1、分子生物学adenine(A) 腺嘌呤base 碱基guanine(G) 鸟嘌呤nudeotide 核苷酸cytosine(C) 胞嘧啶nucleoside 核苷uracil(U) 尿嘧啶thymine(T) 胸腺嘧啶base pair 碱基对phosphodiester linkage 磷酸二酯键nucleosome 核小体ribosome 核糖体ribosomal RNA(rRNA) 核糖体 RNAtransfer RNA(tRNA) 转运 RNAmessenger RNA(mRNA) 信使 RNAthe central dogma 中心法则semiconservative replica
2、tion 半保留复制DNA dependent DNA polymerase 依赖 DNA 的 DNA 聚合酶mitochondria DNA 线粒体 DNAexonuclease 核酸外切酶incorporation 掺入helicase 解螺旋酶DNA topoisomerase DNA 拓扑异构酶single stranded DNA binding protein 单链 DNA 结合蛋白gyrase 旋转酶primosome 引发体primase 引物酶DNA ligase DNA 连接酶origin 起始点bidirectional replication 双向复制replicon
3、复制子leading strand 领头链lagging strand 随从链Okazaki fragment 冈崎片段rolling circle replication 滚环复制telomerase 端粒酶mutation 突变nuclease 核酸酶salvage pathway 补救合成de novo synthesis 从头合成uric acid 尿酸inosine 肌苷dimer 二聚体mismatch 错配excission repairing 切除修复recombination repairing 重组修复reverse transcriptase 逆转录酶integratio
4、n 整合ribozyme 核酶DNA dependent RNA polymerase 依赖 DNA 的 RNA 聚合酶coding strand 编码链template strand 模板链core enzyme 核心酶holoenzyme 全酶operon 操纵子promoter 启动子Pribnow box Pribnow 盒transacting factor 反式作用因子transcriptional factor 转录因子stern loop 茎环hairpin 发夹primary transcripts 初级转录产物post-transcriptional modificatio
5、n 转录后修饰hetero-nuclear RNA hnRNAsmall nuclear RNA snRNAsplit gene 断裂基因exon 外显子intron 内含子self splicing 自我剪接translation 翻译codon 密码子initiation codon 起始密码termination codon 终止密码code 密码ribozyme cycle 核糖体循环adaptor 转换器post-translational processing 翻译后加工interferon 干扰素antibiotics 抗生素anticodon 反密码子releasing fac
6、tor 释放因子wobble pairing 摇摆配对degeneracy 简并性signal peptide 信号肽secretory protein 分泌性蛋白质elongation factor 延长因子streptomycin 链霉素tetracycline 四环素chloromycetin 氯霉素puromycin 嘌呤霉素cycloheximide 防线菌酮promoter 启动子lac operon 乳糖操纵子temporal specificity 时间特异性spatial specificity 空间特异性housekeeping gene 管家基因constitutive
7、expression 组成性基因表达induction 诱导repression 阻遏operator 操纵序列cis-acting element 顺式作用元件trans-acting factor 反式作用因子repressor 阻遏物activator 激活物catabolite gene activation protein CAP 分解代谢物基因激活蛋白attenuation 转录衰减attenuator 衰减子enhance 增强子general transcription factor 基本转录因子zinc finger 锌指transformation 转化transfecti
8、on 转染transduction 转导transposition 转座transposon 转座子recombination 重组homologous recombination 同源重组clone 克隆cloning 克隆化copy 拷贝genetic engineering 基因工程restriction endonulease 限制性内切酶cloning rector 基因载体plasmid 质粒complementary DNA，cDNA 互补 DNAmolecular medicine 分子医学gene therapy 基因治疗genomic DNA library 基因组 DNA
9、 文库signal transduction 信号转导hormone 激素receptor 受体secondary messenger 第二信使ligand 配体guanylate binding protein 鸟苷酸结合蛋白(G 蛋白)adenylate cyclase 腺苷酸环化酶protein kinase A 蛋白激酶 AcAMP response element，CRE cAMP 应答元件protein kinase C 蛋白激酶 Ccalmoduline，CaM 钙调蛋白tyrosine-protein kinase，TPK 酪氨酸蛋白激酶autophosphorylation
10、自身磷酸化protein phosphatase 蛋白磷酸酶cross talk 交联对话生物化学1 章 random coil 无规卷曲threonine 苏氨酸motif 模体valine 缬氨酸zinc finger 锌指结构leucine 亮氨酸chaperon 分子伴侣lysine 赖氨酸tertiary structure 三级结构phenylalanine 苯丙氨酸domain 结构域methionine 蛋氨酸fibronectin 纤连蛋白histine 组氨酸quaternary structure 四级结构arginine 精氨酸subunit 亚基tyrosine 酪氨
