1、高三有效教学案例：高考英语阅读理解技巧点拨推理判断题1高考英语阅读理解技巧点拨推理判断题授课班级高三（11）班 学科 英语 授课时间2011 年 2 月 17日课型 阅读理解技巧训练课 学时 1教学内容高考英语阅读理解技巧点拨推理判断题 听课教师增城市教研员及高三英语教师学习内容分析高考推理判断题要求考生在阅读过程中沟通外现的和内涵的、已述的和未述的含义，以文章所提供的事实为依据，经过分析、思考形成相关的观点；要求考生在整篇理解文章的基础上去领悟作者的言外之意，并对作者的态度、观点、写作目的及意图、文章的寓意等做出正确的推理判断。引申要求考生在理解文章主题思想、作者的态度倾向、观点意图、情节发
2、展等的前提下，做出合乎逻辑的引申。这类题要求考生由“已知的”去推断“未知的” ，属于一种深层次的理解。本课将从推断隐含意义,推断作者的观点态度，推断写作目的，推断文章的出处等方面，向学生解密如何解答阅读理解的推理判断题。选取的材料来源于全国各地的高考题或调研测试，有一定的代表性。由于本校是生源比较薄弱的学校，学生基础比较薄弱，所以选取的高考题偏易。学习者分析本校是生源比较薄弱的学校，本人教授的高三（11）班是荔城中学的文科班，差生较多。经过两年半的高中英语学习，他们虽已掌握了一定的词汇和语法，具备了一定的英语综合能力，但由于他们本身英语底子比较薄弱，词汇积累不扎实，并且在学习英语的过程中，缺乏
3、主动性和积极性，所以总体来说，他们的英语阅读能力和推理判断能力并不高。在解答阅读理解时，他们感到最大困难的题就是推理判断题。在本课中，主要训练学生能对推理判断题的类型和推理判断设计的问题形式有所认识，并且能够运用教师点拨的技巧去解题。知识与技能：通过学习推理判断题的类型，熟悉推理判断题的设问，掌握推断隐含意义,推断作者的观点态度，推断写作目的，推断文章的出处等方面的解题技巧，并且能从出题者的角度去思考如何对推理判断题设答。 过程与方法：通过自主学习、小组合作学习和探究学习去体验和灵活运用推理判断的技巧。教学目标情感、态度与价值观：通过掌握阅读理解推理判断的技巧，感受快速和准确找到答案的成功感和
4、愉悦感，享受阅读带来的快乐。 重点难点重点掌握推理判断题中推断隐含意义,推断作者的观点态度，推断写作目的，推断文章的出处等方面的技巧高三有效教学案例：高考英语阅读理解技巧点拨推理判断题2教学方法讲练法，任务型教学法，启发式教学法教学媒体黑板、多媒体、学案教学流程教学环节 时间 活动方式活动目标Step 1 Offer the students a flash, let one student to retell the story and guide students to answer the question: What can you learn from the story?2min.
5、师生活动导入本课内容：高考英语阅读理解技巧点拨推理判断题Step 2 Present the types of the inference questions, ask the students to judge the types of some questions and and show them question forms of the inference questions.4 min.师生活动让学生了解推断题的类型和设问形式，并且学会判断推断题的类型Step3 Have the students find the answers to the inference question
6、s in the reading personally, discuss the answers with the partners in groups and check the answers.17 min. 师生活动生生活动通过自主学习，小组活动，和教师的技巧点拨讲解，让学生掌握推理判断技巧Step 4 Offer more exercises for the students to consolidate the skills and let them choose 3 questions according to their English level.8 min.学生活动强化训练,
7、巩固技巧Step 5 Offer a passage for the students to design answers in group work to some inference questions and let them show their work.7 min.生生活动通过设计问题，更加深化和巩固学生推理判断技能，并且开拓学生推理判断思维Step 6 Sum up the class. 1 min. 师生活动归纳Step 7 Homework assignment 0.5 min. 师生活动巩固并运用本节课所学的内容。Step 8 Self-assessment 0.5 min
8、 学生活动让学生自我评价，促进教师有效教学高三有效教学案例：高考英语阅读理解技巧点拨推理判断题3Teaching ProcedureStep1 Leading-in（时间：2min.）First, offer the students a flash, then let one student to retell the story and finally, guide students to answer a question.T: What can you learn from the story?Ss: A. Where there is a will, there is a way.B
9、. Time and tide waits for no man.C. No pains, no gains.The key: C. 动画守株待兔反映了人们不劳而获的侥幸心理。【设计说明】导入部分首先让学生观看动画守株待兔 ，通过有趣的动画营造课堂气氛，解除高三学生疲劳，吸引学生目光。该部分以故事为背景设计，故事的选取基于 2005年全国高考英语试题广东卷的书面表达。导入运用多媒体技术，激发学生的想象力，进行推理判断，找出与动画相匹配的寓意，以此进入授课的主要内容：高考英语阅读理解技巧点拨推理判断题。同时，让学生根据画面内容进行复述，构成“视、说、判”三位一体的教学活动，启发学生推理判断思维，
10、并与 2011 年的广东英语口语高考训练接轨。Step2 Presentation and Making a judgement（时间：4 min.）Present the types of the inference questions, ask the students to judge the types of some questions and show them question forms of the inference questions.Task1: 呈现阅读推理判断题类型1. 推断隐含意义 2. 推断作者观点或态度 3. 推断写作目的4. 推断文章出处5. 推断人物的观点
11、、情感、品性6. 推断读者对象或文章的作者 7. 推断作者的情感Task2:判断下列问题的类型第 1 题 What does the author think of her mothers English now? 判断题型_第 2 题 This text is most probably taken from a _. 判断题型 _ 第 3 题 The author intends to_. 判断题型_第 4 题 The second paragraph indicates the importance of _. 判断题型_第 5 题 How did the author probably
12、 feel after he talked with his friend? 判断题型_ 第 6 题 Rae Armantrouts colleagues think that she_. 判断题型_第 7 题 Who probably wrote the letter? 判断题型_【答案点拨】第 1 题：推断作者观点或态度第 2 题：推断文章出处第 3 题：推断写作目的高三有效教学案例：高考英语阅读理解技巧点拨推理判断题4第 4 题：推断隐含意义第 5 题：推断作者的情感第 6 题：推断人物的观点、情感、品性第 7 题：推断读者对象或文章的作者Task3: 导出阅读推理判断题的提问形式和标志
