专四高频近义词辨析篇.doc

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1、英语专业四级考试高频近义词、词组辨析卧龙雪痕1.abandon, desert, forsake, leave, give up这些动词或词组均含“抛弃、放弃”之意abandon : 强调永远或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物等,这可能是被迫的,也可能是自愿的。eg:1. Jackson has abandoned his old car.杰克逊把他那辆旧车扔了。2. She abandoned her husband and children and went off with another man.她抛弃了自己的丈夫和孩子, 跟另外一个男人跑了。desert :着重指违背法律责任和义务,或自己的信

2、仰与誓言的行为,多含非难的意味。eg: 1. Many soldiers deserted during the battle.在那次战斗中许多士兵开小差了。2. Never desert a friend in need.绝不要抛弃有困难的朋友。forsake :侧重断绝感情上的依恋,自愿抛弃所喜欢的人或物。也指抛弃信仰或改掉恶习。eg: He was forsaken by his friends.他被朋友们背弃了。leave :普通用词,指舍弃某事或某一职业,或终止同一某人的关系,但不涉及动机与果。eg: I have left my job which made me crazy.我已

3、经辞掉了那份让我抓狂的工作了。give up :普通用语,侧重指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃。eg: The doctors gave my uncle up, but he lived.医生们认为我叔叔的病无法治好,但他却活了下来。2.ability, capacity, capability, genius, talent, competence, faculty, gift, aptitude这些名词均可表示人的“能力,才能”之意。ability: 普通用词,指人先天的或学来的各种能力。eg: 1. The ability to use a language can be acquired

4、 by the act of using the language.运用语言的能力只能能通过不断练习才能获得。2. His ability is limited.他的能力有限。capacity :侧重指人的潜在能力,通常不指体力,多指才智,尤指接受与领悟能力。eg: 1.Their reasoning capacity must be developed.他们的推理能力必须加以培养。2. His capacity of accepting knowledge helps him to be the top student in his class.他接受知识的能力使得他成为班里的第一名。cap

5、ability : 多用于人,指胜任某项具体工作的能力,也指本身具有、尚未发挥的潜在能力。常与 of 或 for 连用。eg: 1. Not by age but by capacity is wisdom acquired.智慧的获得是依靠才能而不是年龄。2. The little girl has great capability as a singer and should be trained.这个小女孩很有当歌手的才能, 应该加以训练。genius: 语气最强,指天赋的高度才能与智力。eg: 1. Mozart showed genius even at the age of six

6、, when he began to compose minuets.莫扎特六岁时就开始创作小步舞曲, 展露才华。2. Einstein was a mathematical genius.爱因斯坦是数学天才。talent: 着重指人某方面具有可发展和培养的突出天赋才能,但语意比 genius 弱。eg: 1. He was a man of many talents.他是一个多才多艺的人。2. There was a lot of talents in this company.这个公司有很多人才。competence: 正式用词,侧重指令人满意的业务能力与水平,达到胜任某项工作等的要求。e

7、g: We knew her competence in solving problems.我们都是知道她解决问题的能力。faculty: 指特殊的才能或智力。eg: An unerring faculty for detecting hypocrisy is one of her most useful attributes.能无误地看出伪善的能力是她身上最有用的特征之一。gift: 着重个人的天赋的才能或在某方面的显著本领,常暗含不能用一般规律作解释的意味。eg: 1. Her tactfulness is a remarkable gift.她的机敏是一种非凡的天赋。2. This di

8、plomat possessed an excellent gift for repartee.这位外交官具有卓越的应对才能。aptitude: 多指先天或后天习得的运用自如的能力,常暗示接受能力强,能迅速掌握一种学术训练或艺术技巧。eg: That student has an aptitude for mathematics.那个学生有数学方面的天赋。3.able, capable, competent这些形容词均含有“有能力的,能干的”之意1) able :最常用词,多用于褒义,着重指多方面的,经常性的,或潜在性的能力。有时也指高超、非凡的能力。eg: 1. Most children

9、are able to walk before they are able to talk.(多数孩子在会说话前就会走路。)2. The patient was soon able to sit up.(病人很快就能坐起来了。)2)capable :语气弱于 able,指有能力、有潜力或有条件做某事,常与 of 连用。eg: 1.He is a manager capable of leadership.(他是个富有领导才能的经理。)2.Jim is capable at sports.(吉姆擅长运动。)3)competent :强调具有能胜任某项工作的足够技能或其它所需的条件。eg: 1.

