1、1. This does not mean that we ha ve to write or call our friends every day.It does mean，however，that we care enough about our friends to find out how they are doing from t ime to time.【解析】考查情态动词。根据语境特别是前面的 have to 可知，此处需要一个情态动词，should 应该，语气合适；如用 must，语气太强； may/can 语气太弱。【答案】should2. I was really happ
2、y to be writing a detective story.But after the first few pages，I just write any more.【答案】couldnt3. Im Captain John Blanchard.You be Miss Hollis.I am glad to meet you here.【解析】考查情态动词。你一定是 Hollis 女士。根据语境可知此处要用 must 表示肯定推测。【答案】must4. He walked in as if he (buy) the school，and the word quickly got arou
3、nd that he was from New York City.【解析】考查虚拟语气。在人称代词 he 后，显然是作谓语；又因他不可能是买下了这个学校，故应用虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，故填 had bought。【答案】had bought5. I recommend that you (try) B.【解析】考查虚拟语气。recommend, suggest, request, command 等后面的宾语从句使用虚拟语气，即should 动词原形，should 可省略。【答案】(should) try6. Tom：Sandy.It seems that only half of the
4、 students passed the final exam.来源:学科网 ZXXKSandy：Really? The exam have been very difficult this time.【解析】考查情态动词。答句意为“这次的考试一定很难”。must have done 肯定，表示对过去的肯定猜测。【答案】must7. Its a pity you were late，otherwise you (see) the film star Rain from Korea.【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据 otherwise 判断此处是含蓄型的虚拟语气，表示对过去的虚拟时，主句用would
5、have done。【答案】would have seen 学科网8. All the students put on masks before go ing to school in case they are infected with flu virus.来源:学科网 ZXXK【解析】考查情态动词。所有 学生应在去学校之前带上口罩以防感染禽流感。sh all 用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。【答案】shall9. Had the government limited the sales of cars much earlier，traffic jam and
6、pollution not be so serious now.【答案】would10. If you will stay here longer，you may.But you leave before this weekend.【解析】考查情态动词。根据 but 可知，此处强调说话人主观上认为“必须”做某事，要求对方必须在周末前离开。must 必须。【答案】must例 1I have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.【解析】句意：在来到新学校前我本
7、不必担心，因为在新学校我的同班同学对我很友好。考查情态动词。neednt have done.本不必做的事做了。【答案 】neednt【名师点睛】情态动词的基本用法 I.can(could)1.表示体力或脑力方面的能力，或根据客观规定律能做某事的能力，意思是“能够”。can 表“能够” 时，既可指将来，也可指现在。be able to 在表示能 力时与 can 同义，但可用:于各种时态，强调通过努力克服困难成功地做某事，相当 managed to do 或 succeeded in doing.例如:No one can (is able to) finish such a difficult
8、 thing. He can speak English. I can go there now.With the help of the fire men ,the the trapped peopel was able to leave the burning buildung(不能用 could)2.表示许可、允许，在疑问句中表示 “请求，许可”，否定句中表示 “不许”，此时可与 may 通采用，有时 cannot 可以表示 “禁止”，相当于“mustnt”,例如:May(Can)I help you?That sort of thing cant go on !You cant ( m
9、ustnt, are not allowed to ) play computer games again.来源:Z#xx#k.Com3.表示推测，强调客观可能性“可能、会”，can 多用于疑问句和否定句，表示猜测时，情态动词后可用进行式或完成式。There comes a man. Who can it be?It must be our English teacher.No, it cant be him. He has gone to America!He cant have gone there alone.4.could 表示“能力”“可能性”“许可” ，为 can 的过去式。一般用
10、于委婉、客气地提出问题或陈述看法，此时 can，could 并没有时间上的差别，只是 could 的语气更客气些。回答时用原形回答。Could I borrow your English dictionary?Of course you can. Go a head.may,might( might 为 may 的过去式)1.表示许可，有“可以” 的意思，询问或说的一件事可不可以做，有时可以用 can互换。其否定式 may not 表示“不可以、禁止、阻止”等，常用 must not =mustnt 代替，may 用于疑问句中，回答这种问题时，多避免用 may，而用其 他形式，以免显得口气太严
11、峻或不客气。 来源:Zxxk.Com例如:Mum, may I go to the cinema tonight?Yes, you may. (No, you mustnt/ youd better not. ) 比较:Yes, please/please dont.2.表推测、或许、可能的意思，表示一件事或许会发生，只用在陈述包中。例如: Her parents may come to see her tomorrow.3.may 句式用来表示祝愿。例如:May you succeed! = I hope you may succeed.May you be happy, healthy a
12、nd wealthy!4.might 是 may 的过去式，表示可以做的事或可能发生的事；主句谓语动词是过去时态时用 might 不用may。might 一般用于比 may 的口气委婉，或表示现实的可能性 更小一些的语境中.例如:Our teacher suggested a few books which I might buy.I wonder if I might buy some sugar now.m ust1.表示必须要做的事，意为“必须”，否定式 mustnt 表示 “不应该，不许可，禁止”等。因此，在回答带有 must 的问句时，不用 mustnt，而用 neednt 或 do
