实现interface DOMImplementation boolean hasFeature(in DOMString feature, in DOMString version);DocumentFragment 接口：用于子树移动和插入interface DocumentFragment : Node
10、 ;Document 接口：interface Document : Node readonly attribute DocumentType doctype;readonly attribute DOMImplementation implementation;readonly attribute Element documentElement;Element createElement(in DOMString tagName)raises(DOMException);DocumentFragment createDocumentFragment();Text createTextNode
11、(in DOMString data);Comment createComment(in DOMString data);CDATASection createCDATASection(in DOMString data)raises(DOMException);ProcessingInstruction createProcessingInstruction(in DOMString target, in DOMString data)raises(DOMException);Attr createAttribute(in DOMString name)raises(DOMException
12、);EntityReference createEntityReference(in DOMString name)raises(DOMException);NodeList getElementsByTagName(in DOMString tagname);Node 接口interface Node / NodeTypeconst unsigned short ELEMENT_NODE = 1;const unsigned short ATTRIBUTE_NODE = 2;const unsigned short TEXT_NODE = 3;const unsigned short CDA
13、TA_SECTION_NODE = 4;const unsigned short ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE = 5;const unsigned short ENTITY_NODE = 6;const unsigned short PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE = 7;const unsigned short COMMENT_NODE = 8;const unsigned short DOCUMENT_NODE = 9;const unsigned short DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE = 10;const unsigned short
14、DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE = 11;const unsigned short NOTATION_NODE = 12;readonly attribute DOMString nodeName;readonly attribute DOMString nodeValue;readonly attribute unsigned short nodeType;readonly attribute Node parentNode;readonly attribute NodeList childNodes;readonly attribute Node firstChild;rea
15、donly attribute Node lastChild;readonly attribute Node previousSibling;readonly attribute Node nextSibling;readonly attribute NamedNodeMap attributes;readonly attribute Document ownerDocument;Node insertBefore(in Node newChild, in Node refChild)raises(DOMException);Node replaceChild(in Node newChild
16、, in Node oldChild)raises(DOMException);Node removeChild(in Node oldChild)raises(DOMException);Node appendChild(in Node newChild)raises(DOMException);boolean hasChildNodes();Node cloneNode(in boolean deep);NodeList 接口：interface NodeList Node item(in unsigned long index);readonly attribute unsigned l
17、ong length;NamedNodeMap 接口：interface NamedNodeMap Node getNamedItem(in DOMString name);Node setNamedItem(in Node arg)raises(DOMException);Node removeNamedItem(in DOMString name)raises(DOMException);Node item(in unsigned long index);readonly attribute unsigned long length;Attr 接口：interface Attr : Nod
18、e readonly attribute DOMString name;readonly attribute boolean specified;attribute DOMString value;Element 接口：interface Element : Node readonly attribute DOMString tagName;DOMString getAttribute(in DOMString name);void setAttribute(in DOMString name, in DOMString value)raises(DOMException);void remo
19、veAttribute(in DOMString name)raises(DOMException);Attr getAttributeNode(in DOMString name);Attr setAttributeNode(in Attr newAttr)raises(DOMException);Attr removeAttributeNode(in Attr oldAttr)raises(DOMException);NodeList getElementsByTagName(in DOMString name);void normalize();CharacterData 接口：inte
20、rface CharacterData : Node attribute DOMString data;readonly attribute unsigned long length;DOMString substringData(in unsigned long offset, in unsigned long count)raises(DOMException);void appendData(in DOMString arg)raises(DOMException);void insertData(in unsigned long offset, in DOMString arg)rai
21、ses(DOMException);void deleteData(in unsigned long offset, in unsigned long count)raises(DOMException);void replaceData(in unsigned long offset, in unsigned long count, in DOMString arg)raises(DOMException);Text 接口：interface Text : CharacterData Text splitText(in unsigned long offset)raises(DOMExcep
22、tion);Comment 接口：interface Comment : CharacterData ;扩展接口：CDATASection 接口：标记以定界的 CDATA 段interface CDATASection : Text ;DocumentType 接口：interface DocumentType : Node readonly attribute DOMString name;readonly attribute NamedNodeMap entities;readonly attribute NamedNodeMap notations;Node 接口：interface N
23、otation : Node readonly attribute DOMString publicId;readonly attribute DOMString systemId;Entity 接口：interface Entity : Node readonly attribute DOMString publicId;readonly attribute DOMString systemId;readonly attribute DOMString notationName;EntityReference 接口：interface EntityReference : Node ;Proc
24、essingInstruction 接口：interface ProcessingInstruction : Node readonly attribute DOMString target;attribute DOMString data;DOM2 包括核心规范和遍历与漫游规范。DOM3 包括核心规范和抽象机制与存取规范。DOM2 和 DOM3 的核心规范基本保持 DOM1 的接口结构，增加了命名空间（ namespace）概念，并对少数接口的属性和方法做了增删和修改。module domvaluetype DOMString sequence;typedef unsigned long l