10、He did a competent job.(他的工作做得相当出色。)2. He is competent to do it.(他能做这件事。)4.abolish, cancel, repeal这些动词均含“取消、废除”之意1)abolish :正式用词,指彻底废除某种制度、规章或习俗。eg: 1.The Americans abolished slavery in 1863.(美国于 1863 年废除奴隶制度。)2.Do abolish this kind of bad evil.(一定要废除这种恶劣习俗。)2)cancel :用法广泛,多指取消债务、合同、证书、比赛、旅行、计划或约会等。

11、eg: 1. He cancelled his order for the goods.(他取消了货物订单。)2. We were all disappointed to learn that the picnic had been cancelled.(我们得知这次野餐已经取消, 都感到很失望。)3)repeal:书面用词,指撤销立法机关通过的协议、法案或法律等。eg: The Labour Party repealed the Act.(工党废除了那项法令。)5.about, around, round1)表示“在周围”,三者常可互换。如:eg:They sat about round,

12、around the fire.(他们围火而坐。)注:在现代英语中,about 用于这种情况已不多见。2)表示“到处 ”,三者常可互换。如:eg:He traveled about / round / around the world.(他周游了全世界。)3)用在数字之前表示“ 大约”,一般用 about 或 around。如:eg: 1.It costs about / around ten dollars.(它大约要花 10 美元。)2.There are about / around 30 bookstores in the city.(这座城里大约有 30 家书店。)注:在英国英语中,

13、在表示时间的词组里也可用 round。eg: 1.He arrived about / round / around 5 oclock.(他是大约 5 点钟到的。)2.Ill be back about / round / around lunch time.(我午饭前后回来。)4)表示把某物分给一群人中的每一个时,可用 round 或 around,而不用 about。eg: Will you hand round / around the papers?(请你把考卷分发一下,好吗 ?)6.above, on, over这些前置词均含“在上” 之意。1)above :一般指位置高于某物,但不

14、一定在正上方,也不接触另一物,其反义词是below。eg: 1.The aeroplane was flying a few feet above the sea.( 飞机正在距海面几英尺的低空飞行。)2.The chorus was seated above the orchestra.(合唱队的座位高于乐队席。)2)on :指与另一物表面相接触。eg: That book on the desk is an atlas.(桌上的那本书是地图册。)3)over :指一物在另一物的垂直上方,多暗示悬空,但也含“覆盖于之上”之意。其反义词是 under。eg:1.There is a lamp

15、over the table.(桌子正上方有一盏灯。)2.The clouds are right over us.(这云在我们的头顶上。)7.absorb, suck, digest, incorporate这些动词均有“吸收”之意。1)absorb :普通用词,词义广泛,既可指吸收光、热、液体等具体东西,又可指吸收知识等抽象概念的东西。eg: 1.Dry earth absorbs water quickly.(干土吸水很快。)2.You should absorb lots of knowledge when you are young.(你应该在年轻的时候多吸收知识。)2)suck :

16、作“吸收”解时,可与 absorb 换用,但还可有“吮吸”之意。eg: 1.He sucked hard for air to keep breathing.(他拼命吸气以维持呼吸。)2.The baby was sucking its mothers breast.(婴儿正在吮吸母乳。)3)digest :侧重在消化道内改变食物的化学结构后被人体吸收。eg: 1.Cheese doesnt digest easily.(乳酪不易消化。)2.I just cannot digest eggs.(我吃鸡蛋就不能消化。)4)incorporate :指一物或多物与它物相融合,形成一整体。eg: 1

17、.The factory incorporates with others.(这家工厂与别家合并了。)2.The shopping centre also incorporates a library and a bank.(商业中心还包括一家银行和一家图书馆。)8.absurd, ridiculous这两个形容词均含有“荒谬的”之意1)absurd :普通用词,强调指违背常理的荒谬。eg: 1.What an absurd suggestion!(多么荒唐的建议!)2.It was absurd of you to do such a thing.(你做那样的事是愚蠢的。)2)ridicul

18、ous :强调荒谬到令人发笑的地步。eg: 1.It is ridiculous to dispute about such things.(争论这样的事情是可笑的。)2.Its ridiculous that we should have to queue, when we have already got our tickets.(我们已经拿到了票, 居然还要排队, 未免可笑。)9.abundant, plentiful, ample这些形容词均有“充分的、丰富的”之意。1)abundant :着重某物极为丰富有或大量的供应。eg: 1.Rainfall is abundant in th