13、性词语1. 推断隐含意义 It can be inferred from the text that_.The story indicates that_. 标志性词语：infer, indicate, suggest, imply, conclude.2. 推断作者观点或态度 What does the author think of _?Whats the authors attitude toward_?In the authors opinion, _.标志性词语：according to the writer, attitude, think, opinion, consider.3
14、. 推断写作目的 What is the authors main purpose in this passage?In the passage the author wants to tell_.The article is intended to _.标志性词语：purpose, intend to, show, want .4. 推断文章出处Where would this passage most probably appear?The passage is most likely a part of _.标志性词语：be taken from, appear, a part of,
15、be taken out of .5. 推断人物的观点、情感、品性Sb think that _.What do we know/learn about sb in the text?How did feel about?标志性词语：attitude, learn form, know from, feel about .6. 推断读者对象或文章的作者 Who probably wrote the letter?Who is the passage written for?Who are the intended readers of the passage?标志性词语：the intende
16、d reader, writer, author7. 推断作者的情感How does the author feel about_?The writer probably feels that_. 标志性词语：feel, feel about.【设计说明】学生对推断类型的题型和设问形式认识还是比较模糊的,此部分的设计重点在于使学生清晰掌握推断类型的题型和设问形式。教师利用黑板的固态特征，在黑板左方呈现推断题类型，让学生清楚推理判断题类型。运用 PPT 设计学生对多个句子进行题型判断，了解他们的认识反馈，并且由句到篇章的过渡，易于学生接受。导出阅读推理判断题的提问形式和标志性词语，强化学生对此类
17、题的意识。高三有效教学案例：高考英语阅读理解技巧点拨推理判断题5Step3 Let the students do some related exercises（时间：17 min.）Firstly, have the students find the answers to the inference questions in the reading materials personally, discuss the answers with the partners in groups, and check the answers.Task1: Find the answers to th
18、e inference questions in the reading materials personally.阅读材料，选出最佳选项。第 1 题 When I was a teenager, my mothers broken English embarrassed me. But now, I see it differently. To me, my mothers English is perfectly clear, perfectly natural. It is my mother tongue. Her language, as I hear it, is vivid, d
19、irect, and full of observation and wisdom. It was the language that helped shape the way 1 saw things, expressed ideas, and made sense of the world. 2010 年广东卷 A 篇 44 【题目】What does the author think of her mothers English now?【分析题型】_【判断选项】A. It confuses her.B. It embarrasses her.C. It helps her unders
20、tand the world.D. It helps her tolerate rude people.【答案点拨】第 1 题的题型是推断作者观点或态度。由文章最后一句 It was the languageand made sense of the world.可知我现在对母亲的汉语式英语有了新的认识。C 选项正确。技巧点拨：1) 注意转折词 but 的意味；2) 注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音。第 2 题 Batteries can power anything from small sensors to large systems. While
21、 scientists are finding ways to make them smaller but even more powerful, problems can arise when these batteries are much larger and heavier than the devices themselves. University of Missouri researchers are developing a nuclear energy source that is smaller, lighter and more efficient.Together wi
22、th J. David Robertson, chemistry professor and associate director of the MU Research Reactor, Kwon is working to build and test the battery. In the future, they hope to increase the batterys power, shrink its size and try with various other materials. Kwon said that the battery could be thinner than
23、 the thickness of human hair.【2010 山东卷 D 篇 75】 【题目】The text is most probably a _. 【分析题型】_【判断选项】A. science news report B. book review C. newspaper ad D. science fiction story 【答案点拨】第 2 题的题型是推断文章出处。综合全文可知，这是一篇科技新闻报道。报道了一种超薄的新能源电池的研究近况。由此看出 A 项正确。技巧点拨：高三有效教学案例：高考英语阅读理解技巧点拨推理判断题6这类问题应从文章的内容,结构和体裁来判断其出处。
24、第 3 题 Forget Twitter and Facebook, Google and the Kindle. Television is still the most influential medium around. Indeed ,for many of the poorest regions(地区)of the world, it remains the next big thingfinally becomes globally available. And that is a good thing, because the TV revolution is changing
