1、 直接引语变间接引语（宾语从句）1直接引语和间接引语的定义。直接引语：直接引用别人的话叫直接引语，间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。直接引语前后加引号；间接引语不必加引号。He said, “ Im a student.” （直接引语 ） He said that he was a student. （间接引语）主句 从句 主句 从句2当直接引语为特殊疑问句变间接引语形成宾语从句时，首先要注意用特殊疑问词，其后用陈述语序的句子，同时注意人称、时态、时间状语，连接词，语序的变化.（一）人称的变化规则：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。一随主引号内的第一人 称变间引后与主句主语的人称保 持
2、一致He says,” I like math very much . He says that he likes math very much .二随宾引号内的第二人称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保 持一致He said to Lily, “ you must get up early” He told Lily that she must get up early三不用变引号内的第三人 称在变间引后去人 称不变She said to me , “ They want to help him” She told me that they wanted help him（二） 时态变化宾语从句时态
3、变化规则：主现从不限；主过从四过（即 4 种过去的时态：一般过去时；过去进行时；过去将来时；过去完成时） ； 客观真理，只用一般现在时。1.主句一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。 2.主句过去时，从句用相应的过去时态。即一般现在时改成 一般过去时；现在进行时改成 过去进行时； 一般将来时改成过去将来时；一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时改成过去完成时。3.主句过去时，从句是客观真理时，只用一般现在时。 Teacher told us:“ The moon moves round the earth.“Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth.主句
4、的时态 从句的时态 例句一般现在时He says所需的任何时态 He says,” he likes math very much . He says that he likes math very much 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 He said, “ he is a student.” He said that he was a student现在进行时 过去进行时 He said,“he is reading.”He said that he was reading一般将来时 过去将来时 He said,“he will go home”He said that he
5、 would go home一般过去时 过去完成时 He said， “he went home”He said that he had gone home现在完成时 过去完成时 He said， “he has gone home”He said that he had gone home一般过去时He said过去完成时 过去完成时 He said， “he had gone home”He said that he had gone home(三)时间状语变化直接引语 间接引语指示代词 thisthesethatthose时间状语nowtodaytonightthis weekyeste
6、rdaylast weekthree days agotomorrownext weekthenthat daythat nightthat weekthe day beforethe week beforethree days beforethe next day/ the following daythe next week/ the following week地点状语 here there动词 comebringgotake(四)连接词 1从句为陈述句，常选择连接词 that 或将 that 省略，直接与主句相连。 2从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词 if 或 whether。 3从句为
7、特殊疑问句，常选择 what,when,where,which,who,how 等的疑问代、副词作连接词。 注意：当 who 为主语时，句式为： who+谓语+其他直接引语 连接词 例句 注意事项陈述句that（常省略）He said to me, “ you can help her.” He said to me (that) I could help her.1. 连接词：that2.引述动词 said, said to sbtold sb,等一般疑问句 if / whether.“是否”He asked her, “ Do you love me?” He asked her whet
8、her she loved him.1.改为“陈述语序” 。2.引述动词 asked3.去掉 Do, Does, Did改变 Are, Is, Will, Can 位置特殊疑问句特殊疑问词：what, who,why,how, which,whenHe asked his wife, “How are you?” He asked his wife how she was.He asked me, “ What color do you like?” He asked me what color I liked.1.改为“陈述语序”2.去掉 Do, Does, Did改变 Are, Is, W
9、ill, Can 位置肯定ask (tell) sb. to do sthHe shouted, “ Lily, Close the door.” He told Lily to close the door.祈使句 否定ask (tell) sb. not to do sth. He said to me, “Dont be late.” He asked me not to be late .1. 不用连接词2. 不改变时态。3. 无须考虑语序注意：1. 语序不变的有：What the matter with you? Whats wrong with you? 但 Whats the t
10、rouble with you?的语序要变1）从句中有 or / or not 。例：she asks whether he stayed 。2.只用 whether 2）与不定式 to do 连用。例：I cant decide whether to tell him the news 3) 在介词后。例： they are talking about whether they can afford the new house 用法是有区别的，但当 if/whether 同时出现在选项中的时候，我们要选 whether3.宾语从句语序：陈语述序，即：连接词+主语+谓语+其它。或 连接词（此时
11、连接词充当主语）+谓语+其它。 陈述语序中： be 动词、助动词、情态动词不能提到主语前。例：1）can you tell me where is the hospital (错）can you tell me where the hospital is.(对）2）I dont know whether does he speak Chinese (错）I dont know whether he speaks Chinese (对）3）I am not sure what can he do (错）I am not sure what he can do (对）中考考点：时态、语序、连接词练
12、习题一、填空，每空一词：1.“I am having supper,” he said. He said that _ _ having supper.2.“Ive seen the film,” Gina said to me. Gina _ me that she _ _ the film. 3. “I went home with my sister,” she said. She said that _ _ _ home with her sister.4.The teacher said, “The sun is bigger than the moon.”The teacher s
13、aid that the sun _ bigger than the moon.5.“I met her yesterday,” he said to me.He told me that he _ met her the day _.6. “You must come here before five,” he said.He said that I _ to go _ before five.7.“I bought the computer two weeks ago,” she said.She said that she _ bought the computer two weeks
14、_.8. “Did you read the book last week?” he said.He _ _ I had read the book the week _.9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He _ Jim that he _ sit there10.He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother _ _ _ found it.11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _ _ _ been _