19、e region.(该地区降雨丰沛。)2.China is abundant with natural resources.(中国自然资源丰富。)2)plentiful :普通用词,指某物的数量多得称心如意,不过剩,但较少用于描写抽象之物。eg: 1.Their family has a plentiful harvest this year.( 他们家今年又丰收了。)2.Fruit is plentiful this year.(今年水果很多。)3)ample :指某物不仅满足了需要而且有余。eg: 1.The sun was setting fast, but there was stil

20、l ample light.(夕阳西下,天色很快暗下来,但是还有足够的光线。)2.Thirty dollars will be ample for the purpose.( 有 30 美元足够用了。)10.accept, receive, admit, take这些动词均有“接受、接纳”之意。1)accept :强调主动地或自愿地接受,或者说,经过考虑后同意接受。eg: 1.Please accept me as a friend.(请把我当作朋友。)2.The police accepted his story as true.(警察对他的话信以为真。)3.He accepted me a

21、s having seen the much of the world.(他承认我见识广。)2)receive :表示被动接受eg: 1.A baby can only receive sense impressions, but it cant understand them.(婴儿只能接受感官方面的印象,而不能理解。)2.She has received his present, but will not accept it.(她收到了他的礼物,但她是不会接受的。)3)admit :作“接受”讲时,强调准许或批准。eg: No one but ticket-holders was admi

22、tted.(只有持票者方可入内。)4)take: 与 receive 同意,是 receive 的日常用法,侧重不带主观意愿地收下或接受。eg: 1.John takes second place in the race.(约翰获得赛跑亚军。)2.She wont take any more of his insults.(她再也不能容忍他的侮辱了。)11.accident, incident, event, occurrence, happening这些名词均有“事故、事件”之意。1)accident :强调偶然或意外发生的不幸事情。eg: An awful accident has hap

23、pened.(发生了一起可怕的意外事故。)2)incident :既可指小事件或附带事件,又可指政治上具有影响的事件或事变。eg: The demonstration proceeded without incident.(游行示威进行时没有出事。)3)event :可指任何大小事件,但尤指历史上的重大事件。eg: The new book was the cultural event of the year.(这本新书的出版是今年文化界的大事。)4)occurrence 和 happening 这两个词多指日常生活中发生的一般事件,有时也指偶然发生的事。eg: Newspapers reco

24、rd the chief occurrences of the day.(纸报道了当天发生的大事。)I know nothing at all about the recent happenings there.(对那里近来发生的事我一点儿也不知道。)12.accompany, conduct, attend, escort这些动词均有“陪同,伴随”之意1)accompany :既可指人也可指物。用于人时,侧重关系紧密或同时发生。eg: 1.May we accompany you on your walk?(我们陪你一起散步好吗 ?)2.Thunder often accompanies l

25、ightning.(雷声常伴着闪电。)2)conduct :无论用于人或物均指引导带领。eg: 1.He conducted the members of the audience to their seats.(他引观众到他们的座位上。)2.They hired agents to conduct their company.(他们雇请代理人来管理他们的公司。)3)attend :侧重主从关系,即下级对上级,学生对老师等,或表恭、服侍。eg: 1.Success attended her efforts (或 hard work).(成功随着她的努力(或努力工作)而来。)2.The reta

26、iners attended their lord.(仆人服侍他们的老爷。)4)escort :通常指用车或人在陆上伴随、护送,其目的是保护或出于礼节。eg: 1.The prisoner was taken under escort to the jail.(罪犯被押送到监狱。)2.Her escort to the party was a tall young man.( 陪她参加晚会的是一位高个子男青年。)3.The kings escort total 50 men.(国王的警卫队总数达 50 人。)13.accurate, exact, precise, right, true, c

27、orrect这些形容词均含“准确的,正确的”之意。accurate : 指通过谨慎的努力达到符合事实或实际,侧重不同程度的准确性,与事实无出入。eg: He has made an accurate measurement of my garden.他准确地丈量了我的花园。exact :着重在质与量方面的准确,语气比 accurate 强。eg: 1.Please give me your exact age.请把你的确切年龄告诉我。2.His memory is very exact; he never makes mistakes.他的记忆非常准确, 从不出错。precise :侧重极端准

28、确,更强调细节的精确无误。eg: A scientist must be precise in making tests.科学家做试验必须精确。right :使用广泛,可与 correct 换用,但常暗示道德、理解、行动等方面的正确。eg: He gave the right answer.他做出了正确的回答。true :暗指绝对准确,尤指复制品与原件丝毫不差。eg: 1.The story must be true, for I read it in the newspaper.这个故事准是真的, 因为那是我在报上看到的。2.Is it true that he has left Londo