25、lives for the better.Too much TV has been associated with violence, overweight and loneliness. However, TV is having a positive influence on the lives of billions worldwide.【题目】The author intends to_. 2010 年福建卷 B 篇 62【分析题型】_【判断选项】 A. stress the advantages of TV to peoples livesB. persuade women to b
26、ecome more independentC. encourage people to improve their reading skillsD. introduce the readers some websites such as Google【答案点拨】第 3 题的题型是推断写作目的。文章开始到结束都在强调电视对生活的积极影响，特别是首段中的“And that is a good thing, because the TV revolution is changing lives for the better.”和尾段中的“However, TV is having a positi
27、ve influence on the lives of billions worldwide.”可看出作者的写作意图，故 A 项为正确选项。技巧点拨：1） 找写作目的，特别注意首段和末段；2） 注意转折副词 however。第 4 题 Dress to impress: Stylist and business consultant Daniela Smith says, “Girls should keep in mind that your college professors will often be the bridge that connects you to your futu
28、re career and your classmates will become your professional network. You dont need to dress like youre going to the office, but you should display an ability to properly present yourself with appropriate maturity and confidence, and look put together.”2011 年广州市高三年级调研测试 A 篇 26【题目】The second paragraph
29、 indicates the importance of _.【分析题型】_【判断选项】A. impressing professorsB. getting on well with classmatesC. creating a professional imageD. dressing appropriately【答案点拨】第 4 题的题型是推断隐含意义。文段强调了穿戴要合适，文中提到“but you should display an ability to properly present yourself with appropriate maturity and confidence
30、, and look put together.”故选项 D 是正确的。技巧点拨：1） 全面分析,忠实原文，不要选择表层信息；2） 注意连词 but。Task2: Discuss the answers with the partners in the group.高三有效教学案例：高考英语阅读理解技巧点拨推理判断题7小组讨论答案，并说明来由。Task 3: The teacher checks the answers and gives some tips of skills.教师校对答案，点拨答题技巧。【设计说明】阅读材料来源于全国的高考题或调研测试题，材料典型，有一定的代表性。考虑到学生
31、基础比较薄弱，所以选取的题目难度适中。本部分通过学生自主学习，小组讨论和教师点拨来让学生掌握推理判断题的解题技巧。自主学习，是让学生通过个人体验，体会推理判断题的设问形式和寻找答案的思维过程；小组讨论，目的在于鼓励学生相互交流学习，深刻解题技巧，活跃课堂气氛，主动参与课堂；教师点拨，可以深化学生推理判断题的解题技巧，开拓学生解题的思维。Step 4 Consolidate the skills.拓展训练（时间： 8 min.）More exercises are offered for the students to consolidate the skills and let them ch
32、oose 3 questions according to their English level.根据所训练的内容，选择近几年的高考题，以巩固训练，学生可以依据自己的英语水平选择三道题作答。说明：根据选题的难易程度，以星号“*”来表示难度的递增。第 5 题*But in London, dinner parties are in peoples homes. Not only that, the guests are an interesting mix. The last time I went to one, the guests were from France, India, Den
33、mark and Nigeria; it was like a gathering at the United Nations. In New York the mix is less striking. Its like a gathering at Bloomingdales, a well-known department store.2010 年辽宁卷 B 篇 62 【题目】What does the author think of the parties in London?【分析题型】_【判断选项】A. A bit unusual. B. Full of tricks.C. Les
34、s costly. D. More interesting.【答案点拨】第 5 题是推断作者观点态度。上段讲到，在伦敦 dinner parties 不仅家中举行，而且客人都是来自四面八方有趣的组合。文中讲到“an interesting mix”和“a gathering at the United Nations”也暗示伦敦的派对更好玩，故 D 选项正确。第 6 题*My mother has long realized the limitations of her English as well. When I was fifteen, she used to have me call
35、people on the phone to pretend I was she. I was forced to ask for information or even to yell at people who had been rode to her. One time 1 had to call her stockbroker (股票经纪人). I said in an adolescent voice that was not very convincing, “This is Mrs. Tan. “2010 年高考广东卷 A 篇 42 【题目】From Paragraph 2, w
