1、子宫肌瘤的动脉栓塞治疗(uterine artery embolization, UAE),2019/7/12,2,子宫肌瘤,子宫平滑肌瘤(uterine leiomyoma )简称子宫肌瘤( uterine myoma),由平滑肌细胞和不同数量的纤维结缔组织构成。生育年龄女性最常见的良性肿瘤,多见于3050岁,4150岁为高峰,占54.9,20岁组和60岁以上组少见。资料统计,30岁以上女性发病率高达2030,约占女性良性肿瘤的51.78。1030有症状。常见症状是月经过频、过多、经期延长,贫血发生率增加,体质下降。 粘膜下肌瘤出血几率达100,肌壁间和浆膜下肌瘤出血率为76和36。,201
2、9/7/12,3,UTERINE FIBROID,Benign tumor of uterine smooth muscleFibroids are not thought to be pre-cancerousAlso known as myomas(肌瘤) or leiomyomas(平滑肌瘤)Types: submucosal, intramural, and subserosal,2019/7/12,4,LOCATION OF UTERINE FIBROIDS,2019/7/12,5,2019/7/12,6,SYMPTOMS OF UTERINE FIBROIDS,Menorrhagi
3、a(Heavier and longer menstrual bleeding), sometimes with passage of blood clots. Anemia can occur if bleeding is severePain, pressure, or feeling of fullness in the abdomen, pelvis or lower backFrequent urination or constipation(便秘)Pain and bleeding during or after intercourseInfertility or miscarri
4、age,2019/7/12,7,TREATMENT,surgerymicropuncture UAE HIFU RFmedicationChinese tradition medicine,2019/7/12,8,HYSTERECTOMY,Surgical removal of uterus and fibroids, performed through abdominal incision or occasionally vaginally, sometimes with a laparoscopeAdvantages: 100% Curative, No risk of future ca
5、ncer, Well established procedureDisadvantages: major surgery with potential surgical complications: ureteral injury, infection, adhesions (scarring), loss of child bearing potential: emotional ? sexual ?,2019/7/12,9,MYOMECTOMY,Individual fibroids are resected through an abdominal incision or sometim
6、es with a laparoscope or hysteroscopeAdvantages: Fertility can be preserved , well established procedure, less invasive if laparoscopic or hysteroscopic,2019/7/12,10,MYOMECTOMY DISADVANTAGES,Potential surgical complications as with hysterectomyOnly part of uterus is treated and recurrence can occur1
7、5 to 25 % need repeat procedure usually hysterectomyNot all fibroids amenable to myomectomyAdhesions can lead to infertility,2019/7/12,11,术式选择,目的:除去肌瘤、消除症状要求:最佳术式、最佳效果 术式宜简单、创伤小,术后恢复快,不易产生并发症或后遗症,不影响远期生活质量。,2019/7/12,12,术 式 优 缺 点 比 较,2019/7/12,13,“individual project”,symptom Agedemand of bearingsize