29、n?他已离开了伦敦的消息属实吗?correct :最常用词,主要指按一定标准或规则来衡量,没有谬误和差错或无缺点错误。eg: The thing turned out to be correct.这事证实是对的。14.accordingly, consequently, hence, so, therefore(thus)这些连接副词均有“因此,所以”之意。1)accordingly :书面用词,强调根据某种原因而得出的结果,其前可用冒号或分号,但不用逗号。eg: He was told to speak briefly; accordingly he cut short his remark

30、s. (人家叫他说话简短, 于是他就长话短说了。)2)consequently :正式用词,侧重符合逻辑的结果。eg: She was a bright and eager student and, consequently, did well in school.(她是个聪明好学的学生, 因此学习成绩很好。)3)hence : 较正式用词,指接下来的东西是理所当然的必需的东西,但强调其重要性。eg: Its handmade and hence expensive. (这是手工做的 , 因此很贵。)4)so :用于比较随便的场合,口语中多用。eg: 1.The dog was hungry,

31、 so we fed it.(狗饿了, 所以我们喂它。)2.I gave you a map so you wouldnt get lost.( 我给你一张地图, 这样你就不会迷路了。)5)therefore :通常指引出一个推断出的必然结论。可与 thus 相互替换。eg: They therefore can do nothing good of themselves.(所以他们靠自己是什么好事也做不成的。)15.accumulate, amass, collect, gather, heap, pile这些动词均含“积聚,聚集,积累”之意。1)accumulate :几乎可用于指任何事物

32、量的增加,侧重连续不断地,一点一滴地聚积。eg: 1.Snow accumulated on the ground.(地上积了一层雪。)2.They set to work accumulating a huge mass of data.(他们已开始积累大量的资料。)2)amass : 着重大量地积聚,尤指对如金钱、珠宝等有价值东西的大量积聚。eg: They have amassed a fortune in just a few years.(他们在几年的时间里就聚集了一笔财富。)3)collect :普通用词,多用于指物,侧重指有区别地作选择或有安排有计划地把零散物集中起来。eg: A

33、 crowd soon collected at the scene of the accident. (群众迅速聚集在事故现场。)4)gather :普通用词,指人或物或抽象事物都可用。侧重于围绕一个中心的集合、聚集。eg: 1.The crowd is gathering.人群正在聚集。)2.The teacher gathered all the pupils in the auditorium.(老师把全体同学集合在礼堂内。)5)heap :主要指把沙、石、煤、草等堆高,不强调整齐。eg: 1.Snow heaped against the fence. (雪靠着篱笆堆积起来。)2.W

34、ho will heap the stones?(谁愿意把这些石头堆起来?)6)pile :着重指比较整齐地把东西堆积在一起。eg: 1.He piled a lot of logs.(他堆起许多木头。)2.Pile the leaves in the corner of the yard.(把树叶整齐地堆到院子里。)16.accuse, charge这两个动词均有“指控、谴责”之意。1)accuse :普通用词,正式或非正式场合,私人或法律上均可用。被指控的情节可轻可重。常与 of 连用。eg: We accused him of taking bribes. (我们控告他受贿。)2)cha

35、rge : 常与 accuse 换用,但 charge 多指较严重的错误或罪行,而且往往向法庭提出正式起诉。eg: 1.They charged that the police had beaten three students to death. (他们指控警察将三名学生殴打致死。)2.That man was charged with plotting to use weapons of mass destruction in the United States.(那个人被指控试图在美国使用大规模杀伤性武器。)17.ache, pain, sore这些名词均含有“疼、疼痛”之意。1)ach

36、e :指人体某一器官较持久的疼痛,常常是隐痛。eg: She felt an ache in her back. (她感到后背隐隐作痛。)“Ache”的另外一个意思:渴望eg: His heart ached for her love. (他渴望得到她的爱。)这个用法挺好,写情书的时候可以用的到情书固然老套,但如今社会不都流行复古嘛。Anyway,记住它吧2)pain :可与 ache 换用,但 pain 既可指一般疼痛,也可指剧痛,疼痛范围可以是局部或全身,时间可长可短。也可引申指精神上的痛苦。eg: Mother has a pain in her chest. (母亲胸口疼。)3)sor

37、e :指身体某部位的痛处,有是也指精神上的痛苦。eg: 1.Mary has a bad cold and sore throat. (玛丽患了重感冒而且咽喉痛。)2.Losing the election was a sore disappointment. (竞选失败令人痛心失望。)18.acknowledge, admit, confess, recognize, concede这些动词均含“承认”之意。1)acknowledge :通常指公开承认某事的真实情况或自己的过错。eg: He grudgingly acknowledged having made a mistake.(他勉强

