1、 Once a pathogen produces infection, antimicrobial treatment may be essential. However, antimicrobial use promotes selection of antimicrobial-resistant strains of pathogens.As the prevalence of resistant strains increases in a population, subsequent infections are increasingly likely to be caused by
2、 these resistant strains.Fortunately, this cycle of emerging antimicrobial resistance / multi-drug resistance can be interrupted.Preventing infections in the first place will certainly reduce the need for antimicrobial exposure and the emergence and selection of resistant strains.Effective diagnosis
3、 and treatment will benefit the patient and decrease the opportunity for development and selection of resistant microbes; this requires rapid accurate diagnosis, identification of the causative pathogen, and determination of its antimicrobial susceptibility. Optimizing antimicrobial use is another k
4、ey strategy; optimal use will ensure proper patient care and at the same time avoid overuse of broad-spectrum antimicrobials and unnecessary treatment. Finally, preventing transmission of resistant organisms from one person to another is critical to successful prevention efforts. The “12 Steps to Pr
5、event Antimicrobial Resistance: Hospitalized Adults” intervention program is the first “12 Steps” to be launched because hospital patients are at especially high risk for serious antimicrobial-resistant infections.Each year nearly 2 million patients in the United States get an infection in a hospita
6、l.Of those patients, about 90,000 die as a result of their infection. More than 70% of the bacteria that cause hospital-acquired infections are resistant to at least one of the drugs most commonly used to treat them.Persons infected with antimicrobial-resistant organisms are more likely to have longer hospital stays and require treatment with second-or third-choice drugs that may be less effective, more toxic, and/or more expensive.我们又用PFGE的方法对这些细菌做了同源性分析。PFGE因为在后面会讲到，这里我们暂时不讲，大家只要知道它是一种同源性分析的方法。T7、T8的条带基本相同，通常我们认为他们来源相同或相似。而T10和T11的条带有明显差异，所以但从肉眼，就能判断他们没有相关性，来源不同。
