1、從老人用藥門診及長照處方看潛存的用藥問題,吳如琇 藥師,Drug-Related Problems,A Drug-related problem is an event or circumstance involving drug therapy that actually or potentially interferes with desired health outcomes. PCNE Classification scheme for Drug-Related Problems V5.01, 2006PCNE: Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe F
2、oundation,Drug-Related Problems,Suboptimal PrescribingOveruse or polypharmacyInappropriate useUnderusePrescribing or dispensing errorsDrug use processInappropriate administration Lack of monitoringAdverse drug events,A case of polypharmacy,75 y/o, maleHomebound, bedridden重度失能On NG, on foleyCVA, HTNB
3、ladder Ca, metastatic,每天服用11種藥(不只一位醫師的處方)8種用法,用藥時間複雜用藥總次數:20次/日用藥總量:20顆藥/日健保給付:508元/日On NG,有時由鄰居協助灌食,不可磨粉的藥品,藥品磨粉後Nexium:esomeprazole Mg在酸性pH迅速降解持續性藥效劑型: 不良反應,作用持續時間 資料來源:台大醫院處方集、健保用藥品項查詢、衛生署許可證,用藥注意事項,Bonefos (clodronate sodium)Oral absorption by food, esp. those containing Ca2+ or other polyvalent
4、 cationMaintain adequate hydration throughout treatmentAdjust dose according to renal functionMonitorserum and urinary calcium, serum phosphate, and SCr,藥品交互作用或不適當用藥,Sertraline + tramadol risk of seizures & serotonin syndrome (HTN, hyperthermia, myoclonus, mental status changes) 高血壓病人長期服用etodolacNa+
5、 and water retention,同藥理作用,2 -blockersHytrin (terazosin)For HTN and BPHHarnalidge (tamsulosin)For BPH必要性?該個案為bladder Ca, on foley,常見處方問題,用藥品項繁多處方來自不同醫師或醫療院所用以判斷劑量或禁忌的資訊不足使用鼻胃管或藥品需磨粉,卻開立、使用不可磨粉的藥品Dulcolax tab (bisacodyl)劑量過高或不足用藥期間過長以藥品治療藥品不良反應,常見處方問題,長期服用症狀治療的藥品Antihistamine止咳、化痰藥品消化系統用藥止痛藥頭暈的藥Diphe
6、nidol, Sibelium (flunarizine)促進循環的藥Euclidan (nicametate), Trental (pentoxifylline),常見處方問題,併用同藥理作用之藥品Benzodiazepine-blocker數種CNS depressantsBenzodiazepine, hypnotic, antihistamine, TCA,常見處方問題,藥品交互作用Fibrate + statin藥品禁忌或特別注意事項BPH的病人用anticholinergic或有anticholinergic side effects的藥品Imipramine, 1st gener
7、ation antihistamine高血壓病人長期服用NSAIDs,處方評估之後,對處方問題提出建議原開方醫師的接受度病人或家屬的接受度機構的接受度何時更改處方當處方來自不同醫師該對哪位醫師提出建議,與用藥相關的問題,不了解用藥時間、方法或注意事項Hypoglycemic agent, diuretics, adsorbentInhaler 藥品儲存的問題地點、空間、溫度發生不良反應不知尋求醫療協助Aspirin or NSAID related bleeding disorder保健食品,如何讓藥品發揮最大的效用,合理的處方與藥品配送體系避免不必要的用藥當用則用跨科、跨醫療院所的問題可靠的用藥指導於正確的時間使用正確的藥指導者的知識、能力完整的藥歷包括處方、非處方藥品,保健食品,