25、ong DOMTimeStamp;typedef Object DOMUserData;typedef Object DOMObject;interface DOMImplementation;interface DocumentType;interface Document;interface NodeList;interface NamedNodeMap;interface UserDataHandler;interface Element;interface DOMLocator;exception DOMException unsigned short code;/ Exception
26、Codeconst unsigned short INDEX_SIZE_ERR = 1;const unsigned short DOMSTRING_SIZE_ERR = 2;const unsigned short HIERARCHY_REQUEST_ERR = 3;const unsigned short WRONG_DOCUMENT_ERR = 4;const unsigned short INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR = 5;const unsigned short NO_DATA_ALLOWED_ERR = 6;const unsigned short NO_MODIF
27、ICATION_ALLOWED_ERR = 7;const unsigned short NOT_FOUND_ERR = 8;const unsigned short NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR = 9;const unsigned short INUSE_ATTRIBUTE_ERR = 10;/ Introduced in DOM Level 2:const unsigned short INVALID_STATE_ERR = 11;/ Introduced in DOM Level 2:const unsigned short SYNTAX_ERR = 12;/ Introduce
28、d in DOM Level 2:const unsigned short INVALID_MODIFICATION_ERR = 13;/ Introduced in DOM Level 2:const unsigned short NAMESPACE_ERR = 14;/ Introduced in DOM Level 2:const unsigned short INVALID_ACCESS_ERR = 15;/ Introduced in DOM Level 3:const unsigned short VALIDATION_ERR = 16;interface DOMImplement
29、ationSource DOMImplementation getDOMImplementation(in DOMString features);interface DOMImplementation boolean hasFeature(in DOMString feature, in DOMString version);/ Introduced in DOM Level 2:DocumentType createDocumentType(in DOMString qualifiedName, in DOMString publicId, in DOMString systemId)ra
30、ises(DOMException);/ Introduced in DOM Level 2:Document createDocument(in DOMString namespaceURI, in DOMString qualifiedName, in DocumentType doctype)raises(DOMException);/ Introduced in DOM Level 3:DOMImplementation getInterface(in DOMString feature);interface Node / NodeTypeconst unsigned short EL
31、EMENT_NODE = 1;const unsigned short ATTRIBUTE_NODE = 2;const unsigned short TEXT_NODE = 3;const unsigned short CDATA_SECTION_NODE = 4;const unsigned short ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE = 5;const unsigned short ENTITY_NODE = 6;const unsigned short PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE = 7;const unsigned short COMMENT_
32、NODE = 8;const unsigned short DOCUMENT_NODE = 9;const unsigned short DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE = 10;const unsigned short DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE = 11;const unsigned short NOTATION_NODE = 12;readonly attribute DOMString nodeName;attribute DOMString nodeValue;readonly attribute unsigned short nodeType;readonl
33、y attribute Node parentNode;readonly attribute NodeList childNodes;readonly attribute Node firstChild;readonly attribute Node lastChild;readonly attribute Node previousSibling;readonly attribute Node nextSibling;readonly attribute NamedNodeMap attributes;/ Modified in DOM Level 2:readonly attribute
34、Document ownerDocument;/ Modified in DOM Level 3:Node insertBefore(in Node newChild, in Node refChild)raises(DOMException);/ Modified in DOM Level 3:Node replaceChild(in Node newChild, in Node oldChild)raises(DOMException);/ Modified in DOM Level 3:Node removeChild(in Node oldChild)raises(DOMExcepti
35、on);Node appendChild(in Node newChild)raises(DOMException);boolean hasChildNodes();Node cloneNode(in boolean deep);/ Modified in DOM Level 2:void normalize();/ Introduced in DOM Level 2:boolean isSupported(in DOMString feature, in DOMString version);/ Introduced in DOM Level 2:readonly attribute DOM
36、String namespaceURI;/ Introduced in DOM Level 2:attribute DOMString prefix;/ Introduced in DOM Level 2:readonly attribute DOMString localName;/ Introduced in DOM Level 2:boolean hasAttributes();/ Introduced in DOM Level 3:readonly attribute DOMString baseURI;/ TreePositionconst unsigned short TREE_P
37、OSITION_PRECEDING = 0x01;const unsigned short TREE_POSITION_FOLLOWING = 0x02;const unsigned short TREE_POSITION_ANCESTOR = 0x04;const unsigned short TREE_POSITION_DESCENDANT = 0x08;const unsigned short TREE_POSITION_EQUIVALENT = 0x10;const unsigned short TREE_POSITION_SAME_NODE = 0x20;const unsigned
38、 short TREE_POSITION_DISCONNECTED = 0x00;/ Introduced in DOM Level 3:unsigned short compareTreePosition(in Node other);/ Introduced in DOM Level 3:attribute DOMString textContent;/ Introduced in DOM Level 3:boolean isSameNode(in Node other);/ Introduced in DOM Level 3:DOMString lookupNamespacePrefix(in DOMString namespaceURI, in boolean useDefault);/ Introduced in DOM Level 3:boolean isDefaultNamespace(in DOMString namespaceURI);/ Introduced in DOM Level 3:DOMString lookupNamespaceURI(in DOMString prefix);/ Introduced in DOM Level 3:boolean isEqualNode(in Node arg);
