1、2018/9/28,1,中医学术论文写作,兰凤利 上海中医药大学,2018/9/28,2,中医学术论文英文写作,1 写作目的2 论文结构3 写作要求4 写作方法,2018/9/28,3,1. 写作目的,发表在国际知名学术期刊，如SCI收录期刊。与中医药有关的SCI期刊（按2005年收录分析）（IF/2004年）：(1) Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine （1.401）(2) Complementary Therapies in Medicine (1.317) (3) Alternative Therapies in Healt
2、h and Medicine (0.971 )(4) American Journal of Chinese Medicine (0.593 )(5) Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research （0.341）,2018/9/28,4,2 论文结构 (structure/format),2.1 扉页 (title page)2.2 正文 (main body)2.3 附录 (appendix),2018/9/28,5,2.1 Title Page 扉页 (TAA),TitleAuthors full name and professional add
3、ressAbstract or Summary Objective, Method, Results, ConclusionKey words(Supported/funded/granted/sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation (标书号、合同号等）/A project funded by the National “863” Program),2018/9/28,6,2.2 Main Body 正文(IMRaD),IntroductionMaterials and methodsResults (and)Discussio
4、n(Conclusion),2018/9/28,7,2.3 Appendix 附录,Acknowledgement References,2018/9/28,8,3 写作要求 (Requirements),The Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals (URMSBJ, 5th Ed., 1997) formulated by The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE):,2018/9/28,9,3.1 Intro
5、duction 引言,The purpose of an introduction is to bring the reader into the general area of your study and then state the specific area of study (move from the general to the specific). The introduction shows the scope of your investigation efforts.,2018/9/28,10,Introduction200 words,背景Statement of ge
6、neral area or history of problem意义Statement of importance or need进展Statement of previous findings, reports or studies (citations)目的Statement of purpose of current study范围Statement of specific area of problem to be studied,2018/9/28,11,3.2 Materials and Methods 材料与方法,Readers must be able to reproduce
7、 your results, evaluate the validity of your results and the soundness of your methods, and follow the logic in the paper.,2018/9/28,12,Materials and Methods,简要说明研究设计（Study design）详细说明研究对象：Patients, Subjects, healthy volunteers, animals (sex, age, species, breed, physiological state, etc.)随机分组方法和选择标
8、准（Methods of any random assignment of subjects to groups and criteria for admission to study groups）药物（Drug）,激素（hormone）,试剂（reagent）, 其它化学品（other chemicals）, 商标（trademark）,生产厂家（manufacturer）及所在地（location）简要说明测定方法（Method of measurement）简要说明统计分析方法（Method of statistical analysis）,2018/9/28,13,Materials
9、 and Methods,Approval from “Institutional Review Board” (“informed consent” from patients and explanation on “Animal Welfare Act”) Randomized Controlled Trial, RCT: JAMA 1996; 276: 637-639 或 www. consort-statement. org/statement. HtmPast tense,2018/9/28,14,3.3 Results 结果,This section tells the reade
10、r what happened in your work. Remember: let your results speak for themselves and dont embellish (leave that for Discussion section),2018/9/28,15,Results,Overview of the resultsStatistical significanceStatistical support, such as figures, tables, pictures, etc.,2018/9/28,16,Results,In chronological
11、orderIntegrated, clear, pithy, correlated, and logicalPast tense(present tense: truth or well-known fact, e.g. Erectile dysfunction is common in men with diabetes.)Significant/significance:,2018/9/28,17,Points for attention: Such expressions as “The results tended to be greater than”, “showed no pro
12、mising trends”, “It could/might be inhibited by” should be avoided.,2018/9/28,18,3.4 Discussion 讨论,The author should tell the reader what the results mean by placing them in the context of previous published studies of the problem.,2018/9/28,19,Discussion,简要说明研究背景 (Background)简要介绍总的发现 (General findi
13、ngs)介绍具体要点 (Introduction of points)与先有发现 (若有) 进行比较 (Comparison in the context of other studies)意义(Suggested meaning)结论 (Conclusion): We conclude that前瞻研究 (Future studies),2018/9/28,20,Discussion,Tense分清实验过程和结果（past tense）与分析意见（present tense）；他人研究结果（past tense或present perfect）与本研究结果（past tense）；普遍适用的
14、结论（present tense）与只适用本研究的结论（past tense）；,2018/9/28,21,Discussion,The Use of Parenthesis: however, we believe/think/consider, to our knowledge, in our experience (practice)避免含糊的倾向：These results seem to suggest that oral sildenafil could be useful in some selected populations and certain conditions.,2
15、018/9/28,22,3.5 Acknowledgement 致谢,Always get the persons approval of your intention to mention him in the acknowledgement and of the form in which you will present the acknowledgement.,2018/9/28,23,Acknowledgement,This study was supported by Medical Research Funds from State Administration of Tradi
16、tional Chinese Medicine.Dr. Wang was supported by a National Research Council Associate-ship. We thank Li Yunlong for his assistance with technical aspects of this study.We are grateful to Mei Mei for assistance in preparing the manuscript.,2018/9/28,24,3.6 References 参考文献,Reference styles should be
17、 specific to each journal. References: Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals www.acponline.org/journals/resource/unifrqr.htmE.g.,2018/9/28,25,Vega KJ, Pina I, Krevesky B. Heart transplantation is associated with an increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease. Ann Inte
