1、 2014 年考研英语（一）真题及答案解析（网络版）Section I Use of LanguageDirections：Read the following text Choose the best word（S） for each numbered blank and mark A， B ，C or D on ANSWER SHEET （10 Points）As many people hit middle age， they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used
2、 to be We suddenly cant remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago， or an old acquaintances name， or the name of an old band we used to love As the brain 2 ， we refer to these occurrences as “senior moments“ 3 seemingly innocent， this loss of mental focus can potentially have a（an） 4 impact on our
3、 professional， social， and personal 5 Neuroscientists， experts who study the nervous system， are increasingly showing that theres actually a lot that can be done It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do， and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cog
4、nitive 8 Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain To a certain extent， our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited 11 ， because these connections are made through effort and practice， scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluct
5、uate 12 mental effortNow， a new Webbased company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first “brain training program“ designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 The Web based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills The program keeps 16 of
6、 your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement Most importantly， it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developingmuch like a（n） 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use1Awhere Bwhen Cth
7、at Dwhy2Aimproves Bfades Crecovers Dcollapses3AIf BUnless COnce DWhile4Auneven Blimited Cdamaging Dobscure5Awellbeing Benvironment Crelationship Doutlook6Aturns Bfinds Cpoints Dfigures7Aroundabouts Bresponses Cworkouts Dassociations8Agenre Bfunctions Ccircumstances Dcriterion9Achannel Bcondition Cse
8、quence Dprocess10Apersist Bbelieve Cexcel Dfeature11ATherefore BMoreover COtherwise DHowever12Aaccording to Bregardless of Capart from Dinstead of13Aback Bfurther Caside Daround14Asharpness Bstability Cframework Dflexibility15Aforces Breminds Churries Dallows16Ahold Btrack Corder Dpace17A to Bwith C
9、for Don18Airregularly Bhabitually Cconstantly Dunusually19Acarry Bput Cbuild Dtake20Arisky Beffective Cidle Dfamiliar答案：15 ABDCA610 ACBDC1115 DABAD1620 BDCCB1 标准答案 A考点分析 上下文语义和连词辨析选项分析 本题考查连词。根据上下文意思，首先可以排除 BCD。这句话中 where 引导一个状语语从句，主要是说记不清把钥匙放在哪里了。2 标准答案 B考点分析 上下文语义和动词辨析选项分析 As the brain 2 we refer
10、to these occurrences as “senior moments 这句话的意思是“由于大脑 2 我们称这些现象为“瞬间性老年痴呆” ，由此可以排除A 和 C。Dcollapse 意为：使倒塌，使崩溃，不符合题意。 fades 考察熟词僻意，通常意思为褪色，逝去。还有衰老的意思，这里就考察是衰老的意思。从前文可以看出，文章讲的是随着年龄增长，大脑衰老。所以选B3 标准答案 D考点分析 逻辑衔接题选项分析 A if 表示假设 “如果” 。B Unless “除非，如果不” 。COnce “一旦” 。DWhile， “虽然，然而”表转折。这句话的意思是虽然表面上看起来没什么，但是危害很
11、大，前后位转折关系，所以选 D。4 标准答案 C考点分析 上下文语义和词汇辨析选项分析 这四个选项均为形容词， A 表示“不均匀” ， B 表示“有限的” ， C 表示“有破坏性的，损坏的” ， D 表示“模糊的，晦涩的” 。这句话意思是这种精神能量的缺失会给我们带来的影响。根据上下文的意思，可以排除 A 和 D。而“有限的影响”显然不足以表达危害的严重性，故可以排除B 选项。 C “带来有害的影响”最符合作者意图。5 标准答案 A考点分析 上下文语义和名词辨析选项分析 本句话含义是这种精神能量的缺失会给我们的职业、社交还有个人带来有害的影响。A wellbeing “幸福” 。Benviro