13、nhave to.例如: 来源:Z#xx#k.ComMust I hand in the paper now?Yes,you must.No,you neednt./you dont have to.来源:Zxxk.Com2.must 在表示 “必须”时与 have to 相近，have to 比较强调客观的需要，must 着重主观看法。另外 must不像 have to 那样能有更多的时态。例如:Tom, you must stay at home. (命令或叮嘱)I have to stay at home to look after my baby. (客观需要)3.表推测，暗含很大的可
14、能性 ，意为“一定”只用于“肯定句”中。例如: 来源:Zxxk.ComI think there must be a mistake.4.偏偏、硬要、干嘛(指做令人不快的事 )。例如:Hey, beys Must you shout so loudly?.Shall1.用于二、三人称陈述句中。表示说话人给对方的命令、许诺、警告、强制、威胁、决心等。在疑问句中，表示征询听话人是否愿意。例如:You shall have my answer tomorrow. (允许)He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. (警告)You shall do as
15、 I tell you. (命令或分咐)来源:Z|xx|k.ComShall you go with me? (征询意见)2.用于一、三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。例如:Shall we begin our class?When shall my father be able to leave hospital?V. should 和 ought toshould 表示劝告、建议常作“应当”讲，与 ought to 有时可互换，ought to 更注重一些责任义务。 should表示预测可能性，并译作“可能，(按道理) 应该” ；而 ought to 则表示非常可能。
16、Should 用于委婉、谦逊地提出意见或建议，ousht to 可表示因责任、义务等该做的 事。例如:We should (ought to) help each other in work.( ought to 的语气要强)They should come here now. (按道理应该到了)I am your teacher, I ought to help with your study.(表示有这个责任 )来源:Z,xx,k.Com.will 和 wouldwill 可以表示意愿、意志和决心，适用于各种人称。可以用来表示各种倾向或习惯动作。有时还用来表示“难免”。其过去式是 woul
17、d，也可以是单独的情态动词，在表示委婉提出请求、建议或看法时，语气比 will 委婉，肯定的回答时用 will。例如:Dont worry. He will do his best.来源:Zxxk.ComWhere there is a will, there will be a success.(表示习惯)Accident will happen. ( 难免 )Would you please do me a favor?例 2Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.Oh, its too bad.You have made full pre
18、parations.【答案】should【名师点睛】情态动词中三组表达方式的用法区别1.would 与 used to 的区别。在表示过去重复的习惯时，used to 可用 Would 代替。used to 强调过去的行为同现在的对比，含有“过去怎样，而现在却不这样了”的含义；而 Would 则单纯表示过去的习惯动作，常与 often，everyday 连用，当只是表示过去的状态时，只能用 used to.例如:They would have a drind in the bar at noon.Thy used to have a drink in the bar at noon.(现在右能
19、不了)China is not what it used to be.(表示对比，不能用 would)Every evening,she would sit in frnt of the door to wait for her son .(表示过去的习惯动作，不能用 used to)They used to be a temple on the to of the mountain.(表示过去的状态，不能用 would)2.表示“宁愿做某事” 时，有下列句式结构:would rather do somethingwould do sth. rather than do sth.Would r
20、ather s b. did sth.prefer to do sth.Prefer to do sth. Rather than do sth.prefer to do sth. to doing sth.【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】情态动词否定式所表达的含义may not,might not 或许不，可能不cant can not(= be not able to)不能说cant,can not 不可能may not,cant, can not, mustnt (= be n ot allowed to)不许可needt(= dont have to)不必shouldnt,oughtnt to
21、(= be not supposed to)不应该例 3You be Carol.You havent changed a bit after all these years.【解析】句意：你一定是 Ca rol，这些年以来你一点都没变。must 一定，表示推测，符合句意。【答案】must【名师点睛】“情态动词 +过去分词” 用法1.must have done 表示对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意思是“想必、准是、一定做了某事” 。例如:It must have rained last night, for the ground was quite muddy.The lights were
22、 out. They must have been asleep.2.maymight have done 表示对过去已经发生行为韵推测；意思是“也许；或许、已经( 没有)”。一般只用于肯定句或否定句中，不用于疑问句。用 might 表示语气更加不肯定。例如 :Its too late. I think he may have gone to bed.He may not have finished the work. She might have caught a cold.3.might have done 表示“ 本来可能； ”，但实际上没有发生的事情。还可以表示“ 本来应该或可以做某事
23、”的意思；有轻微的责备语气。例如: You should n ot have swum in that river. You might have been eaten by fish.You might have given him more help, though you were busy.4.could have done 用于肯定句中，表示 “可能已经”的意义，也可以表示过去没有实现的可能性，意思为“本来可以” 。例如:You could hav e done better, but you were too careless.I went to New York last sum
24、mer and stayed at a hotel, but I could have stayed with my brother.I saw his father just now. He couldnt have gone to Shanghai.5.shouldougt to have done 用于肯定句时，表示本该做某事，但实际上没做；用于否定句时，则表示不该做的事反而做了。例如:You should/ ought to have come to the meeting earlier.He ought not to have treated his parents like th