18、rn Med 1996 Jun 1; 124 (11): 980-3. (标准杂志文章)Ringsven MK, Bond D. Gerontology and leadership skills for nurse. 2nd ed. Albany (NY): Delmar publisher; 1996. (作者为个人的书或专著) Norman IJ, Redfern SJ, editors. Mental health care for elderly people. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1996. (有主编的书或专著),2018/9/28,2
19、6,References 参考文献,在排印中（In Press/Forthcoming）, e.g.Leshner Al. Molecular mechanisms of cocaine addiction. N Engl J Med. In Press 1996.个人交流（personal communication），尽量避免使用（ICMJE），如确需使用，可采用以下形式：In a letter received from Robert J Glynn, MD. in January 2005, he stated that In a conversation in March 2006,
20、 Denis A Evans, MD reported that Our findings in this aspect of the study agree with those of Paul A Scherr, PhD (written communication, September 2005),2018/9/28,27,3.7 others 其它,插图说明：Type or print out legends for illustrations using double spacing, starting on a separate page.插图：Design your figure
21、s for the appropriate reduction.表格：A table should be totally self-contained unit of information.,2018/9/28,28,4 英文写作,4.1 论文写作ABC4.2 论文标题的撰写4.3 论文摘要的翻译与写作,2018/9/28,29,4.1 写作ABC,4.1.1 Passive or active?Patients were instructed on the use of oral sildenafil. Blood levels were monitored every four hour
22、s.We instructed each patient on use of oral sildenafil and showed patients how to record blood glucose values every four hours.,2018/9/28,30,4.1.2 We or I? (single author)“Resolve to take the great leap and say I. Everybody should by now recognize that a mask is more conspicuous than a face.” Wilson
23、 Follett, Modern American UsageThe author (I)This study, this report, this research, this thesis (I),2018/9/28,31,4.1.3 写作ABCPrewriting: to select a journal, and read “Instructions to Authors”;Simple outlining on the basis of your research materials;From Interior to Exterior: writing “materials and
24、methods”, “results”, and “discussion” first, then writing “introduction”, “abstract” and “title”.,2018/9/28,32,4.2 论文标题的撰写,Titles are to be written to be understood by those in your field, telling them exactly what you have done in your work.,2018/9/28,33,4.2.1 文题的一般要求,Titles should be short, clear,
25、 and amenable to indexing. (JAMA)1) short and concise: Write in one line (not a sentence), not containing an active verb, not exceeding 25 words or 120-140 letters and spaces, no abbreviations or chemical symbols except those that are generally accepted, e.g. DNA, RNA, AIDS, CT; (Cv could be explain
26、ed as cardiovascular or costovertebral, etc.),2018/9/28,34,2) Informative: State exactly what you want the reader to know about your paper and your work;3) Indexing: Pack as many key words or indexing terms as possible into the title without overloading it, key words not in the title will be in the
27、abstract or can go in the “Key Words” section of the paper, key words are usually in the beginning or ending of the title.,2018/9/28,35,4.2.2 简洁 副标题的使用,副标题的作用A. 突出病例数Gallstone Ileus: A Review of 40 CasesB. 突出重点内容Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome: Disease Characteristics and Oral ManifestationsBala
28、ncing: Treatment of Gynecological Diseases,2018/9/28,36,C. 突出研究方法Urine Cannabinoid Analysis: An Integrated Multimethod ApproachD. 突出同位关系Academic Dismissals: Due Process,2018/9/28,37,E. 解释性用词Pancreatitis in Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): A case report and review of the literatureExamples of Pair
29、ed Medicinals: Experiences in Compatibility Developed by Different Schools,2018/9/28,38,F. 提问或选择Is chronic abdominal pain a surgical symptom or a psychiatric symptom?Chronic abdominal pain: a surgical or psychiatric symptom?,2018/9/28,39,4.2.3 介词的使用,research on management forobservation onexperience
30、 inintroduction tocontrast betweensurgery for,2018/9/28,40,4.2.4 格式,1) 词组式Some Aspects of Renal TumorsEffects of Glucose on Neuroblastoma in Vitro and in VivoPattern Identification and Treatment of DysmenorrheaExperiences in Treating Infantile High FeverTreatment of Globus Hystericus (Plum-Pit Qi) w
31、ith Integrative Medicine,2018/9/28,41,2) 主谓式Lets Do Away with SmallpoxDietary Cholesterol As Carcinogenic for Human Colon Cancer,2018/9/28,42,(3) 疑问式Can Prostatectomy Be Improved?Must We Specialize Herniorrhaphy for Better Results?Does Danggui Sini Decoction Contain Fresh Ginger?What Are the Indicat
32、ions of Scutellaria Decoction?,2018/9/28,43,4.3 论文摘要的翻译与写作,4.3.1 论文摘要的作用4.3.2 论文摘要的分类4.3.3 论文摘要中时态的应用,2018/9/28,44,4.3.1 论文摘要的作用,“The function of the abstract of a scientific paper is to provide an overview of the paper so that the readers know the main story and a few essential details of your work
33、 without reading the whole text of the paper. The abstract should make sense both when read alone and when read with the paper.”-URMSBJ,2018/9/28,45,4.3.2 论文摘要的分类,2018/9/28,46,Indicative Abstract（通报性或指示性摘要）：只通报主题，不介绍研究的材料、方法和结果，一般用现在时表达，如：Free transfer of two undamaged fingers from a non-replantable
34、 left arm to a mutilated right hand in a 16-year-old boy is reported. 本文报道将一无法再植的左臂上的两个未受损伤的手指移植给一16岁男孩被切断的右手。Informative Abstract （资料性摘要）：告诉读者研究的总体情况，使他们了解研究的目的、材料、方法、结果、结论以及存在的问题。,2018/9/28,47,论文摘要的分类,2018/9/28,48,4.3.3 论文摘要中时态的应用,1) Objective/Purpose/AimBackground: present tense or present perfectObjective: present tense or present perfect or past tense2) Materials, methods and results: past tense3) Conclusion: past tense, or present tense,2018/9/28,49,Thank you for your attention!,兰凤利,