12、nment “环境 ”。C relationship “关系” 。D outlook “展望” 。and 连接若干名词，这些名词应该为同一类，职业、社交都是和个人相关，排除B 和D，C personal relationship 就是 social 的意思，不能重复，选择A ，个人幸福。6 标准答案 A考点分析 固定搭配选项分析 A it turns out that “原来，其实” 。Bit finds out that“本文发现” 。C it points out that“指出” 。D it figures out that“本文发现” 。It 代表神经科学，这句话的意思是越来越多的精神
13、学家们都表示，大脑其实跟肌肉一样需要练习运动。这里给出的是神经科学的结论，因此选择 it turns out that7 标准答案 C考点分析 上下文语义和名词辨析选项分析 这四个选项均为名词。A roundabouts 迂回路线。Bresponses 回应。Cworkouts 锻炼，练习。Dassociations 协会。Cworkouts 锻炼，练习与前文出现的 exercise都有“锻炼，练习”的意思，近义词复现，所以选C8 标准答案 B考点分析 上下文语义和名词辨析选项分析 这四个选项均为名词。Agenre 类型，种类。Bfunctions 功能。Ccircumstances 情况，环
14、境。Dcriterion 批评判断的标准、准则。这句话的意思是正确的智力运动能极大地提高我们最基本的认知功能，根据语义，选择Bfunctions 功能。9 标准答案 D考点分析 上下文语义和名词辨析选项分析 这四个选项均为名词。A channel 通道，频道。Bcondition 条件。Csequence 顺序，序列。Dprocess 过程，步骤。根据常识，思考是一个过程，并且通过脑神经相互接触来完成，其他选项表示渠道、序列、条件，均不符合常识。因此正确答案是表示过程的D选项。这句话的意思是思考是大脑神经连接必要的过程。10 标准答案 D考点分析 上下文语义和动词辨析选项分析 这四个选项均为动
15、词。 A persist 坚持。B believe 相信。C excel 超过。D feature 特色。本句句意，在某种程度来讲，我们在进行神经连接（直接影响人的聪明程度）方面的特殊能力是与生俱来的。excel 有超过擅长的意思，表示在某个方面出众，放在此处符合题意，因此正确答案为B。11 标准答案 D考点分析 逻辑衔接题选项分析 本题需要的是一个副词，而且位于句首，因此考察的是句关系。通过前后句意义来定答案，前一句强调的是智力是与生俱来的（inherited） ，而后一句则认为是可以通过脑力活动（mental effort）会有所波动，两句意义明显相反，故正确答案为D However。12
16、 标准答案 A考点分析 上下文语义和短语辨析选项分析 本题并不难，可以理解为：智力可以脑力活动得到提升或出现波动。 Bregardless of “不管，不顾”不合逻辑。Capart from“除之外”也不合适。Dinstead of “代替 ”明显不符。故A为正确答案。13 标准答案 B考点分析 上下文语义和固定搭配选项分析 本题考察的是固定搭配： take a step ，能搭配只有 A 和 C，分别指“采取进一步措施”和“让到一边去” ，无论从逻辑上还是从句意上都是 A 符合。14 标准答案 A考点分析 上下文语义和词汇辨析选项分析 本题考察的是动宾搭配：improve and rega
17、in sbs mental ，再根据前文一直在讲如何提高“智力” ，因此可以排除 A（模式）和 B（稳定性） ，C（灵活性）和D（锋利性，尖锐性）容易混淆， C 有一定的干扰性，但双比之下，D 更契合前文，故选D。15 标准答案 D考点分析 上下文语义和词汇辨析选项分析 空格所在句的意思是说这个网络课程可以_系统地改善你的记忆力和注意力。而且此处需要填入的动词需要与 to 进行搭配。根据搭配关系直接排除 A，B。本文的主题介绍的是使人聪明的脑力锻炼法，感情色彩是中性的，此处的 D 选项 force 排除，所以最恰当的是 D。16 标准答案 B考点分析 上下文语义和固定搭配选项分析 空格所在句的
18、意思是说这个培训课程还可以_学习进度，并且给予详尽的信息反馈。根据语境，空格缺少的词汇意义为跟踪学习进度，分析四个选项，直接排除 A hold， C order； 辨析 B，D 两个选项，与 D 选项的 pace 搭配的介词应该为 with，即，keep pace with，所以排除，B 选项为正确答案，keep track of 意思为跟踪。17 标准答案 C考点分析 上下文语义和介词选项分析 本题考查介词，根据空格前后语境，空格所缺少的介词意义为关于你的表现作出详细的反馈，四个选项中只有 D 有关于的意思。18 标准答案 C考点分析 上下文语义和词汇辨析选项分析 空格所在句的意思是说更加重
19、要的是，它会_调整并升级有关训练游戏。通过前后句的语境，所用词汇均为褒义词，所以，从感情色彩方面可以排除 A，B 习惯性的主语应该为人，直接排除。B 经常的，D 异乎寻常的代入，发现 C 比较符合题意。19 标准答案 C考点分析 上下文语义和词汇辨析选项分析 空格所在句的意思是说它会经常调整并升级有关训练游戏，以促进脑力的不断_。本题所缺少的动词需要与介词 on 搭配，A put on 穿上，增加；B carry on 执行；C build on 在基础上增加，构建；D take on 呈现；代入空格发现只有 C 适合，A，B，D 都不与空格后面的 development 相搭配。20 标准答
20、案 C考点分析 上下文语义和词汇辨析选项分析 本题涉及的是一个含不定式作后定的句子，所缺词汇为形容词修饰exercise routine，根据前后情感一致的逻辑，通过后面的不定式中的关键词 increase 寺和vary your muscle use 等信息反推所需词汇为正向词汇，直接排除 A 和 B，D 是中性，只有C（有效的）符合逻辑，故为正确答案。Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections： Read the following four texts Answer the questions below each text by c
21、hoosing A， B， C， D Mark your choice on ANSWER SHEET 1 （40 points）Text 1In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency， ” George Orbome， Chancellor of the Exchequer， introduced the “upfront work search” scheme Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV register for online
22、 job search， and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefitand then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly What could be more reasonable?More apparent reasonableness followed There will now be a sevenday wait for the jobseekers allowance “Those first few days should be spent
