tell的用法和常见搭配.doc

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1、1tell 的用法和常见搭配tell 的中文含义是:说;告诉;讲述。例句:Tell him to wait for a few minutes, please.请告诉他等几分钟。tell 一般用作及物动词,常用于 tell somebody to do something 这个结构中,表示“要某人做某事”,如:Tell the kids to be quite, please. 请告诉孩子们保持安静。类似的结构还有 ask somebody to do something。tell 还常用于 tell somebody something 和 tell somebody about somet

2、hing 这两个结构中。两个结构都有“告诉”的意思,它们的区别是:tell somebody something 告诉某人某事(往往是不需要解释、说明的事);tell somebody about something 向某人讲述某事(往往含有解释、说明的意味)。试比较:Tell me your phone number.告诉我你的电话号码。Please tell me something about your school life.请给我讲讲你的校园生活吧。常用搭配:tell somebody to do something 告诉某人去做某事tell somebody something 告

3、诉某人某事tell somebody about something 向某人讲述某事speak, talk, say, tell 的用法区别这四个词的用法辨析是中考英语中考得最经常的同义词辨析之一。综观各省市的中考英语真题情况,我们发现,中考对这四个词的考查主要侧重于其用法差异和习惯表达方面的不同。因此,本文拟在这两个方面谈谈它们的具体用法和区别。一、用法方面的区别1. speak 强调单方的“说”或“讲”,一般用作不及物动词,要表示 “对某人说( 某事)”,可用 speak to with sb (about sth)。如:Please speak more slowly. 请说慢一点。I

4、spoke to with the chairman about my idea. 我跟主席说了我的想法。22. talk 强调双方“交谈”,一般用作不及物动词,表示“同某人谈论(某事)”,可用 talk to with sb (about sth)。如:He was talking to with a friend. 他在同一位朋友谈话。What are they talking about? 他们在谈论什么 ?3. say 强调说话内容,一般用作及物动词。表示“对某人说”,可用 say to sb。如:Did you say anything (to him)? 你(对他) 说了些什么?H

5、e said (that) he wanted to go. 他说他想去。 注:以下句型值得注意:据说他病了。正:It is said that he is ill.正:He is said to be ill.4. tell 表示 “告诉”,可接双宾语,双宾语易位时用介词 to 引出间接宾语。如:I told him my name. 我把名字告诉了他。He told his parents the good news. / He told the good news to his parents. 他把这个好消息告诉了他父母。注:还可接不定式的复合结构作宾语。如:Tell her to c

6、ome at once. 叫她马上来。He told the children not to play in the street. 他叫孩子们不要在街上玩。另外,有时与介词 from 连用表示“区分”“辨别” 等。如:I cannot tell which is which. 我分不清哪个是哪个。Can you tell true friends from false friends? 你能分清真假朋友吗 ?especially,specially,particularly用于形容词或副词前,强调程度( 通常译为“ 特别”) ,三者都可用。如:It is particularly espec

7、ially, specially cold today. 今天特别冷。I was feeling particularly especially, specially tired this evening. 今天晚上我特别累。有时也修饰动词。如:I especially particularly, specially want to see that film. 我特别想看那部电影。3用于强调目的( 意为“ 特意”、“专门”), 通常用 specially 或 especially,一般与表目的的不定式或介词 for 短语连用。如:We bought it specially especial

8、ly for you. 这是我们特意为你买的。I was asked specially to meet her. 特意要我去接她(from )。The book is written especially specially for children. 这本书是专门为孩子们写的。表示陈述某一事实之后,列举一个具有代表性的例子,作进一步强调,一般用 especially 或 particularly,其后可接名词、介词短语、从句等。如:We want to invite some friends, especially Jim and John. 我们想邀请几个朋友,尤其是吉姆和约翰。He l

9、ikes the country, especially in spring. 他喜欢乡村,尤其是在春天。Noise is unpleasant, especially when youre trying to sleep. 噪音是令人不愉快的,尤其是当你想入睡的时候。escape 与 flee两者均有“逃”的意思,但有区别:1. escape 表示“逃脱” ,主要指从被监禁或类似没有自由的状态中逃脱。如:Two prisoners escaped last night. 昨晚有两名犯人逃走了。The fish escaped from the net. 鱼逃出了网。注:有时用于引申义。如(f