8、 positioncondition,2019/7/12,14,UAE,1991年,法国妇科专家Jacques Ravina 用子宫动脉术前栓塞来减少术中出血,偶然发现子宫肌瘤的病人已不需手术了。1994年Ravina首次报道将UAE应用于子宫肌瘤的治疗,2019/7/12,15,UAE 机 理,1. 栓塞子宫动脉可阻断肌瘤的供血血管,达到肌瘤去血管化。正常子宫肌层有完善的交通血管网(双侧子宫动脉、卵巢动脉、阴部内动脉等),不会坏死;子宫肌瘤的血供主要依靠双侧子宫动脉,新生的肿瘤血管为肌瘤提供终端营养,其为一独立的新生血管网,无储备的交通血管;,2019/7/12,16,2.肌瘤细胞分裂程度相
9、对活跃,对缺血缺氧耐受力较差,致肌瘤平滑肌细胞变性坏死,肌瘤细胞总数明显减少,致瘤体萎缩;3.肌瘤细胞坏死致其自分泌(雌激素)现象消失,对子宫平滑肌的刺激消失,避免复发。,UAE机理,2019/7/12,17,子宫的血供,2019/7/12,18,2019/7/12,19,子宫动脉分支升支降支:子宫颈、阴道上部,弓状动脉宫底支输卵管支卵巢支,2019/7/12,20,2019/7/12,21,DSA,2019/7/12,22,2019/7/12,23,旋转 DSA,2019/7/12,24,子宫肌瘤的血供,大部分由双侧子宫动脉同时供血少数由单侧子宫动脉供血,肌瘤完全由右侧子宫动脉供血,2019
10、/7/12,25,双侧供血,2019/7/12,26,动脉末期,实质期,2019/7/12,27,子宫肌瘤为良性肿瘤,不会恶变(肉瘤变0.10.6),且在更年期后子宫肌瘤将自行萎缩因此,只要症状改善,治疗目的就达到了,与恶性肿瘤非要彻底切除的治疗原则有本质的不同。,2019/7/12,28,UAE 适应证,与手术治疗的适应证基本相同:1. 育龄期女性,绝经期前;2. 肌瘤诊断明确且因之引起的经血过多及压迫症状明显;3. 保守治疗(药物治疗及肌瘤切除术)无效或复发者;4. 拒绝手术要求保留子宫及生育功能者;5. 有特殊宗教信仰不能输血及手术者;6. 经本人同意选择行栓塞治疗者;7. 无症状性子宫
11、肌瘤,肌瘤直径4cm;8. 无症状性肌瘤,直径4cm,病人心理负担重,要求治疗者;9. 体弱或合并严重内科疾病不能耐受手术者;10.巨大子宫肌瘤子宫切除前的栓塞治疗,利于减少术中出血。,2019/7/12,29,UAE 相对禁忌证,1. 穿刺部位感染;2. 妊娠或可疑妊娠者;3. 盆腔炎或阴道炎未治愈者;4. 心、肝、肾等重要器官功能障碍;5. 急性炎症期或体温在37.5C以上;6. 严重动脉硬化及高龄患者。,2019/7/12,30,UAE 禁忌证,1.妊娠;2.怀疑子宫平滑肌肉瘤;3.与附件肿块无法鉴别;4.子宫肌瘤生长迅速怀疑肉瘤变;5.带细蒂的浆膜下子宫肌瘤、阔韧带肌瘤及游离的子宫肌瘤
12、;6.子宫动静脉瘘;7.多种对比剂过敏史;8.严重凝血机制异常。,2019/7/12,31,术前准备,常规术前检查和准备 妇科检查、血常规凝血分析、肝肾功能、心电图、胸透、碘过敏试验、抗感染、备皮等,特殊术前检查和准备 超声检查黑白超声:彩色超声2. 诊断性刮宫 排除子宫内膜癌及子宫肉瘤;了解肌瘤与宫腔的关系3. MRI 4. 穿刺活检5. 宫腔镜,2019/7/12,32,栓 塞 材 料,聚乙烯醇(polyvinyl alcohol, PVA )颗粒,直径500700um(Ivalon)真丝线段明胶海绵碘化油平阳霉素,2019/7/12,33,2019/7/12,34,操 作 步 骤,股动脉
13、穿刺超选择性插管至子宫动脉注入栓塞剂,2019/7/12,35,UAE 技术难点,超选择性动脉插管技术微导管和微导丝的应用,2019/7/12,36,2019/7/12,37,2019/7/12,38,PRE and POST UAE,2019/7/12,39,2019/7/12,40,2019/7/12,41,2019/7/12,42,2019/7/12,43,2019/7/12,44,2019/7/12,45,治疗前,治疗后三月,2019/7/12,46,2019/7/12,47,2019/7/12,48,3 M,2019/7/12,49,2019/7/12,50,F,24,2019/7/
14、12,51,6M,16M,2019/7/12,52,Outcome of UAE,症状改善肌瘤缩小无需手术,2019/7/12,53,病人耐受性,利多卡因局麻,病人一直清醒,插管过程病人无疼痛或其它不适。不补液、不输血、不开刀、不疼痛、不拆线。,2019/7/12,54,疗 效,栓塞成功率99%以上有效率8098%6月后肿瘤缩小50%以上,2019/7/12,55,正常子宫会不会坏死,正常子宫组织的供血来自于子宫动脉及其它盆腔小动脉,侧枝循环丰富,极少发生坏死。,2019/7/12,56,能不能再怀孕,能!但不是100%保证能再怀孕,与栓塞材料和栓塞剂用量有关。,2019/7/12,57,并 发 症,无死亡病例报道小于0.6%病例仍需手术误栓、股动脉损伤等发生率0.1%以下,2019/7/12,58,并 发 症,严重并发症罕见,发生率2栓塞后综合征:疼痛、发热、恶心、呕吐粘膜下或带蒂肌瘤坏死脱落导致剧烈腹痛及子宫出血卵巢功能衰竭致闭经,2019/7/12,59,Rosiness of TAE,子宫肌瘤产后大出血宫外孕恶性肿瘤动脉化疗术前栓塞减少出血,