11、酸myoglobin 肌红蛋白cysteine 半胱氨酸hemoglobin(Hb) 血红蛋白alanine 丙氨酸allosteric effect 变构效应glycine 甘氨酸denaturation 变性serine 丝氨酸renaturation 复性aspartic acid 天冬氨酸protein coagulation 蛋白质凝固asparagine 天冬酰胺ninhydrin reaction 茚三酮反应glutamic acid 谷氨酸biuret reaction 双缩脲反应glutamine 谷氨酰胺salt precipitation 盐析isoelectric po
12、int 等电点electrophoresis 电泳peptide bond 肽键dialysis 透析glutathione(GSH) 谷胱甘肽chromatography 层析neuropeptide 神经肽gel filtration 凝胶过滤conformation 空间构象ultracentrifugation 超速离心amino acid sequence 氨基酸序列sedimentation coefficient(S) 沉降系数2 章 purine 嘌呤deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) 脱氧核糖核酸pyrimidine 嘧啶ribonucleic acid(R
13、NA) 核糖核酸adenine(A) 腺嘌呤guanine(G) 鸟嘌呤nudeotide 核苷酸cytosine(C) 胞嘧啶nucleoside 核苷uracil(U) 尿嘧啶thymine(T) 胸腺嘧啶phosphodiester linkage 磷酸二酯键nucleosome 核小体ribosome 核糖体hybridization 杂交genetic code 遗传密码double helix 双螺旋supercoil 超螺旋probe 探针ribosomal RNA(rRNA) 核糖体 RNAtransfer RNA(tRNA) 转运 RNAmessenger RNA(mRNA)
14、 信使 RNA3 章 biocatalyst 生物催化剂proximity effect 邻近效应enzyme 酶orientation arrange 定向排列substrate 底物multielement catalysis 多元催化monomeric enzyme 单体酶surface effect 表面效应oligomeric enzyme 寡聚酶rectangular hyperbola 矩形双曲线Multienzyme system 多酶体系Michaelis equation 米氏方程式multifunctional enzyme 多功能酶Michaelis constant(
15、Km) 米氏常数tandem enzyme 串联酶maximum velocity(Vmax) 最大反应速度simple enzyme 单纯酶mover number 转换数conjugated enzyme 结合酶double reciprocal plot 双倒数作图法apoenzyme 酶蛋白optimum temperature 最适温度cofactor 辅助因子optimum pH 最适 pHholoenzyme 全酶inhibitor 抑制剂metalloenzyme 金属酶irreversible inhibition 不可逆性抑制metal activated enzyme 金
16、属激活酶reversible inhibition 可逆性抑制coenzyme 辅酶competitive inhibition 竞争性抑制prosthetic group 辅基non-competitive inhibition 非竞争性抑制essential group 必需基团uncompetitive inhibition 反竞争性抑制active center 活性中心activator 激活剂binding group 结合基团essential activator 必需激活剂catalytic group 催化基团non-essential activator 非必需激活剂act
17、ivation energy 活化能katal(kat) 催量(开特)specificity 特异性zymogen 酶原absolute specificity 绝对特异性allosteric site 变构部位relative specificity 相对特异性allosteric regulation 变构调节stereospecificity 立体异构特异性allosteric enzyme 变构酶induced-fit hypothesis 诱导契合学说allosteric effector 变构效应剂transition state 过渡态allosteric activator 变
18、构激活剂oxidoreductase 氧化还原酶allosteric inhibitor 变构抑制剂tmnsferase 转移酶covalent modification 共价修饰hydrolase 水解酶inducer 诱导剂lyase 裂解酶corepressor 辅阻遏剂isomerase 异构酶lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) 乳酸脱氢酶ligase 合成酶creatine kinase(CK) 肌酸激酶isoenzyme 同工酶TaqDNA polymerase TaqDNA 聚合酶ribozyme(RNAenzyme) 核酶immobilized enzyme
19、固定化酶rate limiting enzyme 限速酶abzyme 抗体酶enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 酶联免疫吸附测定法4 章 starch 淀粉glucose 葡萄糖glycogen 糖原-amylase -淀粉酶mactose 麦芽糖lactate 乳酸glucose transporter(GLUT) 葡萄糖转运体glycolysis 糖酵解pyruvate 丙酮酸glycolytic pathway 酵解途径aldolase 醛缩酶hexokinase 己糖激酶phosphoglycerate mutase 磷酸甘油酸激酶glu
20、cokinase 葡萄糖激酶pyruvate kinase 丙酮酸激酶enolase 烯醇化酶fructose-2,6-biphosphate 2,6-双磷酸果糖isocitrate 异柠檬酸aerobic oxidation 有氧氧化tricarboxylic acid cycle 三羧酸循环citrate 柠檬酸citrate synthase 柠檬酸合酶isocitrate dehydrogenase 异柠檬酸脱氢酶-ketoglutatrate -酮戊二酸succinyl CoA 琥珀酰 CoAfutile cycle 无效循环fumarate hydratase 延胡索酸酶subst
