1、2011 年考研英语一试题及参考答案Section Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But _some claims to the contr
2、ary, laughing probably has little influence on physical filness Laughter does _short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, _ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to _, a good laugh is unlikely to have _ benefits the way, say, walking or
3、jogging does._, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the _, studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter. muscles,Such bodily reaction might conceivably help_the effects of psychological stress.Anyway,the act of laughing probably d
4、oes produce other types of _feedback,that improve an individuals emotional state. _one classical theory of emotion,our feelings are partially rooted _ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry _they are sad but they become sad when te tears begin to flow
5、.Although sadness also _ tears,evidence suggests that emotions can flow _ muscular responses.In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz.1. A among B except Cdespite D like 2. A reflect Bdemend Cindicate Dproduce 3. A stabilizing B boosting C impairing D determining 4. A transmit Bs
6、ustain C evaluate D observe 5. A measurable Bmanageable Caffordable Drenewable 6. A In turn B In fact C In addition D In brief 7. A opposite Bimpossible Caverage D expected 8. A hardens B weakens C tightens Drelaxes 9. A aggravate B generate C morderate D enhance 10. A physical B mental C subcinscio
7、us Dintermal11. A Except for B According to C Due to D As for 12. A with B on C in Dat 13. A unless B until C if D because 14. A exhausts B follows C precedes D supresses 15. A into Bform C towards D beyond 16. A fecth B form C pick D hold 17. A disappointed B excited C joyful D indifferent 18. A ad
8、apted B catered C turned D reacted 19. A suggesting B requiring C mentioning D supposing 20. A Eventually B Consequently C Similatly D ConverselySection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Reading the following fours texts. Answer the question below each text by Choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answ
9、er on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)Text 1The decision of the New York philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the l
10、east “Hooray! A t last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music criticOne of the reason why the appiontment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilber is commparatively little known Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilberts appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious
11、 musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.”As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that semms likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint prwise For my part, I have no i
12、dea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, be performs an impressive variety of interesting composition, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot
13、up my computer amd download still more recorded music form iTumesDevoted concertgoers who reply that recording are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses
14、, dance troupes , theeater companies, and museums, but also with the recorsed performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recording are cheap, available everwhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than todays choosing. The widespread availabilyty of such re
15、cording has thus brought about a ctisis in the institution of the traditional classical councert One possible reponse is for classical performers to program attravtive new music that is not yet available on recors. Gilberts own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross , a classical-mus
16、ic critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Phiharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization” But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely, expanding the orchestras repertorre will not be enough. If Gilbert and thr Philharmonic are to succeed, they
17、must first change the relationship between Americaa olderest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21.We learn from Para 1 that Gilberts appointment has Aincured criticismBraised suspicionCraceived acclaimDaround curiousity22.Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is AinfluentialBmod
18、estCrespectableDtalented23. The auther believes that the devoted concertgoers Aingore the expense of live performance Breject most kinds of recorded performanceCexaggerate the variety of live performancDoverestimate the variety of live performance24.According to the text, which of the following is t
19、rue of recordings?AThey are often interror to live concerts in quality BThey are easily accessible to the genral publicCThey help improve the quality of musicDThey have only convered masterpieces25.Regarding Gilberts role in revitalixing the Philharmonic, the authir feelsAdoubtfulBenthusisasticCconf
20、identDpuzzledText 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August,his expanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving to presue my goal of running a company, broadcasting his ambition “wa
21、s very much my decision,“ McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.MaGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to refect on what kind of company he wanted to
22、run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isnt alone. In recent weeks the NO.2 executives Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response business environment al
23、so has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEo turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with th
24、e leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO can
25、didates are the ones who must be poached. Says Krn Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey, “I cant think of a single search Ive done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.“Those who jumped without a job havent always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief
26、of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commoditied exchange. Robert Willumstad left CItigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institurion three years later. Many recrui
27、ters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad on. “The traditional rule was its safer to stay where you are, bu thats been fundamentally inverted,“ says one headhunter. “The people whove been hurt the wor
28、st are those whove stayed too long“26. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being( )A. Arrogant B. frank C. self-centered D. impulsive 27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives quitting may be spurred by ( )A. their expectation of better financial status B. t
29、heir need to reflect on their private life C. their strained relations with the boardsD. their pursuit of new career goals28. The word “poached“ (Line3, Paragraph 4) most probably means ( )A. approved of B. attended to C.hunted for D. guarded against29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph tha
30、t ( )A. top performers used to cling to their postsB. loyalty of top performers is getting out-datedC. top performers care more about reputationsD. its safer to stick to the traditional rules.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. CEOs: where to GO?B. CEOs: All the Way Up?C. To
31、p managers Jump without a NetD. The Only way out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid “ media-such as television commercials and print advertisements-still play a major role, companies today can exp
32、loit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned“ media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Webe site. The way consumenrs now approatch the board range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paind and owned
33、 media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media, such marketers act as the initiators for users responses. But in some cases, one marketers owned media become another marketers paid media-for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We d
34、ifine such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong tha other organization palce their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. Thies trend, which we believe is still in its infance, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will
35、no doubt go further John yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.”Its hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand t
36、hat a baby is not a haircut. But its interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood arent in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “
37、the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.36. Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bringA temporary delight.B enjoyment in progress.C happiness in retrospect.D lasting reward.37. We learn from Paragraph 2 thatA celebrity moms are a permanent s
38、ource for gossip.B single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.C news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.D having children is highly valued by the public.38. It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folk.A are constantly exposed to criticism.B are largely ignored by the media.C
39、 fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.D are less likely to be satisfied with their life.39. According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines isA soothing.B ambiguous.C compensatory.D misleading.40. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?A Having
40、children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.B Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.C Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.D We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.Part BDirections:The following paragraph are given in a
41、 wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize those paragraph into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraph E and C have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)A No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm the humanities. You can, Mr. Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the