10、rom ) :He escaped punishment. 他逃过了惩罚。She escaped being caught. 她没被抓住。The fact escaped my notice. 我没注意到这一事实。2. flee 表示“逃走 ”,着重逃的动作,强调逃走时的急促或仓促。如:The burglars were frightened and fled. 夜盗们受惊逃走了。The enemy soldiers were fleeing in all directions. 敌兵们四处逃窜。注:表示“逃跑” 时,escape 是不及物动词,而 flee 则可用作及物或不及物动词。如:He

11、 fled (from) the burning house. 他从燃烧的房子逃出。elder, eldest & older, oldest41. old 通常的比较级和最高级分别是 older, oldest。可用于人或物,可用作表语或定语,可与 than 连用。如:He is older than me. 他比我年纪大。Im two years older than he. 我比他大两岁。The cathedral is the oldest building in the city. 这座教堂是城里最古老的建筑。2. elder 与 eldest 主要用于家人之间表明长幼关系。通常只用

12、于人而不用于物,只用作定语而不用作表语,也不与 than 连用。如:This is my eldest son (daughter). 这是我的大儿子( 女)。His elder brother (sister) works in a clothing factory. 他哥哥(姐姐) 在一家服装厂工作。注:在美国英语中,也可用 older, oldest 表示长幼关系。如:older brother 哥哥 oldest daughter 最大的女儿elder 与 eldest 的区别是:前者指两者中年纪较大的, 而后者指三者或三者以上的年纪最大的。如:ones elder son 指两个儿子

13、中年纪较大的一个ones eldest son 指三个或三个以上的儿子中年纪最大的一个3. elder 和 eldest 作为形容词,通常只能用作定语,不用作表语;但若不是用作形容词(即其后不接名词)而是用作名词,则可以用作表语(此时通常有冠词或物主代词修饰)。如:Jim is my eldest. 吉姆是我最大的孩子(from )。Im the eldest in the family. 我是全家年纪最大的。He was the elder of the two sons. 他是两个儿子中较大的。He is my elder by two years. / He is two years o

14、lder than I. 他比我大两岁。easy 与 easilyeasy 通常是形容词,有时也用作副词,但通常只用于某些特定的表达中。如:Take it things easy. 别着急(慢慢来) 。Easy come, easy go. 来得容易去得快。Easier said than done. 说来容易做来难。Stand easy! (口令)稍息! (比 stand at ease 更随便)go easy 省点劲儿,别那么卖力(from )5go easy on (with) sb (sth) 对某人( 某事)谨慎( 从容,有节制)easily 是形容词 easy 的副词形式,其用法很

15、广。如:I can easily finish the work. 我可以毫不费力地完成这工作。easily 除表示 “容易地” 、“ 轻而易举地 ”外,还可表示“无疑地 ”、“可能地”。如:She is easily the cleverest girl in the class. 她无疑是这个班最聪明的女孩。That could easily be the answer were looking for. 那可能就是我们正在寻找的答案。earth,world,globe1. earth 是人类所居住的这个行星的名字“地球”( 其前用 the)。有时也指“大地”、“地面”(ground) 或

16、“ 泥土”(soil) (其前一般不用 the)。如:The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。The plane fell to (the) earth. 飞机落到地面。Please fill the hole with earth. 请用泥土填满这个坑。2. world 指“世界”( 其前用 the),有时也指“全世界的人”(其前用 the)。如:He travelled all over the world. 他周游了全世界。The whole world is hoping (that) there will be a lasting peace.

17、全世界(的人) 都希望能持久的和平。3. globe 指“地球” ,强调圆球形状 (其前用 the),一般不宜多用,也指“地球仪”(可数) 。如:They came from every corner of the globe. 他们来自世界各地。We use a globe in our geography lessons. 我们上地理课时使用地球仪。4. 比较:on earth & in the world,两者用法大致相同,即用于最高级后,表示 “在世界上”或“在人间” ;用于疑问词后,表示 “究竟”、“到底” ;用于否定词后,表示“一点也不”。如:This is the longest

18、 river on earth in the world. 这是世界上最长的河。What on earth in the world do you need? 你究竟需要什么(from )?I have no friend on earth in the world to rely upon. 我根本没有可信赖的朋友。during 与 in61. 两者均可表示一段时间,有时可互换:如:Ill be on holiday in during August. 我将在 8 月度假。He woke up three times in during the night. 夜里他醒了 3 次。2. 两者比