23、 looking for work， not looking to sign on ” he claimed “Were doing these things because we know they help people say off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster” Help? Really? On first hearing， this was the socially concerned chancellor， trying to change lives for the better， comple
24、te with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work， and subsides laziness What motivated him， we were to understand， was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”protecting the taxpayer， controlling spending and ensuring that only the m
25、ost deserving claimants received their benefitsLosing a job is hurting： you dont skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart， delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state It is financially terrifying， psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is min
26、imal and extraordinarily hard to get You are now not wanted； you support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get You are now not wanted； you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life Worse， the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay
27、 the bills has disappeared Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always： a jobBut in Osborneland， your first instinct is to fall into dependency permanent dependency if you can get it supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood It is as though 20 years of eve
28、rtougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens Even the very phrase “jobseekers allowance” inven
29、ted in 1996 is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker” who had no mandatory right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributionsInstead， the claimant receives a timelimited “allowance， ” conditional on actively seeking a job； no entitlement and no insuranc
30、e， at ?7170 a week， one of the least generous in the EU真题解析：文章概括：政府大臣 Grorge Osbome 提出了一个项目帮助失业的人找工作。21George Osbornes scheme was intended toAprovide the unemployed with easier access to benefitsBencourage jobseekers active engagement in job seekingCmotivate the unemployed to report voluntarilyDguar
31、antee jobseekers legitimate right to benefits答案：B 细节题。本道题的关键是 intended to 问的是目的，所以我们也应该去寻找体现目的性的词汇，所以在首段首句看到了 in order to ，则后面的内容即为本题答案，结合后面找工作的内容则选择 B 选项。22The phrase “to sign on”（Line 3，Para2） most probably meansAto check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentreBto accept the governments restr
32、ictions on the allowanceCto register for an allowance from the governmentDto attend a governmental job training program答案： C 词义句意题。先根据题干定位到第二段第三行，to sign on 前面有一个很明显的 not，则我们可以推知，这一定是前面的反义，我们只要读懂前面半部分就可以了，前面说应该 spend looking for work，正好和 A 选项相符，所以我们只要选择一个相反的选项即可，则选择 C 选项。23What promoted the chancell
33、or to develop his scheme?AA desire to secure a better life for allBAn eagerness to protect the unemployedCAn urge to be generous to the claimantsDA passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers答案：A 细节题。本道题的关键是题目中的 prompted 和 chancellor，根据 chancellor能定位到二段第五行，再向下寻找则可发现 motivate 和 prompt 是对应的，所以看本句即可发现和 A
34、选项是对应的。24According to Paragraph 3， being unemployed makes one one feelAuneasyBenragedCinsulted Dguilty答案： A 细节题。本道题根据 unemployed 回到文中定位在第三段的最后一句，没有感觉相关内容，所以需要向前找答案，再根据本段第一句话中的 losing a job 即可判定答案在第二句，因此选择 A 选项。另我们会发现 BCD 三个选项趋于强烈和负面，所以，我们选择 A 选项。25To which of the following would the author most prob