25、at. 6.neednt have done 表示本来不必去做的事但做了。但是 didnt need to 表示”没有必要做而实际上也没有做”。例如:You neednt have taken a taxi here, for it was very near to my house.I didnt need to clean the room. My mother did it.【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】canhave done 和 can not have done 表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定。例如:He cannot have taken awa y the magazine.Can
26、 he have gone home?例 4 If I (see)it with my own eyes, I wouldnt have believed it.【答 案】hadnt seen 学科网【名师点睛】虚拟语气中的几种特殊情况1.if 省略句在条件句中，可省略 if 把 were，had，should 提到句首，变为倒装句式。如果谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。例如:Should it (If it should) rain tomorrow; we would not go fishing.Were it not (if it were not)the expense,
27、 I would go abroad now. (不能用 werent)2.在 would rather 后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气形式用动词的过去式，在 It is(hish) time (that)句型中，从句中的谓语动词用过去式，或 should + 动词原形，但 should 不能省略。例如:It is high time that you went to school.It is high time we should start out.I would rather they didnt hear of the news.3.在口语中，虚拟语气的省略情 况口语中，虚拟语气的省略情况要
28、注意。如果是一般过去时，只保留 did，could，were 等助动词、情态动词或系动词如果是过去完成时，要保留 had；如果是过去将来时，要保留 wouldmight. 同时还要注意被动情况。例如:Have you found the answer to the question?I wish I had( found the answer to the question).I cant go to Beijing with you, but I wish I would (go to Beijing with you).Have you finished your homework?I w
29、ould have ( finished my homework) if I had not gone to the cinema last n ight.The liitle boy who dark the poison by mistake died if he ha d been sent to the hospital earlier.Well. he should have been (sent to the hospital earlier).【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】if only 和 only if 句型(1)if only 可以用来表示对现在或未来的愿望,也可以表示与过去事实相
30、反的愿望。例如:If only I could swim.(现在的愿望)If only they would tell me what they have decided. (将来的愿望)If only they had remembered to buy some fruit just now. (与过去事实相反的愿望 )(2)only if 用于句首，后接从句主谓倒装，意思是“ 只要，只有”。例如:来源:学科网Only if the red light comes on is there any danger to employees.Only if a teacher has given
31、 permissionis a student allowed to enter this room.1.Cant you stay a little longer?Its getting late.I really go now.My daughter is home alone.【解析】句意：你不能再多待一会儿吗？天要黑了，我真的现在必须走了，我的女儿独自呆在家里。must 必须。【答案】mu st2. It was so noisy that we not hear ourselves speak.【答案】could3. You feel all the training a waste
32、 of time，but Im a hundred percent sure later youll be grateful you did it.【解析】句意：你也许会认为所有的培训都是浪费时间，但是我百分之百的保证你以后会感激你所做的事情。考查情态动词。根据后文的描述可以看出此处培训还没有结束，是一种不肯定的推测语气。【答案】may4. You be careful with the camera.It costs!【解析】考查情态动词。句意：你一定要非 常小心对待照相机，它很昂贵。此处表示命令语气。【答案】must 学科网5. you interrupt now? Cant you se
33、e Im on the phone?Sorry Sir, but its urgent.【解析】考查情态动词。句意：你现在一定要打断我吗？难道你没有看到我在打电话吗？对不起，先生，事情很急。根据语境应填 mus t 表“非要，硬要” 。【答案】Must6.It be the postman at the door.Its only six oclock.【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：不可能是邮递员在门口，才六点钟呢。根据后一句中“现在仅仅六点”，only 一词表明语气强烈，前一句为 “门外的绝不可能是邮递员”。故用 cant。【答案】cant7. Without his wartime e
34、xperiences, Hemingway (write)his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.来源:学科网 ZXXK【答案】wouldnt have written8. Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I (dance)as well as her.【解析】句意：艾伦是一位出色的舞者，我希望我能像他跳的那么好。考查虚拟语气。wish 后跟宾语从句时，从句中需要用虚拟语气，从句中用 did 表示对现在事实的虚拟。【答案】danced9. I wish I (be)at my sisters wedding last Tue
35、sda y, but I was on a business trip in New York the n.【解析】句意：我希望上个星期二我出席了姐姐的婚礼，但那时我正在纽约出差中。考查虚拟语气。wish 后的宾 语从句要用虚拟语气，对过去发生过的事情的虚拟要用过去完成时。【答案】had been来源:学,科,网10.It is lucky we booked a room, or we (have)nowhere to s tay now.【解析】句意：很幸运我们订了一个房间，否则我们现在将无处可住。考查虚拟语气。引导含 蓄虚拟条件句，or 后面是主句，相当于 if we hadnt booked a room, we would have nowhere to stay now，根据“now”可知，是对现在进行虚拟，因此用 would动词原形。【答案】would have11. He commanded that all the gates (shut) when it was getting dark in case thieves came in.