19、较而言,during 更强调时间的延续,in 只是指一般性的某一时间。因此若表示状态或习惯性动作,多用 during ,否则以用 in 为常见。比较:Many people suffered hardship during the war. 许多人在战争期间受苦遭难。He was injured in the war. 他在战争期间受了伤。3. 在 stay, visit, meal 等表示行为要持续一定时间的名词之前,只能用 during 而不能用 in。如:The phone rang during the meal. 吃饭时电话铃响了。I went to see my aunt duri

20、ng my stay in Beijing. 在北京逗留期间,我去看了我的姑妈。4. 与季节名词连用用,in 表泛指, during 表特指。比较:In summer we often camp in the forest. 夏天我们常在森林里露营。 (泛指)During the summer we camped in the forest. 今年夏天我们在森林里露营。 (特指)during 与 for1. during 通常表示事件发生在何时(when),而 for 则表示事件持续了多长时间 (how long)。如:He was in hospital for six weeks duri

21、ng the summer. 他在夏天住了 6 个星期的医院。A:When did he die? 他是什么时候死的?B:During the last war. 是在上次战争中。(此句不能用 for)A:How long did you live there? 你在那儿住过多久?B:For about three years. 大约 3 年。(此句不能用 during)2. 两者之后均可接由 the whole 引起的时间短语,但通常不能接由 all 引起的时间短语。如:他整个夏天都住在那儿。正:He stayed there for during the whole summer.误:He

22、 stayed there for during all the summer.73. 在“数词时间名词” 之前以及在 some time, a long time 之类表示泛指一段时间的词组之前,可用介词 for,但不用 during。如:他在这儿住过 10 年(一段时间 ) (from )。误:He lived here during ten years (during some time).正:He lived here for ten years (for some time).due to,because of,owing to三者均可表示“由于”、“ 因为 ”,按照传统语法:due

23、 to 主要引导表语,而 because of, owing to 两者都主要引导状语。如:His illness is due to bad food.他生病是由于吃了不好的食物。The accident was due to careless driving.这次车祸起因于驾驶疏忽。He cant come because of the bad weather.他不能来是因为天气不好。Owing to the rain, the match was cancelled.比赛因雨被取消了。但是在现代英语中,due to 也可用来引导状语,而 owing to 也可以用来引导表语。如:由于交通

24、拥挤他迟到了。正:He was late due to owing to, because of the very heavy traffic.正:Due to Owing to, Because of the very heavy traffic, he was late.because of 通常只用来引导状语,若引导表语,主语通常应为代词。如:It is all because of what you said.那完全是因为你说的话。appreciate 与 enjoy两者均可表示“欣赏” ,区别如下:1. appreciate 指对事物有深入的理解力或较高的修养,并能鉴赏、品评等,相当

25、于 understand or enjoy fully。如:Not many of us can appreciate Beijing opera. 我们中间没有几个人能真正欣赏京剧。You will appreciate his novels if you read his autobiography. 如果你读了他的自传,你就更能欣赏他的小说了。82. enjoy 表示“欣赏” ,属一般用语,不像 appreciate 那样具有较高的修养,也无需“鉴赏”,只是得到感官或精神上的乐趣或满足,侧重享受,相当于 get pleasure from 的意思。如:I enjoyed the play

26、 very much. 我很欣赏这出戏。We didnt enjoy his lecture. 他的讲课,我们并不欣赏。during 与 while1. 两者都可表示“在期间”,但 during 是介词,而 while 是连词。如:他在巴黎期间,与他的朋友住在一起。误:During he was in Paris, he lived with his friends.误:During in Paris, he lived with his friends.正:While he was in Paris, he lived with his friends.正:During his stay i

27、n Paris, he lived with his friends.2. 两者都可表示在某一段时间内所发生的某一点动作,其区别仍然是:during 为介词,while 为连词。如:He died during the night. 他死于夜间。He fell asleep while he was reading. 他在读书时睡着了。appear, look, seem 的区别三者均可用作连系动词,意为“好像”、“ 似乎”等,区别如下:一、从词义上看look 指视觉印象;appear 指外表给人的印象;这两者可能是真象也可能是假象,appear 的不确定性更大一些。seem 侧重指根据某种迹