35、ably agree?AThe British welfare system indulges jobseekers lazinessBOsbornes reforms will reduce the risk of unemploymentCThe jobseekers allowance has met their actual needsDUnemployment benefits should not be made conditional答案：B 细节题。本题题根据选项定位。A 选项根据大写字母 The British welfare system 定位到最后一段的第三句，原文是 “
36、no longer”，选项与原文反向干扰。B 选项根据Osbornes reforms定位到第一段第二句，可以得出该项目可减少失业危险，所以 B 为正确答案。C 选项根据题干“the jobseekers allowance”定位到最后一段倒数第二句，该句提到“no fundamental right”，恰与 C 选项表意相反，所以 C 是反向干扰。D 选项根据题干“conditional”定位到最后一段最后一句，其中只提到 “conditional on actively seeking a job”，并没有要说以后应该怎样，所以属于无中生有。Text 2All around the wor
37、ld， lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other professionwith the possible exception of journalism But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than AmericaDuring the decade before the economic crisis， spending on legal services in America grew twice as f
38、ast as inflation The best lawyers made skyscrapersfull of money， tempting ever more students to pile into law schools But most law graduates never get a bigfirm job Many of them instead become the kind of nuisancelawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmareThere are many reasons for t
39、his One is the excessive costs of a legal education There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states： a fouryear undergraduate degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam This leaves todays average lawschool gra
40、duate with $100，000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts Lawschool debt means that they have to work fearsomely hardReforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers Sensible ideas have been around for a long time， but the statelevel bodies that govern the profession have been too co
41、nservative to implement them One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a wouldbe lawyer， those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do soStu
42、dents who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a thirdThe other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guildlike ownership structure of the business Except in the District of Columbia， nonlawyers may not own any share of a law firm This keeps fees high and innovat
43、ion slow There is pressure for change from within the profession， but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethicallyIn fact，allowing nonlawyers to own shares in law firms wo
44、uld reduce costs and improve services to customers， by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms efficiency After all， other countries， such as Australia and Britain， have started liberalizing their legal professions America should follow
45、26a lot of students take up law as their profession due toAthe growing demand from clientsBthe increasing pressure of inflationCthe prospect of working in big firmsDthe attraction of financial rewards答案：D。该题是因果细节题，考察细节。首先，根据段落定位原则模糊定位，定位到前几段。其次，再精确定位，题干中有关键词“students”“law”“profession”，回到原文寻找相关信息。第一段
46、未发现相关信息，然后到第二段看到“The best lawyers made skyscrapersfull of money， tempting ever more students to pile into law schools ”与题干有重合之处，选项 D 是该句的同义替换。 A、B、C 三个选项根据原文个别词汇“clients”“inflation”“bigfirm”等进行干扰。注意，第一段的 But 是个假转折词，并非答案处。27Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?AHigher tuition fees for undergraduate studiesBAdmissions approval from the bar associationCPursuing a bachelors degree in another major