36、e know that the author was _ .【分析题型】_【判断选项】 A. good at pretendingB. rode to the stockbrokerC. ready to help her mother高三有效教学案例：高考英语阅读理解技巧点拨推理判断题8D. unwilling to phone for her mother【答案点拨】第 6 题是推断作者的情感。由第二段 I was forced to ask for information以及One time I had to call等关键信息可知，作者“我是被迫打听信息，或对她粗鲁的人大喊大叫” “有
37、一次我不得不给她的股票经纪人打电话”中作出推断，作者是不愿意帮母亲打电话，D 选项为正确答案。第 7 题*He talked to me because he wants his editors to demand so much more of him. He wants to be pushed, challenged, coached to new heights.The reporter believes that good stories spring from good questions, but his editors usually ask how long the stor
38、y will be, when it will be in, where it can play, and what the budget is.He longs for conversations with an editor who will help him turn his good ideas into great ones. He wants someone to get excited about what hes doing and to help him turn his story idea upside down and inside out, exploring the
39、 best ways to report it. He wants to be more valuable for your paper. Thats what you want for him, too, isnt it? .2010 年高考北京卷 B 篇 60【题目】What does the writer think of the reporter? 【分析题型】_【判断选项】A. Optimistic. B. Imaginative. C. Ambitious. D. Proud.【答案点拨】第 7 题是推断作者观点。根据文章内容可知，文中的那位记者想在自己的工作岗位上不断挑战新的高度
40、，由此可知他很有抱负。故 C 选项正确。第 8 题*Columbus College , 241 Queen Elizabeth Drive ,Kowloon CityTo: All StaffFrom: Jakie Mok , Secretary;Sports Development CommitteeDate: May 20, 2010A week ago , “Sports for Life” pregramme was sent to the parents, requiring them to select a sport they wanted their child to pla
41、y. Since then , our staff have received lots of calls from parents asking for more information about it . Here is a memo (备忘录) for your reference when you answer the phones.2010 年高考福建卷 D 篇 71【题目】The purpose of the memo is to_. 【分析题型】_ 【判断选项】A.attract studentsinterest in the programmeB.require the pa
42、rents to select a sport for their childC.help the staff explain the programme to the parentsD.remind teachers and lifeguards to be present on time【答案点拨】第 8 题是推断写作意图。文中“Here is a memo for your reference when you answer the phones.”清楚说明了这个备忘录的作用就是为了让工作人员更好地向咨询的家长高三有效教学案例：高考英语阅读理解技巧点拨推理判断题9解释和介绍相关的信息，故
43、 C 选项正确。第 9 题*One day a man walked a pet shop and said to the shop assistant， “I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches（蟑螂） and two spiders（蜘蛛）.” “What do you need these things for?” the shop assistant was very surprised. “Well， ”replied the man， “Im moving out of my apartment and the land
44、lord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”【题目】The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the apartment，it was _.【分析题型】_【判断选项】A. very clean B. just cleaned by the landlordC. tidy and comfortable D. dirty and full of insects【答案点拨】第 9 题是推断文章隐含意义。文
45、中“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches and two spiders”和 “Im moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”隐含了作者搬进的公寓，有很多虫子。故 D 选项正确。【设计说明】此部分的设计是拓展训练，目的是强化训练学生，巩固学生对技巧的掌握。由于学生的英语水平不一样，对选题划分三个层次（易：*；中：*；难：
46、*） 。学生可以依据自己的实际情况，选择不同层次的练习。最后，练习由学生来讲解，教师提供标准答案。Step 5 Design the answers（时间：7 min.）Offer a passage for the students to design the anwsers in group work to some inference questions.阅读下列短文，根据提供的问题设计答案，并且说明答案的来由。A young man from a village called Nawalapitiya married a young woman from Maliyuwa, a nea
47、rby village. They lived with the mans big family-his parents, his brothers, their wives and children. The family kept an elephant, in which the young woman soon took a great interest. Every day she fed it with fruit and sugar.Three months later the woman went back to her parents home, having quarreled with her husband. Soon the elephant refused to eat or work. It appeared to be ill and heart-broken. One