38、承认他做错了。)2)admit :强调因外力或良心驱使或经判断而明确承认,多含不情愿或被迫意味。eg: She admitted having done wrong.(她承认自己做错了。)3)confess :语气较强,着重承认自己意识到的错误或罪行,含坦白忏悔的意味。eg: 1.He confessed where he had hidden the money.(他供出了他藏钱的地方。)2.He confessed himself out of contact with the times.(他承认自己与时代脱节。)4)recognize :作“承认”解时,系书面用词,主要指合法的或外交上

39、的承认,也指公认。eg: We dont recognized him to be the lawful heir.(我们不承认他为合法继承人。)5)concede :指在事实与证据面前勉强或不得不承认。eg: I conceded that I had made a mistake.(我承认我犯了一个错误。)19.acquire, obtain, gain, get, win, earn, secure这些动词均含“获得、取得、得到”之意。1)acquire :强调通过不断的、持续的努力而获得某物,也指日积月累地渐渐地获得。书面语用词。We shouldacquire more firsth

40、and information.(我们应当取得更多的第一手资料。)I tried to acquire the information I needed.(我千方百计地搞到了我所需要的资料。)2)obtain :较正式用词,着重通过巨大努力、要求而得到所需或盼望已久的东西。3)Ordinary people would then be able to use them to obtain valuable information.(那时平常的人便能运用它们去获取宝贵的信息。)3)gain :侧重指经过努力或有意识行动而取得某种成就或获得某种利益或好处。During that time, she

41、 so gained my aunts confidence that she was put in charge of the domestic staff.(在这期间,她得到了我姑姑如此的信任,结果被委任为家仆的负责人。)A penny saved is a penny gained.(省一文是一文。)4)get :普通用词,使用广泛,可指以任何方式得到某物,也不一定要经过努力。I sat in the front of the bus to get a good view of the countryside.(我坐在公共汽车的前部,以得到有利于观赏农村风光的机会。)5)win :主要指

42、通过努力、斗争、比赛等而获得胜利。This invariably wins them the love and respect of others.(这种行为常常为他们赢得别人的爱戴和尊敬。)6)earn :侧重指依靠自己的劳动或因付出代价与有功而获得。His achievements earned him respect and admiration.(他的成就为他赢得别人的尊敬和赞美。)7)secure :强调要通过努力或竞争,或需要付出代价才能获得所渴望的东西。Can you secure me two good seats for the concert?(你能为我弄到这场音乐会的两个

43、好座位吗?)20.across, along, over, through这些前置词均有“横过、穿过”之意。1. across : 指“从的一边到另一边”,强调横过,多与动态动词连用。eg: A straight line was ruled across the map.(一条直线横划在地图上。)2. along :指沿着一条直线在水平方向上运动。一般表动态,有时也与静态动词连用。eg: The policeman told the crowds to move along.(警察叫人群向前走。)3. over :常和动态动词连用,指 “从上面越过”或 “横越”;表静态时,指“在彼处”。eg

44、: 1.Instead of opening the gate, we climbed over it.(我们没有开门, 而是从门顶上爬过去的。)2.We moved through fields and over ditches.(我们穿过田野, 跨过沟渠。)4. through :侧重从一端穿到另一端。eg: 1.Can I get through by this road?(我可以从这条路过去吗? )2.He went through the forest the next day.(次日他穿过了森林。)21.account, report这两个名词的有“报道,叙述”之意。1. acco

45、unt :普通用词,不如 report 正式,侧重对亲身经历或目睹之事所作的书面或口头的报道或叙述。eg: The two accounts of the accident do not agree.(有关这次事件两则报道不一致。)2. report :正式用词,多指报刊上的报道,强调对情况经过调查或审核后作出的详尽叙述,具有一定权威性。eg: All reports must be sent in by the end of this week.(所有的报告必须在本星期以前交齐。)22.act, action, deed, operation, performance这些名词均含“行为、行动

46、”之意。1、act :一般指具体的、短暂的或个别的行为,强调行为的完成及其效果。eg: My first act was to run into the waiting room.(我的第一个行动就是跑进客厅。)2、action :普通用词,着重行动的过程。eg: The time has come for action.(行动的时候到了。)3、deed :较庄重用词,除泛指各种行为外,还可用于指某种高尚或伟大的行为,故常译作“功绩,业绩”。eg: Deeds are better than words when people are in need of help.(当别人需要帮助时, 行动胜于语言。)4、operation :多指一连串行动或行为的完成方式。

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