21、rate cycle 底物循环succinate dehydrogenase 琥珀酸脱氢酶malate dehydrogense 苹果酸脱氢酶citrate lyase 柠檬酸裂解酶Pastuer effect 巴斯德效应pentose phosphate pathway 磷酸戊糖途径lactonase 内酯酶hexose phosphate shunt 磷酸己糖旁路transketolase 转酮醇酶transaldolase 转醛醇酶biotransformation 生物转化glutathione 谷胱甘肽glycogen synthase 糖原合酶primer 糖原引物branchin
22、g enzyme 分支酶glycogenolysis 糖原分解debranching enzyme 脱支酶cascade system 级联放大系统calmodulin 钙调蛋白glycogen storage disease 糖原累积症gluconeogenesis 糖异生gluconeogenic pathway 糖异生途径pyruvate carboxylase 丙酮酸羧化酶insulin 胰岛素glucagon 胰高血糖素glucosuria 糖尿症hyperglycemia 高血糖hypoglycemia 低血糖diabetes mellitus 糖尿病glucose toleran
23、ce 葡萄糖耐量(耐糖现象)glucose-6-phophatase 葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶glycogen phosphorylase 糖原磷酸化酶phosphoglycerate mutase 磷酸甘油酸变位酶fructose biphosphatase-2 果糖双磷酸酶-2triose phosphate isomerase 磷酸丙糖异构酶phosphoenol pyruvate(PEP) 磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸6-phosphofroctokinase-2 6-磷酸果糖激酶-2succinyl-CoA synthetase 琥珀酰 CoA 合成酶glucose-6-phosphate(G-6-P
24、) 6-磷酸葡萄糖fructose-6-phosphate(F-6-P) 6-磷酸果糖substrate level phsophorylation 底物水平磷酸化作用Na+-dependent glucose transporter(SGLT) Na+依赖型葡萄糖转运体1,6-fructose-biphosphate(F-1,6-2P) 1,6-双磷酸果糖glyceraldehyde-3-phsophate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex -酮戊二酸脱氢酶复合体uridine diphos
25、phate glucose(UDPG) 尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖UDPG pyrophophosphorylase UDPG 焦磷酸化酶cAMP-dependent protein kinase 依赖 cAMP 的蛋白激酶5 章 Lipids 脂类Lipase 脂酶mixed micelles 混和微团cholesteryl esterase 胆固醇脂酶colipase 辅脂酶pancreatic lipase 胰脂酶triglyceride 甘油三酯fat 脂肪fatty acid 脂肪酸essential fatty acid 营养必须脂肪酸non-essential fatty acid 非营养
26、必须脂肪酸arachidonic acid 花生四烯酸linoleic acid 亚油酸linolenic acid 亚麻酸palmitic acid 软脂酸stearic acid 硬脂酸oleic acid 油酸unsaturated fatty acid 不饱和脂肪酸free fatty acid 游离脂肪酸monoglyceride pathway 甘油一酯通路carnitine 肉碱-oxidation -氧化ketone body 酮体acetoacetate 乙酰乙酸acetone 丙酮-hydroxybutyrate -羟丁酸citrate-pyruvate cycle 柠檬酸
27、-丙酮酸循环acetyl CoA carboxylase 乙酰 CoA 羧化酶leukotriene 白三烯prostaglandin 前列腺素thromboxane 血栓噁烷phosphotipid 磷脂phosphatidylcholine(PC) 磷脂酰胆碱(卵磷脂)phosphatidylethanolamine(PE) 磷脂酰乙醇胺(脑磷脂)phospholipase 磷脂酶phosphatidic acid(PA) 磷脂酸phosphatidyl inositol 肌醇磷脂cardiolipin 心磷脂ceramide N-脂酰鞘氨醇，神经酰氨sphingo lipid 鞘脂sph
28、ingomyelin 神经鞘磷脂cholesterol 胆固醇3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarylCoA 3-羟基-3- 甲基戊二酸单酰 CoAmevalonic acid(MVA) 甲羟戊酸squalene 鲨烯bile acid 胆汁酸chylomicron(CM) 乳糜微粒lipoprotein 脂蛋白apolipoprotein 载脂蛋白very low density lipoprotein(VLDL) 极低密度脂蛋白low density lipoprotein(LDL) 低密度脂蛋白high density lipoprotein(HDL) 高密度脂蛋白acylc
29、holesterol acyl transferase(ACAT) 脂酰-胆固醇脂酰转移酶lecithin cholesterol aeyl transferase (LCAT) 卵磷脂-胆固醇脂酰转移酶lipoprotein lipase(LPL) 脂蛋白脂酶hyperlipoproteinemia 高脂蛋白血症6 章 biological oxidation 生物氧化respiratory chain 呼吸链electron transport chain 电子传递链oxidative phosphorylation 氧化磷酸化uncoupler 解偶联剂adenosine triphosphate 腺嘌吟三核苷酸free energy 自由能flavoprotein 黄素蛋白energy rich phosphate bond 高能磷酸键