15、days. 12“Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked _ _ knew where she _.13. “Keep quiet, children.” he said. He _ the children _ _ quiet.14. “Dont look out of the window,” she said.She told me _ _ _ out of the window. 15. “Are you interested in this?” he said.He _ _ I was interested in _.二、选择：
16、1. Our teacher asked us _ our dictionaries to school.A. bring B. brought C. bring D. to bring2. The teacher told the boy students _ football on the grass.A. not play B. not to play C. played D. playing3. _ Tom didnt go to school?A. Do you know how B. Why do you know C. How you know why D. Do you kno
17、w why4. She looks sad. Could you please tell me _ that prevents her from being as happy as before?A. what it is B. it is what C. how it is D. it is how5. Betty asked her sister _ to the railway station to see her off.A. not to come B. not to go C. to not come D. to not go6. The pupil asked his teach
18、er _ round the earth.A. weather the moon goes B. that the moon went C. whether the moon goes D. whether the moon went7. Mr. Li _ Wang Ling _ a taxi to the airport.A. asked; take B. asked; taking C. told; take D. told; to take8. She asked him _.A. whose dictionary this is B. whose dictionary that was
19、C. whose dictionary is this D. whose dictionary that is9. Marys mother asked her _.A. that whether she had finished her homework B. if she has finished her homeworkC. if she had finished her homework D. that if she had finished her homework10. Do you know _?A. what is he doing B. what he doing C. wh
20、at he is doing D. what does he do now11. I dont know _ to learn English.A. when did he begin B. when he began C. he when began D. when he begins12. He asked me _.A. how would the weather be like tomorrow B. what the weather would be like the next dayC. how the weather would be like tomorrow D. what
21、would the weather be like the next day13. You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Spring Festival presents.A. how excited they were B. how excited were theyC. how they were excited D. they were how excited14. She told me that she _ by her relatives at the bus stop.A. had been seen off B. ha
22、ve seen off C. have been seen off D. had seen off15. Do you remember how many times _ to Australia?A. had you been B. did you go C. have you been D. you have been16. Can you guess _? A. what is that man B. who that man is C. whom that man is D. who is that man17. More and more students and teachers
23、have began to know _.A. how important the foreign language are B. how the foreign language is importantC. how important the foreign language is D. how important is the foreign language18. The hostess said that it _ time that they _ supper.A. was; had B. was; had had C. is; have D. is; have had19. Th
24、e boss asked his secretary _ he had finished typing the report _.A. if; or not B. if; not C. whether; or not D. whether; not20. I wonder how much _.A. does he spend on his car B. did he spend on his car C. he spent on his car D. he spent in his car答案一、填空1. he, was。在直接引语变为间接引语时，代词 I 要变为 he；主句为过去时态，宾语
25、从句通常要将时态往后推一个，即现在进行时 am having 变为过去进行时 was having。2. told, had, seen。直接引语中的 said to sb 在变为间接引语时应改为 told sb；现在完成时 have seen 改为过去完成时 had seen。3. she, had, gone。直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词 I 应变为 she；一般过去时 went 改为过去完成时 had gone。4. is。直接引语变为间接引语时 ，若直接引语为客观真理，则变为间接引语时时态不变。5. had, before。直接引语是一般过去时 met，变为间接引语时应改为过去完成
26、时 had met；时间状语yesterday 应改为 the day before6. had, there。如直接引语中的 谓语动词含有情态动词 must，变为间接引语时用 had to；地点状语 here 相应地改为 there。7. had, before。直接引语是一般过去时 bought，变为间接引语时应改为过去完成时 had bought；时间状语two weeks ago 应改为 two weeks before。8. asked, if (whether), before。 当直接引语是一般疑问句， 变为间接引语时 said 应改为 asked，然后加上连接词 if 或 wh
27、ether；时间状语 last week 改为 the week before。9. told, could。根据句意第一空应用动词 told；直接引 语中含有情态动词 can，变为间接引语时应改为could。10. how, she, had。如果直接引 语是特殊疑问句，变为间 接引语时仍用 how 引导，疑问句语序改为陈述句语序，一般过去时改为过去将来时。11. where, I, had, those。直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时仍用 where 引导，疑问句语序改为陈述句语序，现在完成时改为过去完成时，指示代词 these 相应地变为 those。12. if (whether
28、), I, lived。直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时应用 if 或 whether 引导，人称 you 和动词时态 lives 也相应地变为 I 和 lived13. told, to, keep。如直接引语为 肯定的祈使句时，在变为间 接引语时，可使用 ask tell, order sb to do sth 这一结构进行转换。14. not, to, look。如直接引语为否定的祈使句时，在变为间接引语时，可使用 ask tell, order sb not to do sth这一结构进行转换。15. asked, if (whether), that。根据所给的句子，直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，主句谓语动词应用 asked；再用 if 或 whether 引导宾语从句，批示代词 this 相应地变为 that。二、选择答案15DBDAB; 610CDBCC；1115BBAAD ；1620BCACC
