1、高血压诊断和治疗从JNC-7和2003 ESC/EHC 指南到临床实践,李勇华山医院心脏科,复旦大学,上海 200040,血压的测量,诊所血压:标准测量方式。方便,常用24小时动态血压:使用国际标准的装置考虑:诊所血压变化大;与自测血压相差明显;低危者;疑有治疗抵抗;研究需要优点:与靶器官损害相关性更好;心血管危险预测强度更高;记录对治疗反应更准确自测血压:使用经认可的仪器优点:提供更多血压信息;改善治疗依从性;无白大衣效应;重复性好缺点:可能使患者焦虑;患者自行调整治疗,和ESH /ESC 指南,血压测量技术,JNC 7,血压分类JNC 7,血压分类ESC/ESH,非同日反复血压测量,血压分
2、类中国 2004,非同日反复血压测量,不同血压测量方式的高血压诊断标准,对所有的人规定一个固定的数值为“高血压”并非最佳概念。应在评估每个患者其总体心血管危险的基础上,灵活地确定该患者的血压水平处于正常或高血压,JNC 7 和ESH /ESC 指南,不同血压参数预测心血管死亡的价值Prospective Studies Collaboration,meta-analysis,61个前瞻性临床试验,958074例受试者,40-89岁,随访127万病人年,血管性死亡56000例(脑卒中12000,冠心病34000,其它10000),其它死亡66000例。,Prospective Studies C
3、ollaboration。Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies。Lancet 2002; 360: 190313,临床实践,临床实践,年龄,血压与脑卒中死亡,年龄,血压与冠心病死亡,Prospective Studies Collaboration。Age-specific relevance of usual blood pr
4、essure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies。Lancet 2002; 360: 190313,Risk of hypertension (%),Residual lifetime risk of developing hypertension among people with blood pressure 50岁的患者,收缩压作为心血管危险因素比舒张压更加重要 血压从 115/75 mmHg开始, 每升高20/
5、10 mmHg,心血管危险翻一 番 55岁的正常血压者在此后25年内90%发展成高血压,临床实践,Prospective Studies Collaboration。Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies。Lancet 2002; 360: 190313,Vasan RS, Beiser A, Seshadri S, et al.
6、 Residual lifetime risk for developing hypertension in women and men: The Framingham Heart Study. JAMA. 287:1003-1010,Risk Factors for Hypertension,Dyslipidemia,Race,Genetic,Diabetes,Lack of exercise,Alcohol,Stress (?),obese,Dr. Sica,24,ACE,The Renin-Angiotensin System Pathway,Incidence (%),Plasma Renin Activity,Brunner HR et al. N Engl J Med. 1972;286:441-449.,Incidence of CV Complications As a Function of Plasma Renin Activity in Hypertension,