28、象作出的推断,也不一定是事实。二、从句型搭配和用法上看(1) 三者均可后接不定式,但 look 之后一般只限于 to be (且较少见) 。如:正:He seems appears ,looks to be tired. 他好像很累了。正:He seems appears to have travelled a lot. 他似乎去过不少地方。误:He looks to have travelled a lot.(2) look, seem 之后可接介词 like,但 appear 之后一般不能。如:He looks seems like a fool. 他看起来像个大傻瓜。9(3) appea

29、r 和 seem 不用于进行时态,但 look 有时可这样用。如:正:He looks is looking well. 他看上去气色不错。误:He is seeming appearing well.(4) 三者均可用于 it 开头的句子,且三者之后均可接以 as if 或 as though 引导的从句,另外 appear 和 seem 之后还可接 that 引导的从句。如:It looks seems, appears as if he has lost interest in his job. 看来他对自己的工作已失去了兴趣。It seems appears that he is ve

30、ry tired. 他似乎很累了。注:后接 that 从句时,有时可用 so,not 代之。如:A:Are they reliable? 他们可靠吗?B:It seems appears so (not). 似乎是可靠的(不可靠)。另外,比较以下同义句型:It seems appears that he is ill. He seems appears to be ill. 他似乎病了。answer 与 reply一、共同点两者均可表示“回答” ,但 answer 属常用词,多用于一般性应答,而 reply 则较正式,多指经过考虑而作出答复。如:He answered my letter. 他

31、给我回了信。(指他在信中说信已收到等)He replied to my letter. 他给我回了信。(指他在信中把我提出的问题都作出回答 )若不细分,两者可换用。如:I was so nervous that I couldnt answer reply. 我紧张得没作回答。二、不同点1. answer 可自由地用作及物或不及物动词,而 reply 除后接 that 从句或引出直接引语是及物动词外,一般只用作不及物动词。其后若接名词或代词作宾语,应借助介词 to。如:He replied that he had changed his mind. 他回答说他改变了主意。He didnt an

32、swer reply to my question. 他没有回答我的问题。比较下面两句:He did not know what to reply. 他不知道回答什么(即:用什么回答 )。He did not know what to reply to. 他不知道回答什么问题( 即:对什么作回答) 。2. answer 除表示“ 回答”外,还可表示接听(电话) 或对门铃等声响作出反应等(常与 telephone, door, bell, door-bell 等连用)。但 reply 不能这样用。如:10Who answered the telephone? 谁接的电话?A little gir

33、l answered the door. 一个小女孩应声去开门。Nobody answered my call for help. 没有人理会我的呼救。3. 两者除用作动词外,都可用作名词。要表示“对的回答(答复,答案)” 等,其后均接介词 to (不用 of)。如:Have you had an answer to your letter? 你寄出的信有回音没有?I received no reply to my request. 我的要求没有收到任何答复。announce 与 declare两者均可表示“宣布” ,区别如下:1. announce 主要指宣布大家期待的或与大家有关的事情,所

34、涉及的情况通常是别人原来不知道的事,含有预告的意思。如:The date of his visit has not been announced. 他来访的日期尚未公布。They announced their engagement to the family. 他们向家里宣布他们已经订婚了。2. declare 含有庄严宣告或交代清楚的意思,所涉及的事情不一定是别人不知道的。如:He was declared to be guilty. 他被宣判有罪。Bulgaria declared her independence in 1908. 保加利亚于 1908 年宣布独立。anxious 与

35、eager1. 表示“担心的” 、“ 焦虑的”这一意义时,只能用 anxious,不用 eager;表示“ 为担心”,一般后接介词 about, for。如:Were anxious about for her health. 我们担心她的健康。He was anxious for his family, who were travelling abroad. 他担心在国外旅行的家人。2. 表示“热切的” 、“ 渴望的”这一意义时,两者都可用,但有以下几点需注意:(1) anxious 之后一般用介词 for,而 eager 之后可接介词 for, after, about 等。如:Im anxious for a computer. 我渴望有台电脑。We are all eager for after knowledge. 我们都求知心切。(2) 两者之后均可接“(for sb)不定式”,表示“渴望或想要 (某人)做某事”。如:We are anxious eager to know the result. 我们渴望知道结果。He was anxious eager for her to go with him. 他渴望她 同他一起去。

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